Association of UCP3, APN,and TNF-a Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes in a Population of Northern Chinese Han Patients

We observed the polymorphism distribution and coaction of uncoupling protein 3(UCP3)-55C/T,adiponectin(APN)+45T/G and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-a-308G/A on the onset and development of T2DM in a North...     

铁氰化钴/树状高分子修饰电极免标记法检测基因突变

利用铁氰化钴/树状高分子(CoHCF/PAMAM)复合材料修饰玻碳电极(GCE), 制备了免标记检测基因突变的新型DNA电化学传感器. 传感器中树状高分子层明显增加了单链DNA探针的固定量, 铁氰化钴层增大了鸟嘌呤的氧化信号, 该传感器可以灵敏识别单碱基错配的基因序列, 具有良好的选择性和灵敏度. 在7.6×10^-11～3.05×10^-8 mol/L浓度范围内, 鸟嘌呤(G)的氧化峰电流差值与突变基因浓度呈良好的线性关系, 检出限为1.0×10^-11 mol/L(S/N=3).     

2型糖尿病患者血清微量元素分析

为探讨2型糖尿病与患者血清微量元素的关系,对105例2型糖尿病患者血清Fe、Zn、Cu、Cr、Mg、Ca进行了观察,并与正常对照组做比较,各指标间做相关分析,结果表明,2型糖尿病患者血清Zn、Cr含量明显低于对照组,Cu的含量明显高于对照组,Fe、Mg、Ca的含量两组无差异。提示糖尿病患者体内微量元素的含量与糖尿病具有密切的关系。     

微量元素与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

2型糖尿病是一种常见的内分泌及代谢紊乱疾病,人体必需微量元素直接影响细胞代谢和胰岛素的水平。综述了微量元素铬、锌、镁、硒、铁、铜与2型糖尿病（T2DM）相关性研究的进展,为临床糖尿病的预防和治疗提出建议。     

2，3-二氨基萘荧光光度法测定楚雄地区糖尿病患者发硒含量

采用2,3-二氨基萘荧光光度法测定了楚雄地区糖尿病患者发硒含量,选取糖尿病患者50例,健康人群30例进行测定。结果表明,楚雄地区糖尿病患者发样中硒含量总体平均值为（0．3052±0．1263）μg/g,健康人群发样中硒含量总体平均值为（0．3345±0．1512）μg/g,糖尿病患者发样中硒含量明显低于健康人群,差异有统计学意义。     

2型糖尿病患者血清钙镁与甲状腺激素含量变化及临床意义

为了监测 2型糖尿病人血清钙、镁和甲状腺激素含量 ,分析其临床意义及相关性 ,应用放射免疫分析法测定了 1 1 5例 2型糖尿病及 1 5 0例健康人血清甲状腺激素含量。同时用美国杜邦RXL自动生化仪测定了其血清钙、镁含量。结果表明 ,在 2型糖尿病伴有明显并发症者血镁、FT3水平明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,钙镁两种元素与甲状腺激素水平无明显相关性。 2型糖尿病患者适当补镁对预防其并发症是有益的 ,测定FT3 等可作为判断 2型糖尿病严重程度和估计预后的参考指标。     

60例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人发铬分析

用ＤＣＴ直读光谱仪测定了６０例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病人发铬微量元素。铬（Ⅲ）含量低于对照组。具有生物活性的铬（Ⅲ）有机化合物－葡萄糖耐受因子（ＧＴＦ）是胰岛素的“协同激素”。铬（Ⅲ）含量降低，葡萄糖耐量受损，可导致胰岛素作用降低，影响糖元的合成与代谢。提示铬的测定对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病早期诊断及治疗有一定的临床价值。     

浅析磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗新诊断2型糖尿病的降糖效果

目的探讨磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗新诊断2型糖尿.病的降糖效果及对胰岛功能的保护作用。方法将2015年12月—2016年12月在广州市增城区人民医院内分泌科治疗的66例新诊断2型糖尿病患者随机分为两组,对照组单服二甲双胍治疗,观察组采用磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗,比较两组患者的血糖及胰岛素功能。结果观察组治疗后FPG、2h PG、Hb A1c明显较对照组改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后HOMA-β、HOMAIR、IAI、血清APN明显较对照组改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论磷酸西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗新诊断2型糖尿病效果显著,有利于血糖的平稳控制,延缓胰岛功能恶化,保护胰岛β细胞功能,具有积极的临床意义。     

Novel GPR120 Agonists with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

GPR120 is a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is activated by free fatty acids (FFAs) and stimulates the release of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1). GLP-1, as an incretin, can enhance glucose-dependent secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta cells and reduce blood glucose. In this study, a series of novel GPR120 agonists were designed and synthesized to improve the stability and hydrophilicity of the phenylpropanoic acid GPR120 agonist TUG-891. Compound 11b showed excellent GPR120 agonistic activity and pharmacokinetic properties, and could reduce the blood glucose of normal mice in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, no hypoglycemic side effects were observed even at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, 11b showed good anti-hyperglycemic effects in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Molecular simulation illustrated that compound 11b could enter the active site of GPR120 and interact with ARG99. Taken together, the results indicate that compound 11b might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of T2DM.     

中老年糖尿病轻重度患者血清中锌铜铁的分析

对128例中老年糖尿病患者血清中微量元素锌、铜、铁的含量进行了分析,并与正常对照组进行了比较。结果表明,血糖正常组和高血糖组的糖尿病患者血清锌水平均低于正常对照组,且差异非常显著,两病例组间亦有显著差异。血清铜水平则均高于对照组,三组间差异非常显著。血清铁水平虽均低于对照组,但无统计学上的显著意义。这说明血清中锌、铜、铁的测定可作为该种疾病诊断的参考指标,并提示糖尿病患者应以适当补充锌、铁制剂为辅助治疗手段。     

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of an Actin Gene from Chinese Licorice（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch）

A PCR-based homologous cloning strategy was used to identify an actin gene from the roots of Chinese licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). Results of sequence analysis indicate that a 1137 bp cDNA with an open reading frame encoding 377 amino acids,actin ortholog,GuActin,was successfully cloned and characterized(GenBank accession No. EU190972). Thus far,GuActin is the first actin of Chinese licorice that has been identified at a molecular level. Analysis by Northern blot shows that GuActin was expressed st...     

pH-temperature Responsive Hydrogel-Mediated Delivery of Exendin-4 Encapsulated Chitosan Nanospheres for Sustained Therapeutic Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) is a chronic, obesity-related, and inflammatory disorder characterize by insulin resistance, inadequate insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and excessive glucagon secretion. Exendin-4 (EX), a clinically established antidiabetic medication that acts as a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is effective in lowering glucose levels and stimulating insulin secretion while significantly reducing hunger. However, the requirement for multiple daily injections due to EX's short half-life is a significant limitation in its clinical application, leading to high treatment costs and patient inconvenience. To address this issue, an injectable hydrogel system is developed that can provide sustained EX release at the injection site, reducing the need for daily injections. In this study, the electrospray technique is examine to form EX@CS nanospheres by electrostatic interaction between cationic chitosan (CS) and negatively charged EX. These nanospheres are uniformly dispersed in a pH-temperature responsive pentablock copolymer, which forms micelles and undergoes sol-to-gel transition at physiological conditions. Following injection, the hydrogel gradually degraded, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. The EX@CS nanospheres are subsequently released, maintaining therapeutic levels for over 72 h compared to free EX solution. The findings demonstrate that the pH-temperature responsive hydrogel system containing EX@CS nanospheres can be a promising platform for the treatment of T2D.     

两种胰岛素方案治疗门诊初诊2型糖尿病患者的疗效及低血糖发生率比较

目的研究两种胰岛素方案治疗门诊初诊2型糖尿病患者的疗效及低血糖发生率。方法选取孝感市中心医院2013年3月—2014年8月84例门诊初诊2型糖尿病患者,抽签随机分为两组,其中42例采用餐前皮下注射门冬胰岛素治疗记为对照组,剩下42例采用餐前注射门冬胰岛素联合晚间注射甘精胰岛素强化治疗记为观察组。结果两组治疗后血糖相关指标比较无明显差异,不具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组低血糖率11.90%较对照组30.95%显著较低,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种胰岛素方案治疗初诊2型糖尿病均较为有效,但早期采用强化治疗方案能有效稳定平衡血糖代谢、预防低血糖发生,可作为临床治疗初诊2型糖尿病的首选参考方法。     

格列美脲与二甲双胍联合短期内强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性分析

目的 研究格列美脲与二甲双胍联合短期内强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性。方法 以天津市武清区河西务医院2015年1月—2016年11月初诊2型糖尿病患者106例随机分两组。A组采用常规饮食、运动等干预,并口服格列美脲治疗,B组在A组基础上联合二甲双胍治疗,共治疗12周。比较两组患者低血糖、肝肾和胃肠不良反应发生率;血糖达标时间;施行治疗前和施行治疗后患者血糖水平、胰岛素分泌指数、胰岛素抵抗指数的差异。结果 两组患者低血糖、肝肾和胃肠不良反应发生率无显著差异,P0.05;B组血糖达标时间短于A组,P0.05;施行治疗前两组血糖水平、胰岛素分泌指数、胰岛素抵抗指数比较无显著差异,P0.05;施行治疗后B组血糖水平、胰岛素分泌指数、胰岛素抵抗指数改善幅度更大,P0.05。结论格列美脲与二甲双胍联合短期内强化治疗初诊2型糖尿病的疗效及安全性高,可有效改善患者血糖水平和胰岛素分泌情况,低血糖风险低,安全可靠,值得推广。     

微流控芯片实验室在基因分析研究中的应用

对微流控芯片实验室在基因分析中应用研究的最新进展予以综述,特别注意到了这种新技术平台在不同类型的基因多态性检测和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)测序中的贡献,在一定程度上反映了这种贡献在临床诊断、法医学鉴定等领域已经产生的影响。     

Alterations in β-Cell Sphingolipid Profile Associated with ER Stress and iPLA2β: Another Contributor to β-Cell Apoptosis in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) development, in part, is due to ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. Activation of the Ca²⁺-independent phospholipase A₂ beta (iPLA₂β) leads to the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, which contribute to β-cell death and T1D. ER stress induces iPLA₂β-mediated generation of pro-apoptotic ceramides via neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase). To gain a better understanding of the impact of iPLA₂β on sphingolipids (SLs), we characterized their profile in β-cells undergoing ER stress. ESI/MS/MS analyses followed by ANOVA/Student’s t-test were used to assess differences in sphingolipids molecular species in Vector (V) control and iPLA₂β-overexpressing (OE) INS-1 and Akita (AK, spontaneous model of ER stress) and WT-littermate (AK-WT) β-cells. As expected, iPLA₂β induction was greater in the OE and AK cells in comparison with V and WT cells. We report here that ER stress led to elevations in pro-apoptotic and decreases in pro-survival sphingolipids and that the inactivation of iPLA₂β restores the sphingolipid species toward those that promote cell survival. In view of our recent finding that the SL profile in macrophages—the initiators of autoimmune responses leading to T1D—is not significantly altered during T1D development, we posit that the iPLA₂β-mediated shift in the β-cell sphingolipid profile is an important contributor to β-cell death associated with T1D.     

N-Glycosylation Profiling of Human Blood in Type 2 Diabetes by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Preliminary Study

Currently, diagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge. Thus, there is a need to find rapid, simple, and reliable analytical methods that can detect the disease at an early stage. The aim of this work was to shed light on the importance of sample collection options, sample preparation conditions, and the applied capillary electrophoresis bioanalytical technique, for a high-resolution determination of the N-glycan profile in human blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To achieve the profile information of these complex oligosaccharides, linked by asparagine to hIgG in the blood, the glycoproteins of the samples needed to be cleaved, labelled, and purified with sufficient yield and selectivity. The resulting samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After separation parameter optimization, the capillary electrophoresis technique was implemented for efficient N-glycan profiling of whole blood samples from the diabetic patients. Our results revealed that there were subtle differences between the N-glycan profiles of the diabetic and control samples; in particular, two N-glycan structures were identified as potential glycobiomarkers that could reveal significant changes between the untreated/treated type 2 diabetic and control samples. By analyzing the resulting oligosaccharide profiles, clinically relevant information was obtained, revealing the differences between the untreated and HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients on changes in the N-glycan profile in the blood. In addition, the information from specific IgG N-glycosylation profiles in T2D could shed light on underlying inflammatory pathophysiological processes and lead to drug targets.