非线性最优控制的反馈逼近

本文将在线性最优控制中经典的Ｋｌｅｉｎｍａｎ－Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ［１］方法推广到非线性的最优控制问题。我们证明,由一个稳定反馈控制生成的反馈控制序列在原点附近会一致逼近最优控制,并指出这一研究在Ｈ∞－非线性最优控制中的作用。     

OPTIMAL AUSTRALIAN AND JAPANESE HARVESTING OF SOUTHERN BLUEFIN TUNA

A 19-cohort bioeconomic model is developed for the southern bluefin tuna fishery. The fish are long-lived and highly migratory. They are harvested as juveniles by Australia and Japan in Australian waters, and as adults by Japan on the high seas. The potential for conflict between Australian and Japanese fleets therefore exists in the exploitation of the fishery. The model is used to compare Japanese and Australian social rents and harvest levels through time under joint maximization, and under duopoly.     

SOLVING A CROP PROBLEM BY AN OPTIMAL CONTROL METHOD

ABSTRACT. A system of ordinary differential equations coupled with a parabolic partial differential equation is studied in order to understand an interaction between two crops and a pathogen. Two different types of crops are planted in same field in some pattern so that the spread of pathogen can be controlled. The pathogen prefers to eat one crop. The other crop, which is not preferred by the pathogen, is introduced to control the spread of pathogen in the farming land. The “optimal” initial planting pattern is sought to maximize plant yields while minimizing the variation in the planting pattern. The optimal pattern is characterized by a variation inequality involving the solutions of the optimality system. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.     

OPTIMAL HARVESTING AND SPATIAL PATTERNS IN A SEMIARID VEGETATION SYSTEM

We consider an infinite time horizon spatially distributed optimal harvesting problem for a vegetation and soil water reaction diffusion system, with rainfall as the main external parameter. By Pontryagin's maximum principle, we derive the associated four‐component canonical system (CS), and numerically analyze this and hence the optimal control problem in two steps. First, we numerically compute a rather rich bifurcation structure of flat (spatially homogeneous) canonical steady states and patterned canonical steady states (FCSS and PCSS, respectively), in 1D and 2D. Then, we compute time‐dependent solutions of the CS that connect to some FCSS or PCSS. The method is efficient in dealing with nonunique canonical steady states, and thus also with multiple local maxima of the objective function. It turns out that over wide parameter regimes the FCSS, i.e., spatially uniform harvesting, are not optimal. Instead, controlling the system to a PCSS yields a higher profit. Moreover, compared to (a simple model of) private optimization, the social control gives a higher yield, and vegetation survives for much lower rainfall. In addition, the computation of the optimal (social) control gives an optimal tax to incorporate into the private optimization.     

AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMAL CONTROL AND OPTIMAL CONTROL SUBJECT TO INTEGRAL CONSTRAINTS

We introduce a new and efficient numerical method for multicriterion optimal control and single criterion optimal control under integral constraints. The approach is based on extending the state space to include information on a ＂budget＂ remaining to satisfy each constraint; the augmented Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE is then solved numerically. The efficiency of our approach hinges on the causality in that PDE, i.e., the monotonicity of characteristic curves in one of the newly added dimensions. A semi-Lagrangian ＂marching＂ method is used to approximate the discontinuous viscosity solution efficiently. We compare this to a recently introduced ＂weighted sum＂ based algorithm for the same problem [25]. We illustrate our method using examples from flight path planning and robotic navigation in the presence of friendly and adversarial observers.     

自治单种群模型及其最优捕获策略

本文用一种新的方法,讨论了单种群生物资源的捕获优化问题.分别以单位时间最大可持续捕获量和单位时间最大净利润为管理目标,得到一类自治单种群捕获模型的最优捕获策略,所得结果包括了文献中研究过的几乎所有自治单种群捕获模型的相应研究结果.     

ON THE OPTIMAL POLICY FOR COMBINING HARVESTING OF PREDATOR AND PREY

An optimal policy is sought for maximizing present value from the combined harvest of two ecologically dependent species, which would coexist as predator and prey in the absence of harvesting. Harvest rate for each species is assumed proportional to both stock level and effort. For a large class of biological productivity functions, it is established that the optimal equilibrium point in the phase-plane of stock levels must be a saddle-point. For quadratic productivity functions, a combination of analytical reasoning and numerical experiment is used to show that first and second order necessary conditions for optimality are satisfied by a unique approach to equilibrium, which must therefore be optimal. The corresponding control law is given, and an apparent suggestion of two previous authors concerning the policy is shown to be inappropriate. The optimal policy enables an estimate to be made of the true loss of resource value due to a catastrophic fall in stock level.     

OPTIMAL CONTROL INTERVENTION STRATEGIES USING AN N‐PATCH WATERBORNE DISEASE MODEL

Waterborne diseases are an important concern in public health, especially in communities with limited access to clean water. Different community subpopulations can require different copping strategies for the same diseases. Modeling is one method to assist understanding and the development of effective strategies. To this end, we investigated the use of meta‐population models with three types of control interventions: vaccination, treatment, and water purification. Important mathematical features of the model are determined and examined. Optimal control, applied to the model, is also formulated to determine the effective strategies to reduce the spread of the disease. For example, using optimal control, a four‐fold reduction in infected individuals is possible. The value of such an improvement to the communities involved would be significant.     

BOULIGAND DIFFERENTIABILITY OF SOLUTIONS TO PARAMETRIC OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEMS*

A family of parameter dependent optimal control problems for nonlinear ODEs is considered. The problems are subject to pointwise control constraints. It is shown that the standard conditions, used in stability analysis of optimal control problems, ensure not only Lipschitz continuity, but also Bouligand differentiability of the solutions with respect to the parameter. The Bouligand differentials are characterized as the solutions to the accessory linear-quadratic optimal control problems.

     

一类自治单种群模型及其最优捕获策略

用一种新的方法,讨论了单种群生物资源的捕获优化问题.分别以单位时间最大可持续捕获量和单位时间最大净利润为管理目标,得到一类自治单种群捕获模型的最优捕获策略,所得结果包括了文献中研究过的几乎所有自治单种群捕获模型的相应研究结果.     

最速反馈控制的不变性

变结构控制对系统模型和扰动具有一定的不变性是众所周知的事实。最速反馈控制是以其开关曲线为滑动曲线的变结构控制。本文用变结构控制理论来讨论修正了的最速反馈控制对一定范围的系统扰动具有完全的不变性,即完全能够抑制一定范围的扰动作用,而且闭环系统的所有轨线,在理论上,都以有限时间到达原点。这就为设计高效非线性反馈提供了一条有效途径,还给出了避免高频颤震来实现最速反馈控制的数字化办法。     

TIME OPTIMAL IMPLUSE CONTROL PROBLEMS

ＴＩＭＥ　ＯＰＴＩＭＡＬ　ＩＭＰＬＵＳＥ　ＣＯＮＴＲＯＬ　ＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳＴＩＭＥＯＰＴＩＭＡＬＩＭＰＬＵＳＥＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＰＲＯＢＬＥＭＳ￥ＸｕＺｏｎｇｙｕｎ（ＦｕｄａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ，ａｃｌａｓｓ...     

A DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER CONTROL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF WATER ALLOCATION

The optimal diversion and consumption of water is examined in a framework acknowledging both diversionary water demands and instream water demands. Return flow relationships among a basin's water users recommends that optimization be conducted over time and space domains jointly. The distributed parameter control methodology is employed to satisfy this need in a generalized model. Results demonstrate the power of the method and identify how attention to instream demands influences optimal water use by the basin's diverters.     

具有点态控制约束热方程的时间与范数最优控制问题的等价性

本文研究了具有点态控制热方程的等价性问题.利用变分法分析时间最优控制的唯一性,能控性以及范数最优控制的特征,获得了具有点态控制约束热方程的时间与范数最优控制问题之间的等价性,推广了现有文献的结果.     

二级线性价格控制问题的满意解的求解思路及实例

本文就文献 [1]对线性二级价格控制问题 (BLP) 2 研究的结果及文献 [2 ]提出的问题进行了进一步的讨论。用反例指出文 [1]求出的极点最优解是错的 ,以及一般的 (BL P) 2 问题求出的最优解 ,可能是下层决策者根本无法接受的。因此 ,本文提出 (BLP) 2 的求下层目标最优解的边界搜索法及在此基础上用多目标的观点来求 (BLP) 2 的满意解的思路及实例     

ON THE ECONOMICS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASION: AN APPLICATION TO RECREATIONAL FISHING

Abstract The paper demonstrates four general mechanisms that may affect economically valuable species when exposed to biological invasion. We distinguish between an ecological level effect and an ecological growth effect. In addition, we present an economic quantity effect working through demand. Finally, we suggest that there is an economic quality effect that reflects the possibility that invasions affect the harvesting agents directly through demand‐side forces. For example, this may occur because the state of the original species or the ecosystem is altered. We depart from the existing literature by revealing ecological and economic forces that explain why different agents may lack incentives to control invasions. The theoretical model is illustrated by the case where escaped farmed salmon (EFS) influence wild Atlantic salmon fisheries.     

中立型线性控制系统的最优控制

本文将就形如　的中立型线性控制系统进行深入讨论，给出此类系统的最优控制的最大值原理，并举例说明这一重要结论在经济管理系统中的应用。     

一类改进的非线性种群系统的最优控制

研究某一类改进的关于年龄结构的非线性种群系统的最优控制问题.首先利用常用的极小化序列方法证明最优控制问题的最优解存在;其次定义原系统对应的共轭系统,借助于法锥定义,得到最优解所要满足的必要条件.     

COMPONENT ALLEE EFFECTS AND STAGE‐SPECIFIC PREDATION: A BRIEF INSIGHT INTO CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ISSUES

In this paper, we propose a two‐stage structured population model subject to component Allee effects in fecundity and maturation, and with two disturbances (predation only and harvest and predation) acting on both stages. It is shown that this combination leads to a demographic Allee effect—a characteristic that could be exploited in pest biological control, but on the other hand, it represents a bane in conservation biology. The analysis is performed for disturbances with functional responses type 2 and 3, and the models show that they yield qualitatively similar results. This characteristic is discussed from the species conservation and biological control point of view, together with possible extensions of this work.     

OPTIMAL FISH HARVESTING FOR A POPULATION MODELED BY A NONLINEAR PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

As the human population continues to grow, there is a need for better management of our natural resources in order for our planet to be able to produce enough to sustain us. One important resource we must consider is marine fish populations. We use the tool of optimal control to investigate harvesting strategies for maximizing yield of a fish population in a heterogeneous, finite domain. We determine whether these solutions include no‐take marine reserves as part of the optimal solution. The fishery stock is modeled using a nonlinear, parabolic partial differential equation with logistic growth, movement by diffusion and advection, and with Robin boundary conditions. The objective for the problem is to find the harvest rate that maximizes the discounted yield. Optimal harvesting strategies are found numerically.