Spectroscopy for the Bound States of a Top Squark (t) and a Heavy Quark

Based on the possibility that the life time of the lightest top squark 1(1) may be long enough and it may form a bound state with another quark before its decay has not been ruled out yet, we focus on the bound states of the lightest top squark 1(1) and a heavy quark Q(), and establish the Bethe Salpeter equation for the binding systems (c1) and (b1) (or their antiparticles) etc with QCD inspired kernel. We then investigate these systems and give their spectroscopy by means of instantaneous approximation.     

(S_(NN))~(1/2)=130GeV时Au Au碰撞中的反重子与重子比率

按照夸克随机组合的简单组合模型,本文通过分析得出重子反重子比率与夸克反夸克平均产生几率的关系．进一步计算了相对论重离子碰撞过程中各种反粒子与粒子的比率,不需要任何额外假定, 预言的比率与RHIC加速器时Au Au碰撞STAR实验的结果基本一致．表明夸克组合模型能够解释相对论重离子碰撞过程的反粒子与粒子比率．     

A comment on the topological phase for anti-particles in a Lorentz-violating environment

Recently, a scheme to analyse topological phases in quantum mechanics by means of the non-relativistic limit of fermions non-minimally coupled to a Lorentz-breaking background has been proposed. In this Letter, we show that the fixed background, responsible for the Lorentz-symmetry violation, may induce opposite Aharonov–Casher phases for a particle and its corresponding anti-particle. We then argue that such a difference may be used to investigate the asymmetry for particle/anti-particle as well as to propose bounds on the associated Lorentz-symmetry violating parameters.     

SU4群与基本粒子的对称性

从李羣的一般理论,具体地讨论了SU₄的数学处理,给出了羣的代数结构、不可约表示维数的公式、三个基本表示的明显形式及表示直积分解的主要结果。根据SU₄对称,下列基本粒子的对称模型被构成:(1)Bacry和Van Hove模型,(2)Schwinger模型,(3)正反粒子对称的坂田模型,(4)正反粒子对称的八度法模型。在这些模型中,一些与实验一致的新的结果被得到。     

Do electroweak precision data and Higgs-mass constraints rule out a scalar bottom quark with mass of order 5 GeV?

We study the implications of a scalar bottom quark, with a mass of O (5 GeV), within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Light sbottoms may naturally appear for large tan(beta) and, depending on the decay modes, may have escaped experimental detection. We show that a light sbottom cannot be ruled out by electroweak precision data and the bound on the lightest CP-even Higgs-boson mass. We infer that a light b scenario requires a relatively light scalar top quark whose mass is typically about the top-quark mass. In this scenario the lightest Higgs boson decays predominantly into b pairs and obeys the mass bound m(h) less, similar 123 GeV.     

On the Ladder Bethe-Salpeter Equation

The Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation in the ladder approximation is studied within a scalar theory: two scalar fields (constituents) with mass m interacting via an exchange of a scalar field (tieon) with mass . The BS equation is written in the form of an integral equation in the configuration Euclidean x-space with the kernel which for stable bound states M < 2m is a self-adjoint positive operator. The solution of the BS equation is formulated as a variational problem. The nonrelativistic limit of the BS equation is considered. The role of so-called abnormal states is discussed.The analytical form of test functions for which the accuracy of calculations of bound-state masses is better than 1% (the comparison with available numerical calculations is done) is determined. These test functions make it possible to calculate analytically vertex functions describing the interaction of bound states with constituents.As a by-product a simple solution of the Wick-Cutkosky model for the case of massless bound states is demonstrated.     

Instantaneous Formulation for Transitions Between Two Instantaneous Bound States and Its Gauge Invariance

We have precisely derived a ＂rigorous instantaneous formulation＂ for transitions between two bound states when the bound states are well-described by instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter （BS） equation （i.e. the kernel of the equation is instantaneous ＂occasionally＂）. The obtained rigorous instantaneous formulation, in fact, is expressed as an operator sandwiched by two ＂reduced BS wave functions＂ properly, while the reduced BS wave functions appearing in the formulation are the rigorous solutions of the instantaneous BS equation, and they may relate to Schroedinger wave functions straightforwardly. We also show that the rigorous instantaneous formulation is gauge-invariant with respect to the Uem（1） transformation precisely, if the concerned transitions are radiative. Some applications of the formulation are outlined.     

Multiuser detection for the uplink of clustered 5G systems with universal frequency reuse

With 5G (Fifth generation) cellular communications, systems have to be able to cope with a massive increase of mobile devices and services and simultaneously improve the system’s spectral efficiency, as well as dealing with high interference levels. Base Station (BS) cooperation architectures jointly with block transmission techniques, such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for the downlink and SC-FDE (Single-Carrier with Frequency-Domain Equalization) for the uplink, are proven to be suitable for broadband wireless transmission systems. In BS cooperation systems MTs (Mobile Terminals) in adjacent cells share the same physical channel allowing the reducing of the frequency reuse and improving the spectral efficiency of cellular systems. In this paper we present a set of multiuser detection techniques for the uplink transmission in clustered architectures based on the C-RAN (Centralized-Radio Access Network) concept. We consider BS cooperation systems employing a universal frequency reuse approach. Our performance results demonstrate that by employing clustered techniques for the detection procedure it is possible to reduce substantially the signal processing complexity and the side information that must be transmitted by the backhaul structure.     

Can the minimal supersymmetric standard model with light bottom squark and light gluino survive Z-peak constraints?

In the framework of the minimal supersymmetric model we examine the Z-peak constraints on the scenario of one light bottom squark (sbottom) ( approximately 2-5.5 GeV) and light gluino (approximately 12-16 GeV), which has been successfully used to explain the excess of bottom quark production in hadron collisions. Such a scenario is found to be severely constrained by the CERN LEP Z-peak observables, especially by R(b), due to the large effect of gluino-sbottom loops. To account for the R(b) data in this scenario, the other mass eigenstate of sbottom, i.e., the heavier one, must be lighter than 125 (195) GeV at 2sigma(3sigma) level, which, however, is disfavored by CERN LEP II experiments.     

Present Status of the Bethe–Salpeter Approach in Minkowski Space

Recently developed methods allowing to find the solutions of the Bethe–Salpeter equations in Minkowski space, both for the bound and scattering states, are reviewed. For the bound states, one obtains the bound state mass and the corresponding BS amplitude. For the scattering states, the phase shifts (complex above the meson creation threshold) and the half-off-shell BS amplitude are found. Using these solutions, the elastic and transition electromagnetic form factors are calculated.     

Study of ~t and ~b at LHC

In supersymmetric models a gluino can decay intotb _x ^~ ₁ ^+- through a stop or a sbottom. The decay chain produces an edge structure in the m_tb distribution. Monte Carlo simulation studies show that the end-point and the edge height would be measured at the CERN LHC by using a sideband subtraction technique. The stop and sbottom masses as well as their decay branching ratios are constrained by the measurement. We study interpretations of the measurement.     

Null-plane dynamics for few-quark systems

A Lorentz-invariant formulation of the 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator is proposed for serving as the confining part of the kernel of a Bethe-Salpeter equation for aqq system, and likewise for aqqq system. Such a kernel is amenable to an effective 3-dimensional reduction in the null-plane approximation (NPA), so as to maintain explicit NPA-covariance for the (reduced) BS equations as well as the corresponding wave functions. This rectifies the mathematical limitation of an earlier BS formulation (by Mitra and coworkers) forqq andqqq systems with non-covariant h. o. kernels which was restricted to the instantaneous approximation and was therefore valid only for slowly moving hadrons. The present (covariant) formulation agrees exactly with the earlier (non-covariant) treatment for hadrons at rest, thus preserving all the physical results on mass spectra, etc., obtained with the latter, but is now formally applicable to processes involving hadrons in motion.     

Light bottom squark and gluino confront electroweak precision measurements

We address the compatibility of a light sbottom (mass approximately 2-5.5 GeV) and a light gluino (mass approximately 12-16 GeV) with electroweak precision measurements. Such light particles have been suggested to explain the observed excess in the b quark production cross section at the Tevatron. The electroweak observables may be affected by the sbottom and gluino through the supersymmetric-QCD (SUSY-QCD) corrections to the Zbb vertex. We examine, in addition to the SUSY-QCD corrections, the gauge boson propagator corrections from the stop which are allowed to be light from the SU(2)(L) symmetry. We find that this scenario is strongly disfavored from electroweak precision measurements.     

Glass silanization with blocked-isocyanate for the fabrication of DNA microarrays

Microarray glass slides were functionalized with isocyanate-γ-propyltrimethoxysilane and characterized by atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements. The coating was also tested in microarray DNA hybridization experiments using fluorescence microscopy for the detection of the spots. Isocyanate groups were blocked with both methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) or bisulfite (BS). Contact angle measurements showed that BS blocking agent makes glass slide more hydrophilic than MEKO one likely because of the presence of ionic groups. Atomic force microscopy shows the presence of a continuous domain with some depressed areas that could be attributed to silanized and unmodified glass, respectively. Binding tests for amino-functionalized oligonucleotides did not evidence any difference between the two blocking systems. In contrast to these results, the hybridization efficiency of the two systems are different, since probes spotted on MEKO blocked slides show a fluorescence intensity which is about three times higher than those achieved with BS slides.MEKO blocked glass surface gave very interesting results in terms of ease of preparation and use, sensitivity and selectivity in binding and hybridization as well as a low background noise.     

Strange (K) nuclear systems (S=-1)

Λ(1405) is considered as a superposition of two resonances instead of a simple bound state of the kaon and proton. Within the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF) theory, we have investigated the K nuclear systems (S=-1), especially K- pp and K- pnn(T=1). The binding energy BK-is 23 MeV (3 MeV) and the width Γ is 62 MeV (56 MeV) for K-pp(K-pnn(T=1)).     

顶超对称夸克“非汉字符号”与重夸克的束缚态质谱

基于实验尚未完全排除最轻的超对称夸克伴子———标量顶夸克 t1( t1)的寿命可相当长 ,以至在它产生后衰变之前有机会与通常夸克或胶子形成‘强子’的可能性的这一事实 ,建立了这一标量顶夸克 t1( t1)和另一重夸克Q( Q)组成的颜色单态束缚态 (c t1)和 (b t1) (以及它们反粒子相应的束缚态 )的贝特 -沙皮特方程 ,并借助瞬时近似求出了相应束缚态的质谱     

Outage Performance Analysis of NOMA in Wireless Powered Cognitive Radio Networks with AF and DF Relaying Techniques

Improving spectral efficiency under a certain energy limitation is an important design metric for future wireless communications as a response to the growing transmission demand of wireless devices. In order to improve spectral efficiency for communication systems without increasing energy consumption, this paper considers a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)–based cognitive radio network, with the assistance of a wireless-powered relay station (RS), and then analyzes the system outage performance under amplified-and-forward (AF) and decoded-and-forward (DF) cooperative transmission modes. Specifically, the base station (BS) has the opportunity to cooperate by transmitting information through the RS, depending on whether the RS can harvest sufficient RF energy for cooperative transmission. That is to say, when the energy stored by the RS is sufficient for cooperative transmission, the RS will assist the BS to forward information; otherwise, the BS will send information through direct links, while the RS converts the radio frequency (RF) signals sent by the BS into energy for future transmission. Moreover, the transmission power required by the RS for cooperative transmission is usually relatively large, while the amount of harvested energy by the RS in a transmission slot is usually low, so it takes several consecutive time slots to accumulate enough transmission energy. To this end, we utilize a discrete-time Markov chain to describe the processes of charging and discharging of the RS. Subsequently, we derive the closed-form outage probabilities of both the primary and secondary systems for the considered system in AF and DF modes through mathematical analysis, and verify the accuracy of the analyses through Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that the two proposed cooperative transmission schemes with AF and DF relaying techniques outperform both direct transmission and other similar schemes in both the primary and secondary system, while the DF scheme can provide better performance than the AF scheme within the range of setting values.     

Complementarity in atomic (finite-level quantum) systems: an information-theoretic approach

We develop an information theoretic interpretation of the number-phase complementarity in atomic systems, where phase is treated as a continuous positive operator valued measure (POVM). The relevant uncertainty principle is obtained as an upper bound on a sum of knowledge of these two observables for the case of two-level systems. A tighter bound characterizing the uncertainty relation is obtained numerically in terms of a weighted knowledge sum involving these variables. We point out that complementarity in these systems departs from mutual unbiasededness in two significant ways: first, the maximum knowledge of a POVM variable is less than log (dimension) bits; second, surprisingly, for higher dimensional systems, the unbiasedness may not be mutual but unidirectional in that phase remains unbiased with respect to number states, but not vice versa. Finally, we study the effect of non-dissipative and dissipative noise on these complementary variables for a single-qubit system.     

B_s → f_0 (980) Transition Form Factors Within the k_T Factorization Approach

In the paper, we apply the kT factorization approach to deal with the Bs → f0 (980) transition form factors in the large recoil regions, i.e. the small q 2 regions. For the purpose, we adopt the B-meson wave-functions ΨB , ΨB and δ that include the three-Fock states contributions to do our discussion. Although the scalar meson f0 (980) is widely perceived as the 4-quark bound state (scenario 2), but the distribution amplitudes of 4-quark states are still unknown to us, so we adopt 2-quark model (scenario 1) for scalar meson f0 (980) in our discussion. By varying the B-meson wave-function parameters within their reasonable regions, we obtain F0(0) = F+(0) = 0.20 ± 0.02, FT(0) = 0.24 ± 0.02. Our present results for these form factors are consistent with the light-cone sum rule results obtained in the literature.