聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极循环伏安法测定药剂中的多巴胺

用循环伏安法制备了聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定多巴胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为150mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~0.6V时,多巴胺在聚L-赖氨酸修饰玻碳电极上出现一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=0.175V,Epc=0.146V(相对饱和甘汞电极);测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3~1.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-5~8.0×10-9mol/L,方法检出限1.0×10-9mol/L。用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

姜黄素的电化学性质及其测定

在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 3.0)中,姜黄素于玻碳电极上存在可逆的单电子转移过程,据此,本文建立了以差示脉冲伏安扫描法检测姜黄素含量的新方法.在+0.8V(vs.SCE)电位下,含姜黄素的电解液(试样)于玻碳电极上经过富集,可得一灵敏的还原峰,峰电位Ep为+0.386V.峰电流Ip与姜黄素浓度(1.0×10-8~2.5×10-7mol/L范围内)成线性关系,最低检出限为4.0×10-9mol/L.本法操作简单、快速、灵敏、准确,可用于药物中姜黄素含量直接测定.     

米托蒽醌在离子注入修饰电极上的伏安行为及其应用

在0.1mol/LNH₃-NH₄Cl缓冲溶液(pH_9.5)中,米托蒽醌在镍离子注入修饰电极上有一灵敏的伏安还原峰,峰电位为-0.85V(vs.SCE).峰电流与米托蒽醌的浓度成线性关系.检出限为1.8×10^-8mol/L.研究了其伏安行为,并将该波用于尿样的测定.结果表明,还原过程为具有吸附性和催化性的准可逆过程.AES和XPS实验表明,Ni已注入到玻碳电极的表面,使电催化活性提高.     

银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸

用循环伏安法制备银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸在其电极上的电化学行为,建立了同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸的新方法。当3种组分共存时,在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH6.0)中,扫描速率为140mV/s,多巴胺和肾上腺素在修饰电极上分别产生还原峰,峰电位分别为0.198和-0.205V,多巴胺和肾上腺素氧化峰重叠,峰电位为0.313V(vs.Ag/AgCl);抗坏血酸产生一个氧化峰,峰电位0.108V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。多巴胺和肾上腺素的ΔEpc=0.403V,抗坏血酸的氧化峰与多巴胺和肾上腺素的ΔEpa=0.205V,用还原峰和氧化峰可同时测定多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸,3种组分同时测定的线性范围分别为5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L,8.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L和3.0×10-5～1.0×10-3mol/L;检出限分别为5.0×10-7,8.0×10-7和5.0×10-6mol/L。本方法用于人尿液中多巴胺、肾上腺素和抗坏血酸的同时测定,结果满意。     

黄嘌呤在离子液体-纳米金-碳纳米管复合物修饰电极上的电化学行为

研究了黄嘌呤在离子液体-纳米金-碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在0.1mol/L磷酸盐(pH=4.4)介质中,修饰电极对黄嘌呤氧化具有强的电催化作用,黄嘌呤在0.9V(vs.SCE)左右产生一灵敏的氧化峰。在优化的实验条件下,用此峰测定黄嘌呤的线性范围为1.5×10-7～1.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为3.5×10-8mol/L。该修饰电极具有良好的重现性和稳定性。     

单层碳纳米管修饰电极上盐酸曲普利啶的电化学行为及其应用研究

应用循环伏安法研究了盐酸曲普利啶在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明:在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.9)中,盐酸曲普利啶产生一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电位为0.81 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),峰电流与盐酸曲普利啶在1.0×10-6～1.3×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-7mol/L,已用于片剂中盐酸曲普利啶的测定.     

有序介孔碳-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定痕量锡(Ⅱ)

将有序介孔碳(OMC)分散于壳聚糖(CTS)溶液,并用于修饰玻碳电极,制成有序介孔碳-壳聚糖修饰玻碳电极(OMC-CTS/GCE),用差分脉冲溶出伏安法研究锡(Ⅱ)在该电极上的溶出伏安特性。实验发现,在1.0mol/L盐酸中,锡(Ⅱ)在-1.2V处被富集在修饰电极表面,在0.0～+1.0V电位范围,以100mV/s的速率扫描,锡(Ⅱ)在+0.35V处产生一灵敏的溶出峰,峰电流与锡(Ⅱ)的浓度在5.0×10-8～1.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为2.2×10-9 mol/L。方法用于合金中痕量锡(Ⅱ)的测定,结果同火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定结果一致。     

碳糊电极阳极吸附伏安法测定卡托普利

在0.40 mol/L的HAc-NaAc(pH=4.8)缓冲溶液中,卡托普利(Captopril,CPT)在碳糊电极(CPE)上有一灵敏的吸附氧化峰,峰电位为0.23 V(vs.SCE)。该氧化峰的二阶导数峰电流与卡托普利的浓度在2.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol/L(富集90 s)范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9966,检出限为8.0×10-9mol/L,并成功应用于卡托普利片含量的测定。探讨了卡托普利在碳糊电极上的伏安性质和电极反应机理。     

羧基化碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极伏安法测定食盐中碘酸根

应用羧基化多壁碳纳米管(c-MWCNT)修饰碳糊电极,测定食盐中的碘酸根含量.在0.1 mol/L的NaOH电解液中,当IO3-在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰碳糊电极表面富集60 s,电位扫速为300 mV/s时,该修饰电极在线性扫描伏安图上能出现一灵敏的阴极溶出峰,峰电位为-0.52 V,峰电流与IO3-浓度在8.0×10-10~5.0×10-8mol/L和1.0×10-7~3.0×10-6mol/L的范围内成良好线关系,相关系数分别为0.999和0.998,检出限可达1.0×10-11mol/L;该修饰电极无汞,稳定性较好,用于加碘食盐中碘酸根含量的测定灵敏度高,平均回收率为101.1%.循环伏安(CV)测试表明,碘酸根在修饰电极上电化学反应是一不可逆过程,其电极反应标准均相速率常数为0.0109 cm.s-1.     

聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰电极的制备及对尿酸的测定

在pH9.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用循环伏安(CV)法制备了聚L-甲硫氨酸修饰玻碳电极(PLMet/GC/CME)。研究了尿酸(UA)在该电极上的电化学行为,建立了伏安法测定UA的新方法。在pH5.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为200 mV/s,循环扫描电位在-0.3~1.0 V时,UA在PLMet/GC/CME上产生一个灵敏的氧化峰,峰电位位于0.52 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。用CV法、线性扫描伏安(LSV)法和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)法对UA进行测定,测定的线性范围分别为2.50×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L、5.00×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L和8.00×10-7~1.00×10-4mol/L;检出限分别为8.0×10-7mol/L(CV、LSV法)和5.0×10-7mol/L(DPV法)。用LSV法对尿样中的UA进行测定,结果满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.