锆离子注入锆-4合金缺陷的慢正电子研究

采用慢正电子束多普勒展宽谱研究了Zr离子注入Zr-4合金产生的缺陷及其退火回复行为，发现经过大于离子注入剂量为1×10¹⁶cm^-2的样品所产生的缺陷在注入过程中已经回复，而对剂量为1×10¹⁵cm^-2样品做300℃退火处理，其缺陷基本回复，得出合金缺陷回复能较低的结论. 考虑到材料的缺陷含量越高，其抗腐蚀性能越差，在辐照环境下通过给材料保持一定温度，即可使其缺陷得到较好回复，从而提高材料的抗腐蚀性能.     

Bubble-loop complexes induced by helium irradiation and effect of pre-irradiation and post-irradiation of hydrogen in reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic steel

In the present work, the synergistic effect of high concentration hydrogen and helium on the dislocation loops and bubbles as well as their correlations in reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels is investigated. Such an effect was transmuted from 14?MeV neutron irradiation and has been one of the most challenging issues for RAFM steels for future fusion reactors. After low dose (0.18?dpa) high concentration (5000 appm) single-ion helium irradiation at 723?K, very large dislocation loops were observed, and the majority of bubbles were inside dislocation loops, forming bubble-loop complexes. These bubble-loop complexes defects were also present in hydrogen/helium and helium/hydrogen sequential-ion irradiated steels. Pre-irradiated hydrogen ion effectively inhibited the later growth of loops induced by helium post-irradiation, and the higher the ratio of hydrogen to helium fluence, the greater the effect of inhibition. At high fluence of hydrogen pre-irradiation, the structure of bubble-loop complexes disappeared. On the other hand, hydrogen post-irradiation promoted the growth of loops induced by helium pre-irradiation, and the higher the ratio of hydrogen to helium fluence, the greater the effect of promotion. The mechanisms for hydrogen/helium synergistic effects are discussed.     

Mesoporous titania films investigated by positron annihilation based on a slow positron beam

Tunable mesoporous titania (TiO₂) thin films were synthesized via a sol-gel method using an amphiphilic triblock copolymer F38 as the structural template. The dependence of crystalization, pore morphology and interconnectivity of TiO₂ films on the weight ratio of F38 was studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Doppler broadening of positron annihilation radiation spectroscopy based on a slow positron beam. By loading more F38, the crystallization of TiO₂ films is enhanced, accompanied by a decrement in oxygen vacancies/grain boundaries. Smaller and isolated mesopores are formed in the films prepared with F38 less than 15?wt%. The pore percolation occurs when the weight ratio of F38 is up to 20?wt% and larger and interconnected worm-like pores are formed.     

高能重离子辐照的低活化钢硬化效应

为了探讨聚变堆候选低活化钢的抗辐照性能,在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室HIRFL的材料辐照终端,利用63 MeV的~(14)N离子和336 MeV的~(56)Fe离子在-50?C下对一种国产低活化钢进行辐照实验.借助离子梯度减能装置,使入射离子能量在0.22—6.17 MeV/u之间变化,从而在样品表面至24μm深度范围内产生0.05—0.20 dpa的原子离位损伤坪区.利用纳米压痕仪测试样品辐照前后的显微硬度,通过连续刚度测量(constant stiffness measurement)得到低活化钢硬度的深度剖面信息.使用Nix-Gao模型很好地描述了纳米压痕硬度随深度递减的现象(压痕尺寸效应,indentation size effect),从而有效避免了低能离子辐照的软基体效应(softer substrate effect).正电子湮灭寿命谱显示低活化钢在辐照之后长寿命成分增加,说明样品中产生了大量缺陷形成空位团,从而导致了材料力学性能的变化,在离子辐照剂量增加至0.2 dpa时,平均寿命τ_m增加量逐渐变慢,材料中辐照产生的缺陷趋于饱和.     

Annealing studies of Ti/Al multilayer film by slow positron beam

Single detector and coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy measurements using slow positron beam were carried out to study as-deposited and annealed Ti/Al multilayer films. The changes of the film structure and defects in each layer by heat treatment have been investigated through the analysis of Doppler broadening lineshape variation. The coincidence Doppler broadening measurements revealed that Ti is the dominant diffusion species during the alloying process of Ti/Al by high temperature annealing. These results highlight the potential of slow positron beam in characterizing the vacancy-type defects evolution and mechanism of interlayer diffusion in Ti/Al multilayer film.     

慢正电子束流技术在金属/合金微观缺陷研究中的应用

正电子湮没谱学技术是研究材料微观结构非常有效的一种核谱学分析方法, 主要用于获取材料内部微观结构的分布信息, 特别是微观缺陷结构及其特性等传统表征方法难以获取的微观结构信息. 近年来, 在慢正电子束流技术快速发展的基础上, 正电子湮没谱学技术在薄膜材料表面和界面微观结构的研究中得到了广泛应用. 特别是该技术对空位型缺陷的高灵敏表征能力, 使其在金属/合金材料表面微观缺陷的形成机理、缺陷结构特性及其演化行为等研究方面具有独特的优势. 针对材料内部微观缺陷的形成、演化机理以及缺陷特性的研究, 如缺陷的微观结构、化学环境、电子密度和动量分布等, 正电子湮没谱学测量方法和表征分析技术已经发展成熟. 而能量连续可调的低能正电子束流, 进一步实现了薄膜材料表面微观结构深度分布信息的实验表征. 本文综述了慢正电子束流技术应用研究的最新进展, 主要围绕北京慢正电子束流装置在金属/合金材料微观缺陷的研究中对微观缺陷特性的表征和表面微观缺陷演化行为的应用研究成果展开论述.     

Synergistic effect of iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition of steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 by new chalcone derivatives

The effect of addition of 4′,4-dihydroxychalcone (P₁), 4-aminochalcone (P₂) and 4-bromo, 4′-methoxychalcone (P₃) on the corrosion of steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid has been studied by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic and EIS measurements. We investigate the synergistic effect of iodide ions on the corrosion inhibition of steel in the presence of chalcone derivatives. The corrosion rates of the steel decrease with the increase of the chalcones concentration, while the inhibition efficiencies increase. The addition of iodide ions enhances the inhibition efficiency considerably. The presence of iodide ions increases the degree of surface coverage. The synergism parameters S_Θ and S_I, calculated from surface coverage and the values of inhibition efficiency, in the case of chalcone derivatives are found to be larger than unity. The enhanced inhibition efficiency in the presence of iodide ions is only due to synergism and there is a definite contribution from the inhibitors molecules. E (%) obtained from the various methods is in good agreement. Polarisation measurements show also that the compounds act as cathodic inhibitors.