圆周上有4周期轨的连续自映射的周期集

讨论了圆周上有4周期轨的连续自映射的周期集.首先按相对共轭以及相对同伦的关系对圆周上所有有4周期轨的连续自映射分类,再利用映射覆盖图来讨论每一类映射的周期集.最后按同伦最小周期集对圆周上所有有4周期轨的连续自映射进行了分类.将此结果与线段上的Sharkovskii定理对比时可以发现,几乎所有圆周上有4周期轨的连续自映射的周期集都是全体自然数集.     

Rotation Numbers of Discontinuous Orientation-Preserving Circle Maps

We extend a few well-known results about orientation preserving homeomorphisms of the circle to orientation preserving circle maps, allowing even an infinite number of discontinuities. We define a set-valued map associated to the lift by filling the gaps in the graph, that shares many properties with continuous functions. Using elementary set-valued analysis, we prove existence and uniqueness of the rotation number, periodic limit orbit in the case when the latter is rational, and Cantor structure of the unique limit set when the rotation number is irrational. Moreover, the rotation number is found to be continuous with respect to the set-valued extension if we endow the space of such maps with the Haussdorff topology on the graph. For increasing continuous families of such maps, the set of parameter values where the rotation number is irrational is a Cantor set (up to a countable number of points).     

A Decomposition of Markov Processes via Group Actions

We study a decomposition of a general Markov process in a manifold invariant under a Lie group action into a radial part (transversal to orbits) and an angular part (along an orbit). We show that given a radial path, the conditioned angular part is a nonhomogeneous Lévy process in a homogeneous space, we obtain a representation of such processes and, as a consequence, we extend the well-known skew-product of Euclidean Brownian motion to a general setting.      

Examples of attracting sets of birkhoff type

We discuss an explicit example of a map of the plane R ² with a nontrivial attracting set. In particular, we are concerned with the concept of rotation number introduced by Poincaré for maps of the circle and its subsequent extension by Birkhoff to maps of the annulus. The use of rotation number allows nontrivial attractors to be distinguished. The map we discuss has an attracting set containing a set of orbits with infinitely many different rotation numbers. We obtain the map by considering an Euler iteration of a family of vector fields originally described by Arnold and find that the resulting Euler map undergoes some bifurcations which are analogous to those of the family of vector fields. Specifically, there are Hopf bifurcations where changes of stability of a fixed point result in the creation of an attracting circle. The circle which grows from the fixed point is then shown to undergo structural changes giving nontrivial attracting sets. This arises from Euler map behaviour for which the corresponding vector field behaviour is a heteroclinic saddle connection. It is possible to give an explicit trapping region for the Euler map which contains the attracting set and to describe some of its properties. Finally, an analogy is drawn with attracting sets which arise for forced oscillators.     

Double-pulse cotangential transfers between coplanar elliptic orbits

The geometric characteristics of double-impulse cotangential transfers between coplanar elliptic orbits, which are used to investigate of such transfers, are given. Each argument is accompanied by the development of a corresponding geometric algorithm which illuminates the mechanical problem from a geometric point of view, imparting the clarity to it which is characteristic of a geometric concept. A general method of investigation is developed based on a comparison of the behaviour of a cotangential transfer with an excentre of the transfer orbit which is joined to the excentres of the given elliptic orbits (an excentre is a circle constructed on the major axis of the ellipse which is its diameter). The cotangential transfer trajectory parameters and the values of the velocity pulses controlling the motion of the spacecraft during the transfer are determined in explicit form and depend on the parameters of the specified orbits and the true anomaly of the point of application of the first velocity pulse.     

On groups of hyperbolic length

We investigate the recently introduced notion of rotation numbers for periodic orbits of interval maps. We identify twist orbits, that is those orbits that are the simplest ones with given rotation number. We estimate from below the topological entropy of a map having an orbit with given rotation number. Our estimates are sharp: there are unimodal maps where the equality holds. We also discuss what happens for maps with larger modality. In the Appendix we present a new approach to the problem of monotonicity of entropy in one-parameter families of unimodal maps. This work was partially done during the first author’s visit to IUPUI (funded by a Faculty Research Grant from UAB Graduate School) and his visit to MSRI (the research at MSRI funded in part by NSF grant DMS-9022140) whose support the first author acknowledges with gratitude. The second author was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9305899, and his gratitude is as great as that of the first author.     

Rotation nombers for measure-valued circle maps

The weak and strong topologies on the space of orbits from the unit interval to the set of probability measures are considered. A particular interest is periodic orbits of probability measures on the circle. It is shown that a realvalued rotation number can be defined in a natural way for all smooth enough orbits whose range consists of probability measures supported on the whole circle. Furthermore, this number is a continuous functional with respect to an appropriately defined strong topology. The completion of this space contains as a special case deterministic orbits, whose rotation number is an integer, coinciding with the topological degree.     

Isotropic foliations of coadjoint orbits from the Iwasawa decomposition

Let G be a noncompact real semisimple Lie group. The set of regular coadjoint orbits of G can be partitioned according to a finite set of types. We show that on each regular orbit, the Iwasawa decomposition induces a left-invariant foliation which is isotropic with respect to the Kirillov symplectic form. Moreover, the leaves are affine subspaces of the dual of the Lie algebra, and the dimension of the leaves depends only on the type of the orbit. When G is a split real form, the foliations induced from the Iwasawa decomposition are actually Lagrangian fibrations with a global transverse Lagrangian section.     

Distributional chaos and spectral decomposition on the circle

Schweizer and Smı́tal [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 344 (1994) 737–754] introduced the notion of distributional chaos for continuous maps of the interval. In this paper we show that similar results, up to natural modifications, are valid for the continuous mappings of the circle. Thus any such map has a finite spectrum, which is generated by the map restricted to a finite collection of basic sets, and any scrambled set in the sense of Li and Yorke has a decomposition into three subsets (on the interval into two subsets) such that the distribution function generated on any such subset is bounded from below by a distribution function from the spectrum. While the results are similar, the original argument is not applicable directly and needs essential modifications.     

On critical circle homeomorphisms

We prove that an analytic circle homeomorphism without periodic orbits is conjugated to the linear rotation by a quasi-symmetric map if an only if its rotation number is of constant type. Next, we consider automorphisms of quasi-conformal Jordan curves, without periodic orbits and holomorphic in a neighborhood. We prove a Denjoy theorem that such maps are conjugated to a rotation on the circle.Dedicated to the memory of R. MañéPartially supported by NSF grant DMS-9704368 and the Sloan Foundation.     

Numerical approximation of homoclinic chaos

Transversal homoclinic orbits of maps are known to generate a Cantor set on which a power of the map conjugates to the Bernoulli shift on two symbols. This conjugacy may be regarded as a coding map, which for example assigns to a homoclinic symbol sequence a point in the Cantor set that lies on a homoclinic orbit of the map with a prescribed number of humps. In this paper we develop a numerical method for evaluating the conjugacy at periodic and homoclinic symbol sequences in a systematic way. The approach combines our previous method for computing the primary homoclinic orbit with the constructive proof of Smale's theorem given by Palmer. It is shown that the resulting nonlinear systems are well conditioned uniformly with respect to the characteristic length of the symbol sequence and that Newton's method converges uniformly too when started at a proper pseudo orbit. For the homoclinic symbol sequences an error analysis is given. The method works in arbitrary dimensions and it is illustrated by examples. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dynamical Systems Related to Fractional Hamiltonians on the Two-Dimensional Sphere

We consider a class of fractional Hamiltonian systems generalizing the classical problem of motion in a central field. Our analysis is based on transforming an integrable Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom on the plane into a dynamical system that is defined on the sphere and inherits the integrals of motion of the original system. We show that in the four-dimensional space of structural parameters, there exists a one-dimensional manifold (containing the case of the planar Kepler problem) along which the closedness of the orbits of all finite motions and the third Kepler law are preserved. Similarly, there exists a one-dimensional manifold (containing the case of the two-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator) along which the closedness of the orbits and the isochronism of oscillations are preserved. Any deformation of orbits on these manifolds does not violate the hidden symmetry typical of the two-dimensional isotropic oscillator and the planar Kepler problem. We also consider two-dimensional manifolds on which all systems are characterized by the same rotation number for the orbits of all finite motions.Deceased     

Method for Computer Simulation of Chaotic and Complex Periodic Oscillations

The possibility of constructing chaotic and complex periodic orbits of desired configurations is demonstrated on one-dimensional discontinuous maps. With appropriately located discontinuity, these maps can generate a rich selection of specific orbits with long laminar segments. A simple method is proposed to determine the features of the orbit obtained. This technique, applied to special maps with a horizontal linear branch, allows us to generate a great variety of stable periodic orbits with a specified future by only small variations of the map control parameter.     

Existence of infinite non-Birkoff periodic orbits for area-preserving monotone twist maps of cylinders

The exact monotone twist map of infinite cylinders in the Birkhoff region of instability is studied. A variational method based on Aubry-Mather theory is used to discover infinitely many non-Birkhoff periodic orbits of fixed rotation number sufficiently close to some irrational number for which the angular invariant circle does not exist.     

A method of Fourier series for solution of problems in piecewise inhomogeneous domains with rectilinear crack (screen)

In the framework of the theory of harmonic functions, potentials of steady state processes (heat conduction, filtration, or electrostatics) in the piecewise inhomogeneous plane separated by a rectilinear strongly permeable crack or by a weakly permeable screen into two half-planes with quadratic permeability functions are constructed. The motion is induced by given singular points of the potential (sources, sinks, etc.). Compact formulas that directly express potentials in these domains in terms of harmonic functions are obtained; the resulting functions map the set of harmonic functions to the set of potentials conserving the type of singularities.     

An analogue to the Smale—Birkhoff homoclinic theorem for iterated entire mappings

Summary A snapback repeller of an analytic mapping is defined as a full orbit which tends to an unstable fixed point backwards in time and snaps back to the same fixed point. This note gives a rather elementary proof that unstable periodic orbits accumulate near snapback repellers. The proof is entirely selfcontained and uses only standard elementary tools. We exploit that the global semiconjugacy of the entire analytic map to a linear map is itself an entire analytic function and apply the Theorem of Rouché to its zeros. We also generalize Marotto's result about the chaotic motion near a snapback repeller to include the degenerate case.     

一类双面碰撞振子的对称性尖点分岔与混沌

讨论了一类单自由度双面碰撞振子的对称型周期n-2运动以及非对称型周期n-2运动．把映射不动点的分岔理论运用到该模型,并通过分析对称系统的Poincaré映射的对称性,证明了对称型周期运动只能发生音叉分岔．数值模拟表明:对称系统的对称型周期n-2运动,首先由一条对称周期轨道通过音叉分岔形成具有相同稳定性的两条反对称的周期轨道;随着参数的持续变化,两条反对称的周期轨道经历两个同步的周期倍化序列各自生成一个反对称的混沌吸引子．如果对称系统演变为非对称系统,非对称型周期n-2运动的分岔过程可用一个两参数开折的尖点分岔描述,音叉分岔将会演变为一支没有分岔的分支以及另外一个鞍结分岔的分支．     

Proper Holomorphic Maps from Domains in ?2 with Transverse Circle Action

The authors consider proper holomorphic mappings between smoothly bounded pseudoconvex regions in complex 2-space, where the domain is of finite type and admits a transverse circle action. The main result is that the closure of each irreducible component of the branch locus of such a map intersects the boundary of the domain in the union of finitely many orbits of the group action.     

Proper Holomorphic Maps from Domains in C2 with Transverse Circle Action

The authors consider proper holomorphic mappings between smoothly bounded pseudoconvex regions in complex 2-space,where the domain is of finite type and admits a transverse circle action.The main result is that the closure of each irreducible component of the branch locus of such a map intersects the boundary of the domain in the union of finitely many orbits of the group action.     

La dynamique des pseudogroupes de rotations

Summary We study dynamical systems on the circle generated by a finite number of partially defined rotations. We construct new examples with all orbits dense (this leads to non-simplicial free actions of free groups on -trees). We study the generic dynamics for these pseudogroups and their 1-parameter families. We show that, in suitable 2-parameter families, the set of pseudogroups having a dense orbit is a Sierpiski curve. We generalize results on interval exchange transformations obtained by Boshernitzan, Veech, Rips.

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Oblatum I-1991 & 10-III-1993