健康教育对防治儿童铅中毒作用的研究

为评价健康教育对防治儿童铅中毒的效果，将１１４名血铅（ＢＰｂ）≥１００μｇ／Ｌ的４￣７岁儿童及其家长随机分为健康教育组（Ａ组）和对照组（Ｂ组），对Ａ组家长进行多种形式的健康教育，Ｂ组无任何干预措施。研究期为四个月。期初和期末对家长进行两次“儿童健康及行为问卷”调查。研究结果时所有儿童复测ＢＰｂ一次。结果表明，首次问卷中Ａ组家长知识水平正确率低于Ｂ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），余两项的正确率差异无显著性意义（     

韶关市学龄前儿童血铅与身高体质量关系的初步研究

为探讨韶关市学龄前儿童血铅水平及其对儿童身高、体质量的影响，随机抽取1128名2～6岁儿童为调查对象，测定其身高、体质量，并分别换算成z标准分；采指端末梢血20止，用钨舟原子吸收光谱法，测定血铅水平。结果显示，2～6岁1128名儿童均值97．9μg/L，几何均值82．1μg/L，铅中毒率39．89％，血铅水平及铅中毒率，男、女童无显著差异；血铅值与身高呈显著性负相关，随着年龄的增加，其相关系数减少；在6岁前，血铅值与体质量呈显著性负相关；高血铅组（≥100μg／L）女童体质量、身高z分显著低于低血铅组；男童体质量Z分显著低于低血铅组。提示年龄越小，铅暴露对儿童身高、体质量发育的损害越大；其中对女童的影响较明显。     

顺德杏坛地区儿童血铅水平调查分析

用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了顺德杏坛地区城乡间共600名0～6岁儿童的血铅含量,并对血铅水平及高血铅率进行了统计分析。结果表明,受测儿童的平均血铅水平为68．79μg／L,高血铅率为13．33％。城乡间儿童血铅水平和高血铅率均存在显著差异,城镇儿童血铅水平为79．19μg／L,高血铅率为16．67％;农村儿童血铅水平为58．38μg／L,高血铅率为10．00％。同一地区不同性别间的血铅水平和高血铅率则无显著差异。     

儿童哮喘与血铅水平关系的研究

目的 :为探讨儿童铅中毒与哮喘的相互关系。方法 :采用电感耦合高频等离子体原子发射光谱法对 66例哮喘患儿及 60例健康儿童进行了血铅含量检测。结果 :( 1 )哮喘患儿血铅水平明显高于正常对照组 ;( 2 )血铅水平与哮喘严重度为正相关 ,r=0 0 93 ,P <0 0 5 ;( 3 )哮喘组与对照组儿童血铅水平t检验 ,有显著性差异 ,t=2 1 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :儿童哮喘存在着血铅水平升高 ,两者可能互为因果关系     

沈阳市3～6岁儿童铅污染流行情况及对行为发育的影响

为了解沈阳市 3～ 6岁儿童血铅水平、铅污染流行情况及特征 ,采用石墨炉原子吸收方法对本市 1 0 84名 3～ 6岁儿童进行血铅含量测定 ,根据美国疾病控制中心 1 991年标准将血铅水平分为六级 ,观察了不同程度铅污染与儿童行为发育的关系。结果表明 ,血铅水平为 1 0 0 1 4± 39 83μg L ,铅污染流行率为 4 4 4 6 %。儿童铅污染程度与儿童行为发育异常呈正相关。揭示我市 3～ 6岁儿童血铅水平仍处于较高水平 ,铅污染以轻度为主 ,铅污染可影响儿童行为发育     

惠东县乡镇学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

为了解惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平。采取随机与特定结合的方法,于2 0 0 4年1 0月～1 1月对惠东县5个乡镇的790名3～6岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定。检测采用全国统一的BH -2 1 0 0钨舟原子吸收仪及随机专用试剂进行。所有操作均严格按照要求进行。结果表明,惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平为(70 70±2 4 89) μg/L达到我国近年来5 2个调查结果所示的普通市区儿童血铅水平70～90 μg/L的下限。其中高于国际儿童铅中毒标准占9 6%。儿童的血铅水平存在明显的区域差异,制鞋工业乡镇较高。同时儿童血铅水平存在着性别差异。男童较女童偏高。提示不能忽视乡镇儿童铅污染情况,尤其是制鞋工业乡镇的儿童高血铅水平应引起有关部门重视。     

弱视儿童血铅测定情况分析

探讨了血铅水平与儿童弱视的关系。分别检测了弱视儿童42例及正常对照儿童30例的血铅水平。结果表明,弱视组铅中毒人数明显高于正常组,差异有显著性。提示铅中毒儿童具有视觉发育障碍的高风险性,应重视患和的眼科随访工作,防治弱视。     

宁波市江东区1～6岁儿童血铅水平调查

随机抽取了宁波江东区１ ～６ 岁的散居儿童和集居儿童１０７０ 名, 其中男５４９ 名, 女５２１名, 于１９９９ 年１ 月至６ 月进行了静脉血铅测定。结果显示, 江东区１ ～６ 岁儿童血铅为０－４８８ ±０－１０６ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ, 儿童血铅浓度≥０－４８３ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ 者, 占总调查人数的４７－１ ％ 。不同年龄的血铅水平及不同性别的血铅水平虽略有差异, 但经统计学分析, 无显著差异。从血铅水平的等级分布分析, 血铅水平在１００ ～１４９－９ μｇ／Ｌ 者, 占９３－８ ％ , 血铅水平在１５０ ～１９９－９ ％ μｇ／Ｌ 者, 占６－１ ％ 。通过血铅检测, 对早期发现的高血铅儿童进行及时的个体干预是非常重要的, 也是预防儿童铅中毒的重要途径。     

湖南省湘潭市1038例儿童血铅调查

于 2 0 0 0年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 6月在湖南省湘潭市对 1 0 38例 1～ 8岁儿童进行了血铅抽样调查。结果显示 2 85例儿童血铅 >1 0 0 μg/L ,占调查人数的 2 7 7%。男女童之间血铅水平无显著差异P >0 0 5。高血铅年龄分布在 2岁组、 6岁年龄组 ,与其他年龄组比较有显著差异P <0 0 5。工业区儿童血铅水平高于市中心区P <0 0 1 ,农村郊区儿童血铅水平最低。本调查为湖南湘潭地区环境治理提供了科学依据。     

360名儿童血铅和血锌的检测及相关性分析

铅和锌是微量元素中对人体特别是儿童的生长发育有很大影响的因素。随机检测了 6间幼儿园 3 60名 3～ 6岁儿童的血锌和血铅含量水平 ,血铅 >0 1 μg/mL的儿童占 2 7 2 2 %。对高铅儿童的血锌水平与血铅正常儿童的血锌水平进行相关性比较 ,在分年龄组的比较中 ,3岁组与 6岁组存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;在分性别的比较中 ,男童的血锌水平存在显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.