Chromatographic determination of position and configuration isomers of methyl oleate hydroxides from corresponding hydroperoxides

Summary Studies of lipid oxidation usually employ such model systems as purified fatty-acid methyl ester. While methyl oleate hydroperoxides (MOPHs) can only be readily separated from the matrix by HPLC, because of their heat-susceptibility and relative instability, these same techniques are unable to separatecis MOHP fromtrans isomers. The present study reports an enhanced, rapid separation method forcis andtrans isomers of methyl oleate hydroxides, as well as HPLC determination of positional isomers per fraction of configuration isomer and isomer identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.     

Kinetics of the initiated and inhibited oxidation of methyl oleate in homogeneous and aqueous emulsion media

The kinetics of the 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile-initiated oxidation of methyl oleate (MO) in the medium of the oxidized substrate itself (homogeneous system) and in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (aqueous emulsion system, AES) was studied. The oxidation was found to occur as a nonbranched chain reaction with quadratic-law chain termination in both neat methyl oleate ([MO] ≈ 2.6 mol/l) and AES. The temperature dependence of the oxidizability parameter for methyl oleate in the temperature range from 303 to 333 K was described by the following expressions:

Organometallic derivatives of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenols as specific inhibitors of methyl oleate oxidation

2,6-Di-tert-butylphenols containing the Pt—SnCl₃ and Pt—GeCl₃ groups in the para position exert a dual effect on the oxidation of methyl oleate by molecular oxygen. Initially, these compounds act as antioxidants producing the corresponding phenoxyl radicals whose decomposition is accompanied by elimination of SnCl₂ and GeCl₂, which are oxidation promoters.     

Utilization of Chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques to study the oxidation kinetics of selenomethionine

Ion-exchange LC and spectroscopic supporting techniques have been successfully used to study the kinetics and mechanism of oxidation reactions of selenomethionine (SeMet). Oxidation of selenomethionine with both cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) proceeds through a stable intermediate which undergoes cyclization and C-Se bond cleavage to form 2-amino-4-butyrolactone. This stable intermediate was identified by IR spectroscopy as methionine dihydroxy selenide. The CH₃-Se moiety of SeMet formed methyl selenic acid upon reaction with H₂O₂ and methyl selenocyanate (CH₃SeCN), characterized by GC-MS, for the reaction with CNBr. Both reactions were of apparent first order with respect to the concentration of SeMet. A rate constant (k₁)of 4.0×10^–3 s^–1 for the reaction of SeMet with HO and 4.0×10^–3 s^–1 for the reaction with CNBr were determined at a temperature of 22°C. Oxidation of methionine (Met) gives disparate kinetics and oxidation products from SeMet. Thus the differential rate method can be utilized to quantitatively separate SeMet in biological samples in the presence of much higher concentrations of Met.     

Combined inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing phenol SO-4 with natural and synthetic antioxidants in the oxidation of methyl oleate

In a model system of initiated oxidation of methyl oleate, the antioxidant activities of 3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-6-methylpyridinesuccinate (mexidol) and bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl] disulfide (SO-4) were studied and compared with those of α-tocopherol and 1-hydroxy-2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylbenzene (dibunol). A linear pattern of dependence of the inhibitory effect on the concentration of compounds was established. The ability of antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxides and inhibit their accumulation was revealed. The combined inhibitory effects of SO-4 with mexidol, α-tocopherol, and phospholipids were described for the first time. The rate constant for disproportionation of the SO-4 phenoxyl radicals, k ₉ = 0.90·10³ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹, was determined by steady-state photolysis. The rate constant k ₁₀ ^eff for the reactions of SO-4 phenoxyl radicals with lipids characterized by different unsaturation degrees were determined for methyl oleate, linolic and arachidonic acids containing one, two, and four multiple bonds, and phospholiopids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1330–1337, August, 2006.     

Interrelation of the chemical structure and inhibiting activity of sterically hindered phenols in methyl oleate oxidation in homogeneous and microheterogeneous systems

Specific features of the inhibiting activity of sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants (AOs) 3, 5-Bu^t ₂-4-OHC₆H₂(CH₂)₂C(O)O(CH₂)₂N⁺Me₂R·X⁻ (R = H, Me, C₈H₁₇, C₁₀H₂₁, C₁₂H₂₅, C₁₆H₃₃; X = Br, I), being phenosan derivatives containing the ethanolamine residue substituted at the N atom by an alkyl substituent, were studied. The action of these AOs was studied in the initiated oxidation of homogeneous solutions of methyl oleate in chlorobenzene and an aqueous emulsion medium in the presence of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phenolic AOs act in two directions: they react with peroxy radicals with a rate constant of 0. 98·10⁴ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ and decompose hydroperoxides to form molecular products. The effect of hindered phenols as AOs depends substantially on their chemical structure and oxidation conditions. In lipid solutions, they efficiently hinder the oxidation of methyl oleate, outperforming the action of α-tocopherol, dibunol, phenosan K, and its methyl ester taken in comparative concentrations. The inhibiting activity of the AOs decreases substantially with the chain elongation of the R substituent. For oxidation in an aqueous emulsion medium, the inhibition effect of the AOs under study weakens compared to oxidation in a homogeneous solution, which is accompanied by the disappearance of differences in efficiency of different AOs.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 323–328, February, 2005.     

Characteristics of the oxidation process in the oleyl alcohol-oleic acid,oleyl alcohol-methyl oleate,and oleic acid-methyl oleate systems by means of dielectric constant measurements

The investigation of the autoxidation process in the three model systems: oleyl alcohol-oleic acid, oleyl alcohol-methyl oleate, and oleic acid-methyl oleate by means of peroxide number and dielectric constant measurements were presented. The experiments were conducted at 60 °C, in the conditions of relatively lower amount of different kinds of hydrogen-bond polyassociates. One can state that in the case of the systems including oleyl alcohol it is possible to forecast the course of their autoxidation owing to the dielectric measurements.     

Kinetics of the radical-chain oxidation of methyl oleate inhibited by 5-amino-6-methyluracil and 5-amino-1,3,6-trimethyluracil

Kinetics and Catalysis - The effects of 5-amino-6-methyluracil (AMU) and 5-amino-1,3,6-trimethyluracil (ATMU) on the rate of oxygen uptake in methyl oleate (MO) radical-chain oxidation initiated by...     

The oxidation of oleate in submicron aqueous salt aerosols: evidence of a surface process

We have studied the oxidation of submicron aqueous aerosols consisting of internal mixtures of sodium oleate (oleic acid proxy), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and inorganic salts by O3, NO3/N2O5, and OH. Experiments were performed using an aerosol flow tube and a continuous flow photochemical reaction chamber coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The CIMS was fitted with a heated inlet for volatilization and detection of organics in the particle phase simultaneously with the gas phase. A differential mobility analyzer/condensation particle counter was used for determining aerosol size distributions. The oxidation of oleate by O3 follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, with gammaO3 approximately 10(-5) calculated from the observed loss rate of oleate in the particle phase. The best fit Langmuir-Hinshelwood parameters are kImax=0.05+/-0.01 s-1 and KO3=4(+/-3)x10(-14) cm3molec-1. These parameters showed no dependence on the ionic composition of the aerosols or on the presence of alkyl surfactants. Several ozone oxidation products were observed to be particle-bound at ambient temperature, including nonanoic acid. We observed efficient processing of oleate by OH (0.1相似文献   

Raman spectroscopic study of CO2 sorption process in poly methyl methacrylate

Raman spectra of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) in contact with compressed CO₂ were measured, to investigate effects of CO₂ sorption on structure of the PMMA chain. The solubility and diffusivity of CO₂ in PMMA were estimated from temporal variations of intensities of CO₂ peaks. The PMMA structure was analyzed from temporal variations of vibrational energies of PMMA peaks. The results show that the vibration energies of C H stretching modes of PMMA increase with CO₂ sorption, whereas those for skeletal vibration modes decrease. These energy shifts are attributed to elongational deformation of PMMA. The PMMA structure is deformed with stretching of the chains as a bundle. From energy shifts of the CO₂ peaks, the size of the CO₂ accommodated space between the bundles is estimated to be 1.6–1.9 nm. Furthermore, it was observed that the vibrational energies of the PMMA modes in foamed glassy PMMA differ from the values in glassy PMMA without foams. This result suggests that the local structure of the PMMA chain changes with the process of the CO₂ sorption and/or foaming. The local structure of the PMMA chain might be one of the dominant factors governing the properties of cellular materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 831–842, 2008     

Chain transfer constants for vinyl monomers polymerized in methyl oleate and methyl stearate

Chain transfer constants were obtained for styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, polymerized in methyl oleate and methyl stearate at 60°C. Transfer constants increased in the order: methyl methacrylate < styrene < methyl acrylate ? vinyl acetate in both solvents. Average values of the transfer parameters were: for methyl oleate, Q_tr = 2.04 × 10^?4, e_tr = 1.08; for methyl stearate, Q_tr = 0.373 × 10^?4, e_tr = 1.01. Indication that polar species predominate in the transition state is supported by the observed order of reactivity. The usual rate dependence appeared to be followed by all of the monomers except vinyl acetate, which was retarded, severely in methyl oleate. Transfer in methyl oleate was about 5.8 times greater than that found in methyl stearate for these four monomers. The internal allylic double bond of methyl oleate had about the same reactivity in transfer as had the terminal unsaturation in N-allylstearamide at 90°C. Rough estimates were obtained of the monomer transfer constants for the long side-chain homologs of these four monomers from the respective monomer transfer constants and the experimental transfer constants, corrected for transfer to the labile groups of the solvent. It was concluded that the rate of polymerization would determine in large measure the degree of polymerization for the reactive 18-carbon homologs but that the molecular weight of poly(vinyl stearate) and (oleate) will be regulated primarily by transfer to monomer.     

Chromatographic investigations of the photolysis products of nitrobenzenes

Summary By using gas, liquid, column and thin-layer chromatography and spectroscopy the main products of the photolysis of nitrobenzene in ethereal solutions have been identified. These are: azobenzene, azoxybenzene, nitroazoxybenzene, 4-aminoazobenzene, 3- and 4-nitrobenzene, 2-, 3- and 4-nitrophenol, 1,4-quinone, phenol, aniline and 4-nitroaniline. The photolysis was carried out by irradiation with a mercury lamp. The removal of oxygen from the irradiated solution was found to affect both the qualitative and quantitative composition of the photolysis products. The mechanism of the photochemical processes occurring in the irradiated nitrobenzene solutions is discussed.     

Chromatographic and spectroscopic characteristics of the selected stearic acid derivatives

Chromatographic and spectroscopic characteristics were determined for the following stearic acid derivatives: cis- and trans-9,10-epoxystearic acids and their methyl esters, and erythro- and threo-9,10-dihydroxystearic acids and their methyl esters. It will be helpful in the further identificational investigations of the autoxidation process of oleic acid and its derivatives.     

Chromatographic investigations of furocoumarins fromHeracleum genus fruits

Summary Furocoumarins from extracts ofHeracleum genus fruits were separated using normal and reversed phase TLC and HPLC and isolated in the milligram scale using overloaded systems of column chromatography. Binary or ternary solvents containing a polar modifier (methanol, diisopropyl ether or acetonitrile) were used as the mobile phases. Preliminary report on this work was presented at the 47th International Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences of F.I.P. in Amsterdam. The Netherlands, 30 August–5 September 1987.     

The influence of hydrogen-bond association on the destruction of hydroperoxides in the autoxidation process of oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, and methyl oleate

The autoxidation process of oleyl alcohol, oleic acid, and methyl oleate at 40, 50, and 60 °C was considered with the special stress laid upon the mechanism of cumulating and destruction of peroxidic products. Interpretation of the observed differences was based on the hydrogen-bond association patterns.     

Low pressure ethenolysis of renewable methyl oleate in a microchemical system

A microchemical system for ethenolysis of renewable methyl oleate was developed, in which the dual-phase, microfluidic design enabled efficient diffusion of ethylene gas into liquid methyl oleate through an increased contact area. The increased mass transfer of ethylene favored the formation of desired commodity chemicals with significantly suppressed homometathesis when compared to the bulk system. In addition to higher selectivity and conversion, this system also provides the typical advantages of a microchemical system, including the possibility of convenient scale-up.     

多级孔TS-1用于油酸甲酯高效绿色环氧化

当今时代,资源短缺、环境污染等问题日益严峻,生物质资源化学转化利用成为各国研究重点,以生物质资源代替化石资源、以生物基材料代替石化材料,为发展绿色经济、循环经济奠定了基础.植物油资源由于其广泛的可获得性、固有的生物可降解性、低成本及突出的环境效益受到广泛关注.其中,环氧化的植物油作为可再生原材料应用于生产热塑材料的增塑剂和稳定剂、生物润滑油、涂料、粘合剂、化妆品及各种聚合物材料 (聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺等).目前,工业上生产环氧化植物油通常采用 Prilezhaev 过程,即在无机强酸如 H2SO4,HCl,HNO3等的催化作用下,过氧化氢与甲酸或乙酸作用原位生成过氧甲酸或过氧乙酸作为环氧化试剂用于环氧化反应.但就该反应过程而言,强酸的存在会带来一系列问题:(1) 强酸的存在容易引发一系列副反应,如环氧环开环生成二醇、二聚物等; (2) 产物分离问题,反应完毕后产物需经碱洗、水洗和减压蒸馏才能得到最后产品,工艺过程复杂且可能造成环境污染,不符合绿色化学理念; (3) 强酸存在引起的设备腐蚀问题.因而开发新型高效的催化技术降低生产成本,解决生产过程中的污染问题,实现植物油的绿色高效利用,是我们当前迫切要解决的问题.寻找安全无污染且具有高效催化性能的非均相催化剂也迫在眉睫.因此,各过渡金属如 MoIV,WVI,NbV和 TiIV复合物催化剂得到广泛研究.其中,钛硅分子筛 TS-1 由于其良好的稳定性及优异的环氧化催化性能受到关注,然而其狭窄的孔道尺寸使得它在大分子反应物参与的反应中受到显著的扩散限制,因而需合成含有介孔及大孔的多级孔 TS-1 用于植物油环氧化反应中.本课题组多年从事钛硅分子筛的制备及催化氧化研究工作.本文以聚季铵盐-6 作为介孔模板剂合成了多级孔TS-1(HTS-1),将其作为催化剂,油酸甲酯作为模型化合物,H2O2作为氧化剂,系统研究了反应条件 (H2O2与双键摩尔比、氧化剂浓度与用量、反应温度与时间) 对油酸甲酯环氧化反应的影响.采用响应曲面分析法 (RSM) 优化反应条件,获取环氧化油酸甲酯的最大收率,并对各因素对油酸甲酯环氧化影响的显著性及各因素之间的交互作用进行探究.结果发现,H2O2与双键摩尔比及催化剂用量对油酸甲酯环氧化的影响较大,在优化的反应条件下环氧化产物的收率可高达 94.9%.而HTS-1 表现出的优异催化性能主要归结于其良好的疏水性能和高活性且可供大分子接触反应的钛物种.     

Chromatographic investigations into the interaction between proteins and polymer matrices

Summary Chromatographic investigations with two enzymes and selected low-molecular-weight compounds of different pk_a on three different inert gels (matrices) commonly used for enzyme separation and immobilization showed that considerable deviations from the theoretical elution volumes occur at low ionic strength. These deviations are explained in terms of ionic and hydrophobic interaction between gel matrix and solute.     

Chromatographic analysis of phospholipid and cholesterol oxidation

Capillary thin layer and gas chromatographic methods for analysis of the extent of oxidation in phosphatidyl choline/cholesterol samples are described. Examples of systems suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis, based on use of unmodified samples or of their derivatives, are illustrated. A method for concurrent quantitative determination of phospholipid and sterol without preseparation is introduced and is based on extension of a previous lipid trans-methylation technique.