Homoclinic connections and numerical integration

One of the best known mechanisms of onset of chaotic motion is breaking of heteroclinic and homoclinic connections. It is well known that numerical integration on long time intervals very often becomes unstable (numerical instabilities) and gives rise to what is called “numerical chaos”. As one of the initial steps to discuss this phenomenon, we show in this paper that Euler's finite difference scheme does not preserve homoclinic connections. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis of a Shil’nikov Type Homoclinic Bifurcation

The bifurcation associated with a homoclinic orbit to saddle-focus including a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues is investigated by using related homoclinic bifurcation theory. It is proved that, in a neighborhood of the homoclinic bifurcation value, there are countably infinite saddle-node bifurcation values, period-doubling bifurcation values and double-pulse homoclinic bifurcation values. Also, accompanied by the Hopf bifurcation, the existence of certain homoclinic connections to the periodic orbit is proved.     

Bounded traveling waves of the Burgers-Huxley equation

In order to investigate bounded traveling waves of the Burgers-Huxley equation, bifurcations of codimension 1 and 2 are discussed for its traveling wave system. By reduction to center manifolds and normal forms we give conditions for the appearance of homoclinic solutions, heteroclinic solutions and periodic solutions, which correspondingly give conditions of existence for solitary waves, kink waves and periodic waves, three basic types of bounded traveling waves. Furthermore, their evolutions are discussed to investigate the existence of other types of bounded traveling waves, such as the oscillatory traveling waves corresponding to connections between an equilibrium and a periodic orbit and the oscillatory kink waves corresponding to connections of saddle-focus.     

Dressing procedure for some homoclinic connections of the Manakov system

The dressing procedure is used to obtain explicit expressions for homoclinic connections of unstable plane waves of the Manakov system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations.     

DISSIPATIVE SCHEMES WITH PROPERTY OF INHERITING HOMOCLINIC ORBITS FOR 2N-DIMENSIONAL HAMILTONIAN SYSTEMS

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｔｏｓｔｕｄｙｗｈａｔｋｉｎｄｏｆｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅｓｃｈｅｍｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ 2ｎ ｄｉｍｅｎ ｓｉｏｎａｌＨａｍｉｌｔｏｎｉａｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｗｉｔｈｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｉｎｎｏｒｍａｌｆｏｒｍ ｕ=Ｊ2ｎ Ｈ ｕＴ,　　Ｈ =Ｈ(ｕ ,λ) ,(1 )ｗｈｅｒｅｕ∈Ｒ2ｎ,λ∈Ｒ ,Ｈ∈Ｃｋ+1(Ｒ2ｎ×Ｒ ,Ｒ) ,ｋ≥ 6,ａｎｄＪ2ｎ =0Ｉｎ-Ｉｎ 0 ,Ｉｎ:ｕｎｉｔｍａｔｒｉｘｏｆｏｒｄｅｒｎｈａｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｆｉｎｈｅｒｉｔｉｎｇｈｏｍ…     

On the non-existence of homoclinic orbits for a class of infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems

We prove that for a class of infinite dimensional Hamiltonian systems certain homoclinic connections to the origin cease to exist when the non-linearities have `super-critical' growth. The proof is based on a variational principle and a Poho\v{z}aev type identity.

     

Homoclinic Connections of Unstable Plane Waves of the Long-Wave–Short-Wave Equations

A Bäcklund transformation is obtained for unstable plane wave solutions of the long-wave–short-wave resonance equations that appear in continuum mechanics. Explicit expressions for the periodic homoclinic connections that arise from the instabilities are constructed by evaluating the transform at double points of the Floquet spectral curve.     

Homoclinic and Periodic Orbits Arising Near the Heteroclinic Cycle Connecting Saddle-focus and Saddle Under Reversible Condition

In this paper, we study the dynamical behavior for a 4-dimensional reversible system near its heteroclinic loop connecting a saddle-focus and a saddle. The existence of infinitely many reversible 1-homoclinic orbits to the saddle and 2-homoclinic orbits to the saddle-focus is shown. And it is also proved that, corresponding to each 1-homoclinic （resp. 2-homoclinic） orbit F, there is a spiral segment such that the associated orbits starting from the segment are all reversible 1-periodic （resp. 2-periodic） and accumulate onto F. Moreover, each 2-homoclinic orbit may be also accumulated by a sequence of reversible 4-homoclinic orbits.     

Critical homoclinic orbits lead to snap-back repellers

When nondegenerate homoclinic orbits to an expanding fixed point of a map f:X→X,X⊆Rⁿ, exist, the point is called a snap-back repeller. It is known that the relevance of a snap-back repeller (in its original definition) is due to the fact that it implies the existence of an invariant set on which the map is chaotic. However, when does the first homoclinic orbit appear? When can other homoclinic explosions, i.e., appearance of infinitely many new homoclinic orbits, occur? As noticed by many authors, these problems are still open. In this work we characterize these bifurcations, for any kind of map, smooth or piecewise smooth, continuous or discontinuous, defined in a bounded or unbounded closed set. We define a noncritical homoclinic orbit and a homoclinic orbit of an expanding fixed point is structurally stable iff it is noncritical. That is, only critical homoclinic orbits are responsible for the homoclinic explosions. The possible kinds of critical homoclinic orbits will be also investigated, as well as their dynamic role.     

Transversality in scalar reaction-diffusion equations on a circle

We prove that stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic periodic orbits for general scalar reaction-diffusion equations on a circle always intersect transversally. The argument also shows that for a periodic orbit there are no homoclinic connections. The main tool used in the proofs is Matano's zero number theory dealing with the Sturm nodal properties of the solutions.     

Limit cycles near generalized homoclinic and double homoclinic loops in piecewise smooth systems

In this paper, we study the bifurcation of limit cycles in piecewise smooth systems by perturbing a piecewise Hamiltonian system with a generalized homoclinic or generalized double homoclinic loop. We first obtain the form of the expansion of the first Melnikov function. Then by using the first coefficients in the expansion, we give some new results on the number of limit cycles bifurcated from a periodic annulus near the generalized (double) homoclinic loop. As applications, we study the number of limit cycles of a piecewise near-Hamiltonian systems with a generalized homoclinic loop and a central symmetric piecewise smooth system with a generalized double homoclinic loop.     

The loop quantities and bifurcations of homoclinic loops

The stability and bifurcations of a homoclinic loop for planar vector fields are closely related to the limit cycles. For a homoclinic loop of a given planar vector field, a sequence of quantities, the homoclinic loop quantities were defined to study the stability and bifurcations of the loop. Among the sequence of the loop quantities, the first nonzero one determines the stability of the homoclinic loop. There are formulas for the first three and the fifth loop quantities. In this paper we will establish the formula for the fourth loop quantity for both the single and double homoclinic loops. As applications, we present examples of planar polynomial vector fields which can have five or twelve limit cycles respectively in the case of a single or double homoclinic loop by using the method of stability-switching.     

Remarks on homoclinic structure in Bogdanov-Takens map

It is known that in the Bogdanov–Takens map there exists a zone of transversal homoclinic intersections bounded by two curves of homoclinic tangencies. In this paper, we derive an improved asymptotic formula for the homoclinic parameter values of the BT map. We compare two methods to approximate the Bogdanov–Takens map by the time-1 flow of a vector-field, and find that they are equivalent. We show that it is essential to include the second-order terms w.r.t. the parameters to obtain a more accurate asymptotic for the homoclinic zone. We show how to use this new homoclinic asymptotic to compute branches of homoclinic tangencies in the BT map numerically, obtaining the whole homoclinic structure of the Bogdanov–Takens map.     

On bifurcations of multidimensional diffeomorphisms having a homoclinic tangency to a saddle-node

We study the main bifurcations of multidimensional diffeomorphisms having a nontransversal homoclinic orbit to a saddle-node fixed point. On a parameter plane we build a bifurcation diagram for single-round periodic orbits lying entirely in a small neighborhood of the homoclinic orbit. Also, a relation of our results to the well-known codimension one bifurcations of a saddle fixed point with a quadratic homoclinic tangency and a saddle-node fixed point with a transversal homoclinic orbit is discussed.     

Homoclinic solutions for Davey-Stewartson equation

In this paper, we firstly prove the existence of homoclinic solutions for Davey-Stewartson I equation (DSI) with the periodic boundary condition. Then we obtain a set of exact homoclinic solutions by the novel method-Hirota’s method. Moreover, the structure of homoclinic solutions has been investigated. At the same time, we give some numerical simulations which validate these theoretical results.     

伴随超临界分支的通有同宿轨道分支

本文研究具有非双曲奇点的高维系统在小扰动下的同宿轨道分支问题,通过在未扰同宿轨道邻域建立局部坐标系,导出系统在新坐标系下的Poincare映射,对伴随超临界分支的通有同宿轨道的保存及分支出周期轨道的情况进行了讨论,推广和改进了一些文献的结果.     

Transverse intersections between invariant manifolds of doubly hyperbolic invariant tori, via the Poincaré-Mel’nikov method

We consider a perturbation of an integrable Hamiltonian system having an equilibrium point of elliptic-hyperbolic type, having a homoclinic orbit. More precisely, we consider an (n + 2)-degree-of-freedom near integrable Hamiltonian with n centers and 2 saddles, and assume that the homoclinic orbit is preserved under the perturbation. On the center manifold near the equilibrium, there is a Cantorian family of hyperbolic KAM tori, and we study the homoclinic intersections between the stable and unstable manifolds associated to such tori. We establish that, in general, the manifolds intersect along transverse homoclinic orbits. In a more concrete model, such homoclinic orbits can be detected, in a first approximation, from nondegenerate critical points of a Mel’nikov potential. We provide bounds for the number of transverse homoclinic orbits using that, in general, the potential will be a Morse function (which gives a lower bound) and can be approximated by a trigonometric polynomial (which gives an upper bound).     

Codiagonalization of Matrices and Existence of Multiple Homoclinic Solutions

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we use Lagrange''s method and the generalized eigenvalue problem to study systems of two quadratic equations. We find exact conditions so the system can be codiagonalized and can have up to $4$ solutions. Second, we use this result to study homoclinic bifurcations for a periodically perturbed system. The homoclinic bifurcation is determined by $3$ bifurcation equations. To the lowest order, they are $3$ quadratic equations, which can be simplified by the codiagonalization of quadratic forms. We find that up to $4$ transverse homoclinic orbits can be created near the degenerate homoclinic orbit.     

Burst-duration mechanism of in-phase bursting in inhibitory networks

We study the emergence of in-phase and anti-phase synchronized rhythms in bursting networks of Hodgkin-Huxley-type neurons connected by inhibitory synapses. We show that when the state of the individual neuron composing the network is close to the transition from bursting into tonic spiking, the appearance of the network’s synchronous rhythms becomes sensitive to small changes in parameters and synaptic coupling strengths. This bursting-spiking transition is associated with codimension-one bifurcations of a saddle-node limit cycle with homoclinic orbits, first described and studied by Leonid Pavlovich Shilnikov. By this paper, we pay tribute to his pioneering results and emphasize their importance for understanding the cooperative behavior of bursting neurons. We describe the burst-duration mechanism of inphase synchronized bursting in a network with strong repulsive connections, induced by weak inhibition. Through the stability analysis, we also reveal the dual property of fast reciprocal inhibition to establish in- and anti-phase synchronized bursting.