基于压缩感知超分辨鬼成像

分辨率是成像系统的一个重要参数, 获得高分辨率图像一直是鬼成像系统的一个目标. 本文提出了以成像系统点扩散函数作为先验知识, 基于稀疏测量的超分辨压缩感知鬼成像重建模型. 搭建了一套计算鬼成像实验装置, 用于验证该模型对于提高鬼成像系统分辨率的有效性, 并与传统的鬼成像计算模型进行了对比. 实验表明, 利用该模型可突破成像系统衍射极限分辨率的限制, 得到超分辨鬼成像. 关键词： 鬼成像 压缩感知 超分辨 稀疏测量     

Visibility enhancement in two-dimensional lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light

We report an experimental demonstration of two-dimensional(2D) lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light. An electrodeless discharge lamp with a higher light intensity than the hollow cathode lamp used before is employed as a light source. The main problem encountered by the 2D lensless ghost imaging with true thermal light is that its coherence time is much shorter than the resolution time of the detection system. To overcome this difficulty we derive a method based on the relationship between the true and measured values of the second-order optical intensity correlation, by which means the visibility of the ghost image can be dramatically enhanced. This method would also be suitable for ghost imaging with natural sunlight.     

Fluorescence ghost imaging with pseudothermal light

We extend classical light ghost imaging to the area of fluorescence imaging and propose a new fluorescence imaging method. For the first time, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that fluorescence ghost imaging can be realized with pseudothermal light. Important factors influencing the visibility and resolution of the images are discussed to improve the quality of the fluorescence ghost imaging. We hope that this work may pave the road for ghost imaging to biomedical applications.     

日光强度涨落自关联消湍流成像

从关联成像理论出发,提出了日光场在实际大气湍流环境中强度点对点自关联成像理论,并进行了实验验证,分析了太阳光强度二阶自关联成像和强度点对点二阶自关联成像的区别.研究结果表明,太阳光场的点对点四阶自关联,即强度的二阶点对点自关联,可实现消大气湍流成像.为验证理论有效性,利用外场实验进行了验证,获得优于17 km距离的消湍流成像结果.理论和实验均表明,太阳光强度涨落的点对点自关联可实现消大气湍流成像.相比于相机直接成像,本文成像方法消除了大气湍流影响,同时该方案极大提升了关联成像技术的实用性,可直接用于远距离消大气湍流的高质量成像,增加图像识别率.理论表明,任何成像过程中波前受相位扰动影响的波段,如红外、紫外等,均可利用本文方法消除影响,成果具有较大实用价值.     

Role of photon statistics of light source in ghost imaging

The theory of ghost imaging is examined by taking into account the quantum state of the light source explicitly. It is proved that ghost images can be obtained by any light source that is non-Poissonian. It is also shown that ghost images with unity visibility can be achieved with either quantum or classical correlation.     

Lensless ghost imaging through the strongly scattering medium

Lensless ghost imaging has attracted much interest in recent years due to its profound physics and potential applications. In this paper we report studies of the robust properties of the lensless ghost imaging system with a pseudo-thermal light source in a strongly scattering medium. The effects of the positions of the strong medium on the ghost imaging are investigated. In the lensless ghost imaging system, a pseudo-thermal light is split into two correlated beams by a beam splitter. One beam goes to a charge-coupled detector camera, labeled as CCD2. The other beam goes to an object and then is collected in another charge-coupled detector camera, labeled as CCD1, which serves as a bucket detector. When the strong medium, a pane of ground glass disk, is placed between the object and CCD1, the bucket detector, the quality of ghost imaging is barely affected and a good image could still be obtained. The quality of the ghost imaging can also be maintained, even when the ground glass is rotating, which is the strongest scattering medium so far. However, when the strongly scattering medium is present in the optical path from the light source to CCD2 or the object, the lensless ghost imaging system hardly retrieves the image of the object. A theoretical analysis in terms of the second-order correlation function is also provided.     

Resolution of ghost imaging with entangled photons for different types of momentum correlation

We present an analytical analysis of the spatial resolution of quantum ghost imaging implemented by entangled photons from a general, spontaneously parametric, down-conversion process. We find that the resolution is affected by both the pump beam waist and the nonlinear crystal length. Hence, we determined a method to improve the resolution for a certain imaging setup. It should be noted that the resolution is not uniquely related to the degree of entanglement of the photon pair since the resolution can be optimized for a certain degree of entanglement. For certain types of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) states——namely the momentum-correlated or momentum-positively correlated states——the resolution exhibits a simpler relationship with the pump beam waist and crystal length. Further, a vivid numerical simulation of ghost imaging is presented for different types of EPR states,which supports our analysis. This work discusses applicable references to the applications of quantum ghost imaging.     

Reconstruction method of computational ghost imaging based on non-local generalized total variation北大核心CSCD

鬼成像是一种能够透过大雾等恶劣环境的成像技术。针对传统鬼成像重建图像存在噪声较多、图像对比度较低等问题,将非局部广义全变分方法用于鬼成像的图像重建之中,提出基于非局部广义全变分的计算鬼成像重建方法。所提方法构造了一种非局部相关性权重设计梯度算子,将其代入全变分重建算法中,使得重建的图像能有效去除噪声的同时实现细节较好的还原。首先在不同条件下进行仿真模拟,得到所提方法的峰值信噪比相对其他方法提升1 dB左右,且具有更好的主观视觉效果,进而设计并搭建实验平台对算法的有效性进行验证,实验结果证明了所提方法在去除噪声和细节重建等方面的优越性。     

Three-dimensional visualization of objects in scattering medium using integral imaging and spectral analysis

This paper presents a three-dimensional visualization method of 3D objects in a scattering medium. The proposed method employs integral imaging and spectral analysis to improve the visual quality of 3D images. The images observed from 3D objects in the scattering medium such as turbid water suffer from image degradation due to scattering. The main reason is that the observed image signal is very weak compared with the scattering signal. Common image enhancement techniques including histogram equalization and contrast enhancement works improperly to overcome the problem. Thus, integral imaging that enables to integrate the weak signals from multiple images was discussed to improve image quality. In this paper, we apply spectral analysis to an integral imaging system such as the computational integral imaging reconstruction. Also, we introduce a signal model with a visibility parameter to analyze the scattering signal. The proposed method based on spectral analysis efficiently estimates the original signal and it is applied to elemental images. The visibility-enhanced elemental images are then used to reconstruct 3D images using a computational integral imaging reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform the optical experiments for 3D objects in turbid water. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.     

基于光场一阶关联的时域成像

与通常利用二阶强度关联测量实现时域鬼成像不同,本文利用时域热光源借助干涉仪通过一阶关联实现时域成像.基于空域光束的近轴衍射和时域窄带脉冲在色散介质中色散之间的空间-时间二象性,在时域脉冲响应函数的基础上得到了表征一阶关联时域成像的强度表达式,分析研究了光源脉冲宽度和相干时间对成像可见度和分辨率的影响.结果一方面表明基于热光场一阶关联的时域成像在不需要额外色散补偿或消除条件下可以实现时域物体信号的再现,另一方面表明当光源脉冲宽度一定时,成像可见度随光源脉冲相干时间的增加而增加,但是成像分辨率逐渐降低,其中当光源脉冲宽度约为100 ps,相干时间约为0.5 ps时,间隔为20 ps,宽度为8 ps的时域矩形波型物体的成像质量(兼顾可见度和分辨率)较好.该结果对于基于热光一阶关联的时域成像在时序信号测量中的应用具有重要意义.     

强度涨落在热光鬼成像中的作用

热光鬼成像的图像质量在实际应用中具有重要作用. 通过理论分析和数值模拟, 发现光场的强度涨落程度会影响热光鬼成像的对比度, 基于此, 提出可以通过调节热光场的平均强度和强度波动的方差来提高成像对比度, 并且研究了这一方法对成像信噪比的影响. 将这种方法与另一种提高成像对比度的方法——高阶鬼成像进行了对比, 所得结果将有助于提高对热光鬼成像的理解. 关键词： 鬼成像 强度涨落 对比度 信噪比     

Resolution and visibility of two-color pseudothermal lensless ghost imaging

Two-color (or nondegenerate-wavelength) lensless ghost imaging using pseudothermal light source is investigated theoretically by use of classical optical coherence theory. We find that for two-color pseudothermal lensless ghost imaging the visibility and resolution is determined by (Δ) the product of the wavelength and the corresponding path length rather than the wavelength for each path or the path length. We also confirm our theoretical conclusion by numerical simulations. The result shows we must make a trade-off between resolution and visibility in devise practical experiments, as the resolution of the imaging can be improved by decreasing Δ but with visibility getting poor, and vice versa.     

Depth map resolution improvement for 3D range-intensity correlation laser imaging

This Letter proposes a high bit-depth coding method to improve depth map resolution and render it suitable to human-eye observation in 3D range-intensity correlation laser imaging. In this method, a high bit-depth CCD camera with a nanosecond-scaled gated intensifier is used as an image sensor; subsequently two high bit-depth gate images with specific range-intensity profiles are obtained to establish the gray depth map and finally the gray depth map is encoded by an equidensity pseudocolor. With this method, a color depth map is generated with higher range resolution. In our experimental work, the range resolution of the depth map is improved by a factor of 1.67.     

Enhanced resolution for EPR imaging by two-step deblurring

The broad spectrum of spin probes used for electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) result in poor spatial resolution of the reconstructed images. Conventional deconvolution procedures can enhance the resolution to some extent but obtaining high resolution EPR images is still a challenge. In this work, we have implemented and analyzed the performance of a postacquisition deblurring technique to enhance the spatial resolution of the EPR images. The technique consists of two steps; noniterative deconvolution followed by iterative deconvolution of the acquired projections which are then projected back using filtered backprojection (FBP) to reconstruct a high resolution image. Further, we have proposed an analogous technique for iterative reconstruction algorithms such as multiplicative simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (MSIRT) which can be a method of choice for many applications. The performance of the suggested deblurring approach is evaluated using computer simulations and EPRI experiments. Results suggest that the proposed procedure is superior to the standard FBP and standard iterative reconstruction algorithms in terms of mean-square-error (MSE), spatial resolution, and visual judgment. Although the procedure is described for 2D imaging, it can be readily extended to 3D imaging.     

High-resolution deconvolved beamforming for three-dimensional imaging sonars

Three-dimensional(3D) imaging sonars based on the conventional beamforming(CBF) suffers from relatively wide main-lobes and high sidelobe level.To improve the spatial resolution of 3D imaging sonars,a deconvolved beamforming method is proposed with the iterative Richardson-Lucy algorithm in this paper.At first,each distance slice can be processed to obtain images by the CBF.For the near field,the Fresnel approximation is used.Then,the deconvolution technique is applied to the CBF outputs to obtain high-resolution images and suppress the sidelobe level.The simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to improve the spatial resolution significantly and suppress the sidelobes for 3D imaging sonars.Meanwhile,the algorithm shows similar robustness with the CBF in the case of wideband and sparse array.The priority of the proposed algorithm is also validated by the tank experiment data.The presented results indicate that the spatial resolution is increased by one time and the average sidelobe level is reduced by 20 dB.     

Lens ghost imaging in a non-Kolmogorov slant turbulence atmosphere

Based on the method of computation reference channel and the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral, the model of lens ghost imaging with fully spatially incoherent linear polarization light through a slant turbulent channel has derived. The model shows that the resolution ratio of ghost imaging decreases as the power-law exponent of non-Kolmogorov turbulence increasing or the object location departing from the source. The zenith angle of channel has little influence to the quality of the ghost imaging. The minimum distinguishable centre-separation of double slit decreases as the power-law exponent of non-Kolmogorov turbulence increasing.     

宽场光学相干断层成像系统的三维显微成像

宽场相干断层成像技术（WFOCT）具有提高OCT系统的扫描速率和实现高分辨率的三维显微技术等优点,成为当前研究的热点。本文阐述了WFOCT的基本原理,利用八步移相法重建出玻璃物体微细结构的断层图像,研究了宽场OCT系统对玻璃材料的纵向分辨率和探测深度,其中探测深度可达3.3 mm。在获得多幅断层图像的基础上,利用VC6.0和OpenGL混合编程,采用移动立方体（MC）算法重建出玻璃物体微细结构的三维图像。实验结果表明,WFOCT系统不但能够在生物组织检测等医学方面得到应用,而且对反射率较高的物体能够完成三维形貌显微成像探测和深度探测。     

Quantum and classical coincidence imaging

Coincidence, or ghost, imaging is a technique that uses two correlated optical fields to form an image of an object. In this work we identify aspects of coincidence imaging which can be performed with classically correlated light sources and aspects which require quantum entanglement. We find that entangled photons allow high-contrast, high-resolution imaging to be performed at any distance from the light source. We demonstrate this fact by forming ghost images in the near and far fields of an entangled photon source, noting that the product of the resolutions of these images is a factor of 3 better than that which is allowed by classical diffraction theory.     

Adaptive beamforming for photoacoustic imaging

An adaptive photoacoustic image reconstruction technique that combines coherence factor (CF) weighting and the minimum variance (MV) method is introduced. The backprojection method is widely used to reconstruct photoacoustic tomography images. Owing to the scattering of light, the quality of the photoacoustic imaging can be degraded. CF, an adaptive weighting technique, is known to improve the lateral resolution of photoacoustic images. In addition, an MV adaptive beamforming method can further improve the image quality by suppressing signals from off-axis directions. Experimental studies are performed to quantify the spatial resolution and contrast of the adaptive photoacoustic beamforming methods.     

Ghost imaging based on Pearson correlation coefficients

Correspondence imaging is a new modality of ghost imaging, which can retrieve a positive/negative image by simple conditional averaging of the reference frames that correspond to relatively large/small values of the total intensity measured at the bucket detector. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a more rigorous and general approach in which a ghost image is retrieved by calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient between the bucket detector intensity and the brightness at a given pixel of the reference frames, and at the next pixel, and so on. Furthermore, we theoretically provide a statistical interpretation of these two imaging phenomena, and explain how the error depends on the sample size and what kind of distribution the error obeys. According to our analysis, the image signal-to-noise ratio can be greatly improved and the sampling number reduced by means of our new method.