Synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of several compounds with semi-fluorocarbon chains

Several molecules having long semi-fluoroalkyl chains have been synthesized, and their phase transition temperatures measured by texture observation in a polarizing microscope and DSC. The SmC phase is particularly favoured in this series, especially for compounds with a long semi-fluoroalkyl chain. It was found that when the terminal hydrogen atom of the semifluoroalkyl chain of one of the compounds (D) was substituted by a chlorine atom, the liquid crystalline sequence and ranges did not change; however, the clearing and melting points and T_I-SmA and T_SmA-SmC increased by nearly 10°C.     

The effect of a single atom in the terminal position of a fluorocarbon chain on liquid crystalline properties

Eight series of chiral compounds with semi-fluorocarbon chains have been synthesized. The compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹⁹F NMR and mass spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Their phase transition behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. Their clearing points increase with an increase of the length of fluorocarbon chain. For a certain compound, when the terminal hydrogen atom in the semi-fluoroalkyl chain was substituted by a chlorine atom, both the clearing point and melting point were increased, and the thermal stability of the chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase was enhanced. However, the clearing point decreased and the melting point increased with the introduction of a triple bond into the core.     

The synthesis and liquid crystal transition temperatures of some weakly polar nematic methyl (E)-[trans-4-substituted-cyclohexyl]-allyl ethers

We have introduced an oxygen atom and a carbon-carbon double bond with a trans-configuration (E) into the terminal alkyl chain of a wide variety of liquid crystalline cyclohexane derivatives to produce a variety of new methyl (E)-allyl ethers. The melting points and tendency to form smectic mesophases are often low, while nearly all of the compounds prepared exhibit a nematic phase. Thus, even two-ring derivatives can exhibit nematic phases over a wide temperature range (≤80°C), sometimes starting below room temperature (T_m≈10°C). Comparisons with the corresponding derivatives incorporating either just an oxygen atom or just a carbon-carbon double bond in the same position indicate that synergetic effects lead to broader nematic phases than would otherwise have been expected. Thus many of the new methyl (E)-allyl ethers exhibit nematic phases over a wider temperature range than the corresponding materials with an unsubstituted alkyl chain attached to the cyclohexyl ring. The new compounds are easily prepared from known starting materials. Many intermediates are themselves liquid crystalline. This allows investigation of the relationship between liquid crystal transition temperatures and the nature of the terminally substituted alkyl chain (for example, incorporating C=C, OH, CO₂C₂H₅ and OCH₃ groups).     

The influence of double bonds in the terminal chain of 2-ring compounds on the physical properties of S*c mixtures

We present the properties of S*_c mixtures containing new 2-ring 5-n-alkyl-2-(4-n-alkenyloxyphenyl)pyridines and pyrimidines with systematically varying positions and configurations of the double bond Trans configurations at odd positions (counting the number of atoms from the core including the oxygen and the first carbon atom of the double bond) suppress the S_A phase, increase the S*_c tilt angle, Θ, and the spontaneous polarization, P_s, and lead to long switching times τ. Cis configurations at even positions suppress the nematic phase in favour of smectic phases, decrease Θ and P_s, and shorten τ. Other positional configurational combinations strongly reduce the clearing point. Furthermore, our results indicate that the preferred conformation of the alkenyloxy chain consists of alternating cis and trans units.     

The first series of ferroelectric steroidal fluorinated liquid crystals

A series of cholesteryl p-perfluoroalkylphenyl carbonate (CPC) [C₂₇H₄₅OCO₂C₆H₄(CF₂)_nF, n=1,4,6,8] liquid crystals was synthesized and their phase transition behaviours were studied. The results show that the compounds containing a not too long perfluoroalkyl chain (n=6,8) have monotropic chiral smectic C phases.     

Synthesis, spectral and structural characterization of three zinc(II) azide complexes with aminopyrazine

The reaction between zinc(II) azide, Zn(N₃)₂ and aminopyrazine (ampyz) afforded the complexes: [Zn(N₃)₂(ampyz)₂] (1), [Zn(N₃)₂(ampyz)]_n (2) and [Zn₃(N₃)₆(ampyz)₂]_n (3). These complexes are characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The IR spectra of these compounds are measured and discussed. The structure of 1 consists of isolated tetrahedral zinc atom surrounded by two mono-dentate N-ampyz and two terminal azido ligands. Complex 2 features a zigzag chain of zinc centers in which each zinc is surrounded by alternate di-EO (end-on) and di-EE (end-to-end) azide bridges, the chain thus contains alternate four-membered Zn₂N₂ and eight-membered Zn₂(NNN)₂ rings. The two ampyz ligands are located in cis-arrangement and each of them further binds another zinc atom giving rise to a 3D network. Complex 3 contains two structurally different zinc atoms; the six-coordinate Zn(1) center links two di-EO azido bridges and two trans ampyz, thus having ZnN₆ chromophore. The five-coordinate Zn(2) center binds two di-EO bridging azido groups and the fifth position is occupied by an N atom from a bridging ampyz molecule. Both zinc centers, therefore participate in the formation of a 1D chain of cyclic Zn₂N₂ units. Each ampyz ligand binds another zinc atom via the second pyrazinic N atom giving another cross-chain and thus the structure consists of 2D sheets. In these three complexes the azido ligands of all types are asymmetric and linear within the experimental error.     

Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of 4-(4-bromopropyloxy)-4’-(4-alkyloxybenzylidene)anilines

This article describes the preparation and liquid crystalline properties of a new homologous series of 4-（4-bromopropyloxy）-4’- （4-alkyloxybenzylidene）anilines in which the phenyl ring is armed by a bromopropyloxy chain.The thermal behavior and mesomorphic properties of the synthesized compounds were studied with particular attention given to the correlation between their phase transition temperatures and anisotropic change influenced by molecular structure.All the members displayed enantiotropic smectic phase except for the homologue with the longest alkyloxy chain(R = C₁₈H₃₇),exhibiting only monotropic characteristic. The presence of bromine atom from the propyloxy side chain is found to be capable of altering and influencing the mesomorphic properties.     

投影解析法求直链烷烃内旋转时非键原子对间距离

用旋转投影解析几何的方法,计算了链烃分子链上相邻原子上的非键原子对间的距离r(φ_i),及相间原子上的非键原子对间的距离r(φ_i,φ₁₊₁.所得公式适用于链上不含双键的链状分子.     

Synthesis and frustrated phases of chiral liquid crystals derived from (R)-3-alkoxy-2-methylpropionic acids

A homologous series of chiral compounds, (R)-6-(3-alkoxy-2-methylpropionyloxy)-2-naphthyl 4-alkoxybenzoates, nMPNmB (n = 2-5, m = 6-13), derived from methyl (R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, was prepared for the study of mesormorphic phases. The mesophases were determined mainly by their microscopic textures and identified by the racemic modification. The results show that most of these compounds displayed frustrated phases BP, TGB_A* and TGB_C*, and the N*phase. Moreover, the thermal stability of the frustrated phases is significantly affected by the length of the alkyl chain in both achiral and chiral groups of the compounds. The spontaneous polarization in the TGB_C* phase of compounds nMPN10B in a surface-stabilized geometry was measured, giving P_s values of about 20 nC cm^-2.     

Banana-shaped molecules with 4,6-dichlorinated central core: effect of lateral substituents and terminal chains on the formation of antiferroelectric smectic mesophases

Six banana-shaped compounds with a central core based on a 4,6-dichloro-1,3-phenylene group were synthesized by varying the terminal chains (R = OC₁₀H₂₁ or OC₁₁H₂₁) and the lateral substituents (X = H, F or Cl). Their mesophases were characterized by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, triangular wave method, and X-ray diffractometry. Mesomorphic properties of the banana-shaped mesogens with an olefinic group (R = OC₁₁H₂₁) as a terminal chain are sensitive to lateral halogen substituents as much as those of the analogues with a saturated group (R = OC₁₀H₂₁). The compounds with X = F showed an antiferroelectric switchable smectic phase, which has been designated a B₂ phase. The compounds without a lateral halogen substituent only formed a nematic phase, while the compounds with X = Cl did not exhibit a mesophase in the melt.     

Synthesis and characterization of new ferroelectric liquid crystals containing a (2S)-2-[6-(4-hydroxybiphenyl-4'-carbonyloxy)-2'- naphthyl] propionate mesogenic group and oligo(oxyethylene) spacers

Three series of ferroelectric liquid crystals containing a (2S)-2-(6-(4-hydroxybiphenyl-4'-carbonyloxy)-2'-naphthyl)propionate mesogenic group and oligo(oxyethylene) spacers were synthesized. These obtained liquid crystal compounds were characterized by NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical polarized microscopy (POM), and X-ray powder diffraction measurements. Some of these materials containing four phenyl rings of ester cores (i.e. -Ph-Ph-COO-naph-) and chiral heptyl tail exhibited a rich mesomorphic behaviour, a blue phase (BP), a cholesteric phase (Ch), a smectic A (S_A), a twist grain boundary A (TGB_A), and a chiral smectic C (S_C*) phase. Another series containing four phenyl rings of ester cores and chiral butyl and pentyl chain tails revealed only a S_A phase and a S_C* phase. Moreover, a crystal E phase was observed in the short spacer chain (n = 0 or 1) homologues of three series of compounds. Also, the mesomorphism properties were discussed as a function of spacer units, numbers of aromatic rings of core, and different terminal asymmetric moieties.     

Two Coordination Compounds Bearing Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) Ether: Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Catalytic Application to the Henry Reaction

Two novel coordination compounds, namely [Cu₂(BDMAEE)(CH₃COO)₄]_n(1) and[Ni(BDMAEE)Cl₂](2)[BDMAEE=bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether], have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, PXRD and X-ray single crystal diffraction. In compound 1, the central Cu(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated with four oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom, forming a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The asymmetric units composed of one Cu(Ⅱ) ion, two acetates and a half of BDMAEE are connected to form an infinite 1D chain structure by the bridging acetate and the BDMAEE. In compound 2, the central Ni(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated with one oxygen atom, two chlorine anions and two nitrogen atoms, forming a distorted square pyramidal geometry. The compounds exhibited excellent catalytic properties in the Henry reaction of nitromethane with some aromatic aldehydes, and the optimized reaction conditions were obtained.     

Laterally substituted naphthalene-2,7-diol-based bent-shaped liquid crystals

Novel series of laterally 1-substitued (H, Cl, CH₃, CN, NO₂) naphthalene-2,7-diol based liquid crystals were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties identified using DSC studies, texture observation, X-ray investigations and electro-optical measurements. Depending on the chain length and type of lateral substitution, the compounds exhibit a variety of mesophases. In materials with short alkyl chains, the rectangular columnar B₁ phase was found. Increasing the alkyl chain length for the non-substituted core causes the appearance of the so-called B_N phase. In CH₃- and Cl-substituted compounds, the antiferroelectric B₂ phase (SmC_AP_A) was found. Introduction of the CN and NO₂ substituents led to the formation of the B₇ phase.     

TGBA phase in a series of propionates containing two stereocenters

A homologous series of chiral materials, (R)-2-pentyl (S)-2-(6-(4-(4'-alkoxyphenyl)benzoyloxy)-2-naphthyl)propionates (R,S)PmPBNP (m = 7-14), derived from a naphthalene ring as part of the core structure in conjunction with a chiral tail containing two stereocentres has been synthesized for the investigation. The twist grain boundary smectic A (TGB_A) and smectic C (TGB*_C) phases were characterized by the microscopic textures of compounds packed in two untreated glass slides, Cano wedge cell, or homogeneously aligned cell. It was found that the occurrence of these phases depend remarkably on the nature of alkyl chain length m; in the case of shorter alkyl chain length (m = 7-10), the TGB_A phase behaves as a metastable-like phase mediated between N and S_A phases in a short temperature range, whereas in the longer chain length (m' 11-14), both the TGB_A and TGB_C phases become thermodynamically stable phases with a wide temperature range. Consequently, this series of chiral materials resulted in two different mesophase sequences: N-TGB_A-S_A-S_Cand N-TGB_A-TGB_C. A kind of parquet texture displaying two types of domain with different relative directions of the smectic layer normal was found in the S phase from the materials (m = 9-14) packed in 2 μm homogeneously aligned cells and cooled down from the isotropic liquid without applying an electric field. The magnitudes of spontaneous polarization (P_s) in the S_C and TGB_C phases showed that the P_s values are nearly the same for all compounds at the same temperature below the Curie point. Dielectric measurements revealed no significant occurrence of soft mode switching in the TGB_A phase.     

Synthesis and liquid-crystalline properties of a homologous series of antiferroelectric liquid crystals and their respective racemates

New chiral, as well as racemic 1-methylalkyl terephthalidene-bis-aminocinnamates have been synthesized and their liquid-crystalline properties investigated. Generally, the chiral compounds possess the antiferroelectric S*_o phase, whereas in the homologous series of racemates, the appearance of the S_o phase depends on the length of the alkyl chain. For racemic compounds derived from 2-alkanols with an odd number of carbon atoms, a S_o phase is generally observed. On the other hand when the number of carbon atoms is even, a S_c phase occurs. Moreover, in racemic 1-methylbutyl terephthalidene-bis-aminocinnamate, a S_c-S_o-S_c reentrant phase sequence has been established.     

新型氯桥连一维链结构Cd(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成、 结构及蓝光性能

利用2-乙酰基吡啶(acpy) 和2-邻甲基苯胺在甲醇中回流反应得到新型希夫碱配体2-{1-[(2-甲基苯基) 亚氨基]-乙基}吡啶)(mpep) , 通过溶剂热法将acpy和mpep与氯化镉反应得到2种新型氯桥连一维之字链结构Cd(Ⅱ) 配位聚合物{[Cd(mpep) ]Cl₂}_n(配合物1)和{[Cd(acpy) ]Cl₂}_n(配合物2). 利用单晶X射线衍射、 核磁共振氢谱、 元素分析和红外光谱对配合物1和配合物2进行结构表征. 结果表明, 配合物1和配合物2均为一维之字链状结构. 在配合物1中, Cd与mpep配体中2个氮原子和4个氯原子配位, 呈六配位顺式八面体构型, 并通过2个Cl原子桥连形成一维之字链状结构. 在配合物2中, 中心金属Cd(Ⅱ) 与acpy中的氮原子、 氧原子和4个氯原子配位, 也呈六配位顺式八面体构型, 进一步通过Cl原子桥连相邻金属形成一维之字链状结构. 在3种不同极性的溶剂(CH₃OH, CH₃CN和 CH₂Cl₂)中, 两种配位聚合物均呈现蓝色荧光(390~433 nm) , 说明2种配位聚合物具有弱溶剂效应; 在固态室温下两种配位聚合物也呈现蓝色荧光, 最大发射波长分别为440和473 nm. 固态最大发射波长比溶液中红移的原因是分子中存在氢键, 降低了基态与激发态之间的能级差. 在室温下, 配合物1和配合物2在3种溶液和固态中均显示出较长的荧光寿命(19.08~60.20 μs) .     

十八烷基醚型高效液相反相色谱填料的制备

反相填料在生物学、化学和药物工业等领域应用广泛 ,大量新的性能优良的反相柱不断投入市场[1,2 ].反相固定相除选择烷基链长度在Ｃ1Ｃ18之间外 ,不同疏水配基及结构特征也可提供不同的选择性 .通常调节流动相的组成 ,可以实现对分离过程的优化 ,但在实际应用中 ,发展不同类型的柱可更有效地分离相似或相近的化合物[3 ,4].本文报道了一种制备Ｃ18烷基醚型反相ＨＰＬＣ填料的新工艺[5 ],并对所得填料进行了初步的色谱性能评价 .1　实验部分1 .1　试剂与仪器　自制球形硅胶 (Ｓｉｎｏｐａｋ Ｓ ,粒径 5μｍ ,平均孔径 1 1ｎｍ ,比表面积 1 70…     

Mesomorphic behaviour of praseodymium(III) alkanoates

In this paper, we describe the synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of praseodymium(III) alkanoates. The compounds have the stoichiometry [Pr(C_xH_2x+1COO)₃], where x = 5-19, and were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The thermal behaviour was investigated by hot-stage polarizing optical microscopy, DSC and high temperature X-ray diffraction. A highly viscous mesophase M and a smectic A phase were observed for the shorter chain compounds (x = 5-8), whereas only a smectic A phase was observed for the longer chain compounds of this type of metallomesogens. The chain length has a pronounced effect on the transition temperatures.     

Liquid crystalline properties of salicylaldimine-based dimers: influence of terminal alkyl chain length and central part

The synthesis and thermotropic properties of four homologous series of salicylaldimine-based dimer liquid crystals are reported. Two 4-(4-alkoxy-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)benzoyloxy groups are connected to a central part consisting of a 1,3-phenylene, 1,5-pentylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,5-pentylene or 3,3-dimethyl-1,5-pentylene unit. The terminal alkoxy chains have been varied from 4 to 16 carbon atoms in length. All the compounds exhibit liquid crystalline phases whose behaviour depends on the nature of the central part and the length of the alkoxy terminal chains. All compounds of the series with the central phenyl part exhibit enantiotropic B-phases, and the sequence B₆-B₁-B₂ on increasing terminal chain length was observed. Replacement of the phenyl group with a pentyl central group partly suppresses the formation of B-phases. The longer homologues of this series show the B₁ phase, while the shorter exhibit an intercalated SmC_c mesophase. The introduction of methyl substituents to the pentyl spacer causes the melting points to fall dramatically and the formation of B-phases is totally suppressed. The compounds with the long tails show intercalated SmA_c phases and those with short tails show intercalated SmC_c phases.     

Intramolekulare Basenkoordination je nach Bedarf: Der 1-(Dimethylaminoethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl-Ligand in der Komplexchemie von s-, p-, d- und f-Block-Elementen

The synthesis of cyclopentadienyl complexes containing the polydentate C₅Me₄(CH₂CH₂NMe₂) ligand is described. The compounds (C₅Me₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)₂M (M = Ca, Sm), (C₅Me₄CH₂CH₂ NMe₂)AIEt₂, [(C₅Me₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)M(CO)₂]₂ (M = Mo, Fe) and [(C₅Me₄CH₂CH₂NMe₂)Fe(CO)₂]⁺BF₄^± are obtained by standard procedures. Except for the dimeric metal carbonyls, all cyclopentadienyl compounds are characterized by an additional intramolecular coordination of the nitrogen atom in the side chain.