Emergence and expansion of cosmic space as due to <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>0-branes

Recently, Padmanabhan (arXiv:1206.4916 [hep-th]) discussed that the difference between the number of degrees of freedom on the boundary surface and the number of degrees of freedom in a bulk region causes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The main question arising is: what is the origin of this inequality between the surface degrees of freedom and the bulk degrees of freedom? We answer this question in M-theory. In our model, first M0-branes are compactified on one circle and N D0-branes are created. Then N D0-branes join each other, grow, and form one D5-branes. Next, the D5-brane is compactified on two circles and our universe’s D3-brane, two D1-branes and some extra energies are produced. After that, one of the D1-branes, which is closer to the universe’s brane, gives its energy into it, and this leads to an increase in the difference between the numbers of degrees of freedom and the occurring inflation era. With the disappearance of this D1-brane, the number of degrees of freedom of boundary surface and bulk region become equal and inflation ends. At this stage, extra energies that are produced due to the compactification cause an expansion of the universe and deceleration epoch. Finally, another D1-brane dissolves in our universe’s brane, leads to an inequality between degrees of freedom, and there occurs a new phase of acceleration.     

Emergence and expansion of cosmic space in an accelerating BIon

The European Physical Journal C - In this paper, we calculate the $$Brightarrow D$$ transition form factors (TFFs) within the light-cone sum rules (LCSRs) and predict the ratio $$mathcal {R}(D)$$...     

On non-linear action of multiple M2-branes

A non-linear SO(8)$\mathit{SO}(8)$ invariant BF type Lagrangian for describing the dynamics of N M2-branes in flat spacetime has been proposed recently in the literature which is an extension of the non-abelian DBI action of N   D2-branes. This action includes only terms with even number of the totally antisymmetric tensor MIJK$M^{IJK}$. We argue that the action should contain terms with odd number of MIJL$M^{IJL}$ as well. We modify the action to include them.     

Central charges of Liouville and Toda theories from M5-branes

We show that the central charge of the Liouville and Toda theories of type A, D, and E can be reproduced by equivariantly integrating the anomaly eight-form of the corresponding six-dimensional N=(0,2) theories, which describe the low-energy dynamics of M5-branes.     

Mass deformation of the multiple M2-branes theory

Based on recent developments, in this paper we study the one parameter deformation of 2+1-dimensional gauge theories with scale invariance and N = 8mathcal{N} = 8 supersymmetry, which is expected to be the field theory living on a stack of M2-branes. The deformed gauge theory is defined by the Lagrangian and is based on an infinite set of novel 3-algebras constructed by relaxing the assumption that the invariant metric is positive definite. Under the Higgs mechanism, we can develop the D-branes world volume theory in the presence of background fluxes.     

Absorption of dilaton partial waves by D3-branes

We calculate the leading term in the low-energy absorption cross section for an arbitrary partial wave of the dilaton field by a stack of many coincident D3-branes. We find that it precisely reproduces the semiclassical absorption cross section of a 3-brane geometry, including all numerical factors. The crucial ingredient in making the correspondence is the identification of the precise operators on the D3-brane world-volume which couple to the dilaton field and all its derivatives. The needed operators are related through T-duality and the IIA/M-theory correspondence to the recently determined M(atrix) theory expressions for multiple moments of the 11D supercurrent. These operators have a characteristic symmetrized trace structure which plays a key combinatorial role in the analysis for the higher partial waves. The results presented here give new evidence for an infinite family of non-renormalization theorems which are believed to exist for two-point functions in N=4 gauge theory in four dimensions.     

Higher abelian gauge theory associated to gerbes on noncommutative deformed M5-branes and S-duality

We enhance the action of higher abelian gauge theory associated to a gerbe on an M5-brane with an action of a torus ${\mathbb{T}}^n(n\ge 2)$, by a noncommutative ${\mathbb{T}}^n$-deformation of the M5-brane. The ingredients of the noncommutative action and equations of motion include the deformed Hodge duality, deformed wedge product, and the noncommutative integral over the noncommutative space obtained by strict deformation quantization. As an application we then introduce a variant model with an enhanced action in which we show that the corresponding partition function is a modular form, which is a purely noncommutative geometry phenomenon since the usual theory only has a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-symmetry. In particular, S-duality in this 6-dimensional higher abelian gauge theory model is shown to be, in this sense, on par with the usual 4-dimensional case.     

Modulation of galactic cosmic ray intensities by coronal mass ejections into interplanetary space

The data on the measurements of the intensities of galactic cosmic rays with proton energies greater than 30 MeV are compared with the data on the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field measured on board the Vega-1 and Vega-2 automated interplanetary stations. Modulation structures with characteristic shapes and durations, namely quasi-symmetric (“bays”) short-term Forbush decreases of intensity, are revealed. It is shown that these Forbush decreases were recorded due to the stations flying through coronal mass-ejection regions. Original Russian Text ? E.A. Chuchkov, V.I. Tulupov, V.P. Okhlopkov, G.P. Lyubimov, 2009, published in Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Fizika, 2009, No. 3, pp. 90–93.     

Optical oscillation modes of plasmon particles observed in direct space by phase-contrast near-field microscopy

Light distributions near resonant metal nanoparticles are recorded by a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM), for the first time with a sub-particle-size resolution (<10 nm) and with simultaneous amplitude and phase contrast. The images depict the optical oscillation patterns of single plasmon particles. Examples are presented of particles excited in dominantly dipolar and quadrupolar modes, and also of closely spaced particles sustaining a gap mode. The gap mode can provide enhanced optical fields in nanometric spots for non-linear and single-molecule spectroscopy applications. Received: 20 June 2001 / Revised version: 3 August 2001 / Published online: 19 September 2001     

Emergence of self-replicating structures in a cellular automata space

Past cellular automata models of self-replication have always been initialized with an original copy of the structure that will replicate, and have been based on a transition function that only works for a single, specific structure. This article demonstrates for the first time that it is possible to create cellular automata models in which a self-replicating structure emerges from an initial state having a random density and distribution of individual components. These emergent self-replicating structures employ a fairly general rule set that can support the replication of structures of different sizes and their growth from smaller to larger ones. This rule set also allows “random” interactions of self-replicating structures with each other and with other structures within the cellular automata space. Systematic simulations show that emergence and growth of replicants occurs often and is essentially independent of the cellular space size, initial random pattern of components, and initial density of components, over a broad range of these parameters. The number of replicants and the total number of components they incorporate generally approach quasi-stable values with time.