B2O3/TiO2-ZrO2催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应研究Ⅱ.焙烧温度的影响

采用XRD、FT-IR和NH3-TPD等方法，研究了载体预焙烧温度和催化剂活化焙烧温度对B2O3/TIO2-ZRO2催化剂的结构、酸性和催化环己酮肟气相Beckmann重排反应性能的影响。结果表明，在383-773K范围内，载体预烧温度对催化剂性能的影响不大，但经973K高温预焙烧后，由于生成了ZrTiO4晶相，使其与H3BO3的相互作用减弱，从而导致催化剂的酸性和反应性能降低，提高催化剂活化焙烧温度，有利于B2O3与TiO2-ZrO2的相互作用，生成更多的Beckmann重排反应所需的中等强度酸中心，使催化剂的活性和选择性提高；但活化焙烧温度过高，会使催化剂中大量的B2O3晶粒析出，引起酸中心数量和催化活性的明显下降。     

结构助剂SiO2、Al2O3对铁基催化剂浆态床F-T合成性能的影响

采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了微球状Fe/Cu/K/SiO2和Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂，研究SiO2和Al2O3作为结构助剂对铁基催化剂吸附行为、炭化行为及F-T合成反应性能的影响。表征结果表明,与Al2O3相比较，SiO2抑制了H2的吸附，但促进了CO的吸附，有利于催化剂的炭化。催化剂在260℃、1.5MPa、H2/CO=0.67和2000h-1下的浆态床F-T合成反应评价表明，Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂具有较高的F-T合成活性、高的水煤气变换反应（WGS）活性，且其烃产物选择性明显向高炭数方向偏移，而Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂则表现出较低的F-T合成活性、低的水煤气变换反应（WGS）活性和高的轻质烃选择性。但Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂比Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂具有更好的运行稳定性。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3的红外光谱研究

以四氯化锡、硫酸铝为原料，氨水为沉淀剂，采用共沉淀法制得新型固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3。采用FT-IR技术考察了金属元素摩尔比、焙烧温度、浸渍液以及掺杂稀土氧化物对该固体超强酸结构和性能的影响。兀：lR结果表明在该固体超强酸中，锡和硫酸根是以螯合和桥式两种方式配位结合，其中起催化活化作用的主要是和硫酸根以螯合双齿结合的锡；和SO4^2-／SnO2型超强酸相比，SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3超强酸的硫酸根FT-IR特征吸收峰发生蓝移，显示出更强的酸性。锡铝摩尔比为9：1、焙烧温度为773K、焙烧时间为3h时。制得的SO4^2-／SnO2-Al2O3样品对酯化反应的催化性能最好。     

配位聚合物{[MnL][FeⅡFeⅢ(ox)3·1.5H2O]}∞的合成及其磁学性质

合成和表征了一种新的Schiff碱配合物MnL(ClO4)*3H2O(1)(其中L为n(水杨醛)∶n(二乙撑三胺)=1∶1缩合而成的Schiff碱).1与FeSO4*7H2O和K3[Fe(ox)3]*3H2O(ox=oxalate)进一步反应,生成了双金属层状配位聚合物{[MnL][FeⅡFeⅢ(ox)3]*1.5H2O}∞(2).IR和Mssbauer谱测定结果表明,2具有二维层状结构,其阴离子层由[FeⅡFeⅢ(ox)3]-单元构成.变温磁化率(5K～100K)测试结果表明,2中的自旋载体之间存在反铁磁交换作用.5K时的磁滞现象表明2在低温时可能存在铁磁有序,这可能是亚铁磁或自旋倾斜造成的.     

以ZrO_2-Al_2O_3为载体的Co-Mo-K耐硫水煤气变换催化剂

采用沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了 Zr O2 - Al2 O3复合载体和 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂 .研究了 Zr O2 对 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响 .利用 XRD、BET、TG、XPS等手段对催化剂及其载体的结构、吸硫吸水性能和氧化还原性能进行了表征 .结果表明以 Zr O2 - Al2 O3代替传统的 γ- Al2 O3作为 Co- Mo- K耐硫变换催化剂的载体 ,可提高催化剂的活性 ,尤其是低温活性 ,并可改善催化剂的热稳定性、氧化还原性、吸硫和吸水性能     

O2/CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧与硫化反应研究

富氧燃烧技术是一种能够综合控制燃煤污染物排放的新型洁净燃烧技术。本文对O2/CO2气氛下煤燃烧流化床条件下的石灰石煅烧分解特性进行了热力学分析，并与热重试验结果进行了对比，得出石灰石的起始分解温度随O2/CO2气氛中CO2分压比的增大而增加，但增幅减小。结合小型流化床试验装置上煅烧与硫化反应过程中的石灰石样品的孔结构特性和可视化SEM分析，得出空气气氛和O2/CO2＝20/80气氛在煅烧与硫化反应过程中的孔结构特性差异很大：反应温度为1 123 K时，空气气氛下石灰石迅速分解，比表面积、孔隙率增大，硫化反应发生后孔堵塞导致比表面积、孔隙率减小；1 123 K的煅烧温度还不足以使O2/CO2＝20/80气氛下的石灰石分解，硫化反应过程中还伴随着石灰石的煅烧分解。     

硼族元素掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10光催化产氢性能的影响

通过溶胶.凝胶法制备了层状钙钛矿结构的K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂的K2La2Ti3O10,采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等对K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂K2La2Ti3O10进行表征.以I-为电子给体、分别在紫外和可见光辐射下研究了K2La2Ti3O10及硼族元素掺杂K2La2Ti3O10光催化分解水的产氢活性;采用第一性原理,计算了硼族元素掺杂对K2La2Ti3O10半导体能带结构和态密度的影响.从电子结构的变化揭示了掺杂引起光催化活性差异的原因.研究结果表明,硼族元素的掺入能够改善和提高K2La2Ti3O10的光解水产氢活性;在B,Al,Ga,In与Ti的物质的量的比为0.01:1的情况下,K2La2Ti3O10紫外光催化分解水产氢速率分别为151.7、119.6、155和119.2 umol·L-1·h-1,比K2La2Ti3O10掺杂改性前产氢速率分别提高了166%、110%、172%和109%,可见光分解水的产氢速率为67.0、60.5、55.0和50.0umol·L-1·h-1,分别为K2La2Ti3O10掺杂改性前产氢速率的4、3.7、3.3和3倍.     

R_2Ru_2O_7(R=Pr~(3+),Sm~(3+)～Ho~(3+))焦绿石结构系列钌氧化物的水热合成与性质表征

我们用温和水热法合成了系列的焦绿石结构氧化物R2Ru2O7(R=Pr3+,Sm3+～Ho3+).找到了最佳的反应条件,得到纯的产物,所有的样品是八面体的形貌.对样品进行了粉末X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线能谱等测试,讨论了水热条件下影响晶化的因素.我们发现,产物的纯度与投料的选择以及碱的浓度有着密切的关系.此外,我们也研究了产物的磁性,其中Sm2Ru2O7和Eu2Ru2O7分别在96K和80K发生ZFC和FC曲线分叉,说明在该温度下发生了由顺磁到反铁磁转变.水热法得到的样品的反铁磁转变温度比用高温固相法得到的样品的转变温度低.磁转变温度上的这种改变可能来源于水热合成的样品的独特的局域结构和含丰富氧的表面,这是水热反应得到的样品的一个重要特征.     

软化学法低温合成超细K2La2Ti3O10及其剥离性质

软化学法低温合成超细K2La2Ti3O10及其剥离性质;软化学法; K2La2Ti3O10 ; 酸交换; 剥离     

K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3-H2O四元体系288K的相平衡

水盐体系;碳酸盐;溶解度;盐湖卤水;K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3-H2O四元体系288K的相平衡     

High-pressure preparation,crystal structure,and properties of alpha-(RE)2B4O9 (RE=Eu,Gd, Tb,Dy): oxoborates displaying a new type of structure with edge-sharing BO4 tetrahedra

High-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 10 GPa and 1150 degrees C were used to synthesize the new rare-earth oxoborates alpha-(RE)(2)B(4)O(9) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. Single-crystal X-ray structure determination of alpha-(RE)(2)B(4)O(9) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb) revealed: C2/c, Z=20, alpha-Eu(2)B(4)O(9): a=2547.9(5), b=444.3(1), c=2493.8(5) pm, beta=99.82(3) degrees, R1=0.0277, wR2=0.0693 (all data); alpha-Gd(2)B(4)O(9): a=2539.0(1), b=443.3(1), c=2490.8(1) pm, beta=99.88(1) degrees, R1=0.0457, wR2=0.0643 (all data); alpha-Tb(2)B(4)O(9): a=2529.4(1), b=441.6(1), c=2484.3(1) pm, beta=99.88(1) degrees, R1=0.0474, wR2=0.0543 (all data). The isotypic compounds exhibit a new type of structure that is built up of BO(4) tetrahedra to form a network that incorporates the rare-earth cations. The most important feature is the existence of the new structural motif of edge-sharing BO(4) tetrahedra next to the known motif of corner-sharing BO(4) tetrahedra, which is realized in the presented compounds alpha-(RE)(2)B(4)O(9) (RE=Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) for the second time. Furthermore, we report the temperature-resolved in-situ powder-diffraction measurements, DTA, IR/Raman spectroscopic investigations, and magnetic properties of the new compounds.     

共沉淀法合成稀土正磷酸盐(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb)及其真空紫外光谱特性

采用共沉淀法制备了稀土正磷酸盐荧光粉(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+(RE=Eu,Tb).红外光谱分析发现GdPO4的红外光谱吸收峰与LaPO4一致,只是峰位向高波数方向移动.(La,Gd)PO4:RE3+的真空紫外光谱特性研究表明,Gd3+在能量传递过程中起中间体作用.XPS研究揭示,LaPO4的价带由O2-的2p能级构成,而GdPO4的价带则是由O2-的2p能级和Gd3+的4f能级共同构成.     

Photoluminescence of perovskite nanosheets prepared by exfoliation of layered oxides, K2Ln2Ti3O10, KLnNb2O7, and RbLnTa2O7 (Ln: lanthanide ion)

Luminescent perovskite nanosheets were prepared by exfoliation of single- or double-layered perovskite oxides, K2Ln2Ti3O10, KLnNb2O7, and RbLnTa2O7 (Ln: lanthanide ion). The thickness of the individual nanosheets corresponded to those of the perovskite block in the parent layered compounds. Intense red and green emissions were observed in aqueous solutions with Gd1.4Eu0.6Ti3O10- and La0.7Tb0.3Ta2O7-nanosheets, respectively, under UV illumination with energies greater than the corresponding host oxide band gap. The coincidence of the excitation spectrum and the band gap absorbance indicates that the visible emission results from energy transfer within the nanosheet. The red emission intensity of the Gd1.4Eu0.6Ti3O10-nanosheets was much stronger than that of the La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7-nanosheets reported previously. The strong emission intensity is a result of a two-step energy transfer cascade within the nanosheet from the Ti-O network to Gd(3+) and then to Eu(3+). The emission intensities of the Gd1.4Eu0.6Ti3O10- and La0.7Tb0.3Ta2O7-nanosheets can be modulated by applying a magnetic field (1.3-1.4 T), which brings about a change in orientation of the nanosheets in solution. The emission intensities increased when the excitation light and the magnetic field directions were perpendicular to each other, and they decreased when the excitation and magnetic field were collinear and mutually perpendicular to the direction of detection of the emitted light.     

Crystal growth, structural transitions, and magnetic properties of the fluorite-related osmates: Sm3OsO7, Eu3OsO7, and Gd3OsO7

The Ln3OsO7 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd) compounds were grown as single crystals from molten hydroxide fluxes. At temperatures above 235, 330, and 430 K, respectively, the Ln3OsO7 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd) compounds exist in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm. When they are cooled below these temperatures, the compounds undergo a structural phase transition from space group Cmcm to P2(1)nb. The structure transition results in a loss of lattice centering, a doubling of the b axis, a distortion of the vertex-shared Os-O chains, and a reduction in the coordination of one of the rare earth cations from 8-fold to 7-fold. Sm3OsO7 and Eu3OsO7 exhibit complex magnetic behavior below about 50 K, and Gd3OsO7 shows a ferromagnetic-like order at 34 K in applied fields of less than 10 kG.     

Eu2+离子在BaF2-xREF3体系中的f→f跃迁发射

研究了Eu²⁺离子在BaF_2-xREF₃体系中的荧光光谱结构,当RE=La,Gd,Y,Lu和Sc时,降低温度或适当改变基质中阳离子间摩尔比都观察到了EU²⁺的f→f跃迁尖峰发射。     

轻希土与2－噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮和1, 10－二氮杂菲配合物的合成及荧光光谱

本文采用溶剂萃取法和乙醇-水溶液析出法合成了六种轻希土与2-噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(HTTA)和1,10-二氮杂菲(phen)三元配合物.通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重及荧光光谱等测试手段,考察了配合物有关性质,并确定了其组成为RE(TTA)₃phen和RE(TTA)₃phen·H₂O(RE=La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu).     

APTES-modified RE2O3:Eu3+ luminescent beads: structure and properties

Europium-doped lanthanide oxide RE(2)O(3):Eu(3+) (RE = Y or Gd) luminescent beads, with a spherical shape and a diameter of 150 ± 15 nm, have been modified by reaction with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), in order to introduce reactive amine groups at their surfaces. The direct silanation has resulted in the formation of a nanometric layer at the surface of the beads, with an optimum grafting rate of 0.055 ± 0.005 mol APTES/mol RE(2)O(3). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies confirmed the condensation of an organosilane layer, made of cross-linked -O-Si-O-Si- and of groups -O-Si-R (with R = (CH(2))(3)NH(2) or O-Et). Titration of the accessible amine groups has been performed by simultaneously measuring the luminescence of grafted fluorescein isothiocyanate and that of core particles: there are about 2.3 × 10(4) (2.8 × 10(4)) -NH(2) per Y(2)O(3):Eu(3+) (Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+)) bead. The isoelectronic point was shifted by one pH unit after APTES modification. The surface modification by APTES at least preserved (for Gd(2)O(3):Eu(3+)) or improved (for Y(2)O(3):Eu(3+)) the red emission of the beads.     

Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒的制备与发光性能

在表面活性剂辅助的水热条件下合成出尺寸均一的Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒, 对其结构和荧光性质进行了表征, 并对其生长机理进行了初步讨论. XRD结果表明, 水热前驱体样品为六方晶相的Gd(OH)3, 经过灼烧之后样品为立方相的Gd2O3. TEM照片表明, 所得样品为直径60 nm、长度约600 nm的纳米棒. 荧光光谱表明, 在波长为254 nm 的紫外光激发下, Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒产生了不同于前驱体的特征红光发射, 对应于Eu3+ 的5D0-7F2跃迁, 表明Gd2O3是红色发光材料的良好基质.     

Rationalization of the lanthanide-ion-driven magnetic properties in a series of 4f-5d cyano-bridged chains

Magnetic properties of new d-f cyanido-bridged 1D assemblies [RE(pzam)(3)(H(2)O)W(CN)(8)]·H(2)O (RE(III) = Gd, 1, Tb, 2, Dy, 3; pzam = pyrazine-2-carboxamide) were studied by temperature- and field-dependent magnetization measurements. No evidence for 3D interchain magnetic ordering is found above 2 K. Multiconfiguration ab initio calculations and subsequent modeling afforded simulation of the weak zero-field splitting effect in 1 and discussion of magnetic anisotropy in the f units of compounds 2 and 3. A semiquantitative corroboration with the experimental magnetic measurements is presented, performing the simulation of magnetic susceptibility vs temperature and magnetization vs field variation. The association into molecular and supramolecular architectures is analyzed by means of energy decomposition subsequent to the DFT calculations on idealized molecular models extracted from the experimental chain structure.     

Multiple magnetic phase transitions,dilute Fe hyperfine fields and europium valence instabilities in RMn2Si2-xGex,R=rare earth

Mössbauer studies of dilute⁵⁷Fe and¹⁵¹Eu in RMn₂Si_2-xGe_x (R=La, Sm, Eu and Gd) at temperatures 4.2 K to 480 K have been performed. The diamagnetic iron and europium reveal the magnetic order of the Mn and rare earth sublattices through transferred hyperfine interactions. The⁵⁷Fe studies show that in LaMn₂Si₂, LaMn₂Ge₂, and SmMn₂Ge₂ the Mn is magnetically ordered above the known Curie temperatures, and the compounds are antiferromagnets up to T_N=470 K, 415 K and 385 K respectively. Studies of¹⁵¹Eu in R_1-xEu_xMn₂Si₂, (R=La, Gd) display Eu subspectra corresponding to Eu²⁺, Eu³⁺ and intermediate valant Eu. All display large magnetic hyperfine fields.