Pt／C—SPE和PtRu／C—SPE膜电极上甲醇的催化氧化

采用化学还原法制得直接甲醇燃料电池中甲醇阳极氧化的Ｐｔ／Ｃ和ＰｔＲｕ／Ｃ催化剂，结果表明后者比前者具有更高的催化活性，通过ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ的分析，阐明了对提高甲醇电催人活性的作用。     

电化学合成Pt-Au复合催化剂及其对甲醇的电催化氧化

在ITO导电玻璃上, 采用循环伏安法制备Pt-Au复合催化剂. 通过扫描电镜(SEM), X射线能量色散谱(EDX), X射线衍射(XRD)及其电化学方法对催化剂样品进行了表征. SEM结果表明, Pt-Au复合催化剂的形貌近似球状粒子. 循环伏安法和计时电流法的测试结果表明, 复合催化剂中Au的加入有利于甲醇的电催化氧化, 并提高了Pt对甲醇氧化的抗毒化能力. 同时研究了复合催化剂中Au的不同含量对甲醇氧化的影响, 结果表明, 当 Pt和Au物质的量比为1.07∶1时, Pt-Au/ITO催化剂具有最佳的甲醇电催化氧化活性.     

碳纳米管负载铂催化剂的制备及其对甲醇的电催化氧化研究

0引言Pt金属是直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)常用的催化剂犤1～3犦。为了尽可能减少Pt金属用量,提高Pt的分散度,人们总是选择具有高表面积的基质,如石墨、碳黑、活性碳、分子筛、质子交换膜等,作为Pt金属的载体犤3～5犦。最初,人们以为载体的作用仅仅是提供表面积和多孔气体扩散电极的骨架,使Pt微粒可以有更大的比表面积与反应物接触,但是现在普遍认为犤1犦,当Pt金属负载在活性炭上时,它们中的催化性能有一部分应归结于金属和载体之间的相互作用,因此,载体的形貌及物理化学性质直接影响着催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性。碳纳米管(CNTs)由于…     

Co3O4/Ti电催化膜电极制备及其苯甲醇催化氧化性能

本文采用浸渍涂覆法成功制备出多孔Ti负载纳米Co₃O₄电催化膜电极（Co₃O₄/Ti）,以该膜电极为阳极,辅助电极为阴极,构建电催化膜反应器（electrocatalytic membrane reactor,ECMR）用于可控催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛和苯甲酸,并考察了 Co₃O₄/Ti 膜电极结构、电化学性能以及ECMR不同操作参数对苯甲醇转化率、苯甲醛和苯甲酸选择性的影响. 结果表明,负载Co₃O₄纳米颗粒可以显著提高Ti膜电极的电化学性能和催化活性. 在常温常压下,当反应物苯甲醇浓度为10 mmol·L^-1,pH为7.0,停留时间为5.0 min,电流密度为2.5 mA·cm^-2,苯甲醇的转化率达到49.8%,苯甲醛选择性为51.5%,苯甲酸选择性为23.6%.     

聚四氨基镍酞菁膜修饰电极对甲巯咪唑的电催化氧化

用循环伏安法(CV)研究了聚四氨基镍酞菁膜修饰电极(p-NiTAPc/GCE)对甲巯咪唑的电催化氧化行为,在pH=2的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,与未修饰玻碳电极(GCE)相比,甲巯咪唑在p-NiTAPc/GCE上的氧化峰电位(Epa)负移157mV左右,氧化峰电流(Ipa)变为原来的2.6倍多,在2.0×10-5~1.0×10-3 mol·L-1范围内有良好的线性关系,回收率在90%以上,同时,p-NiTAPc/GCE对甲巯咪唑的电催化氧化活性有很高的稳定性。     

中空树枝状三氧化钨载铂催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化性能研究

采用水热法和牺牲模板法相结合制备具有中空树枝结构的三氧化钨载体(d-WO₃),在其表面进一步负载活性成分Pt,得到纳米Pt/d-WO₃复合催化剂。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和比表面积和孔结构分析(BET)等对催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征。结果表明,三氧化钨具有长6 μm和宽2 μm的中空树枝状结构,孔径分布主要集中在20~120 nm,比表面积为24 m²/g,平均粒径为7.2 nm的Pt纳米粒子均匀分布在其表面。采用循环伏安和计时电流法研究了Pt/d-WO₃催化剂在酸性溶液中对甲醇的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,Pt/d-WO₃催化剂比Pt/C和Pt/WO₃催化剂对甲醇有更高的电催化氧化活性和稳定性。d-WO₃所具有的中空介孔结构和双功能作用机理有利于甲醇在铂表面的直接脱氢氧化过程。     

碳载Ｐt—TiO2复合催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

报道了通过化学还原和溶胶－凝胶法制备不同组成的Pt-TiO2/C催化剂及其对甲醇的氧化反应，结果表明，该催化剂具有很好的电催化活性和稳定性，催化剂中的Ti和Pt的原子比为1／2时，催化剂的性能最好，在500℃下热处理后，催化剂的性能得以进一步的改善，这种催化剂有望能在DMFC中获得实际使用。     

纳米氧化锰负载钛基电催化膜制备及其苯甲醇催化氧化性能

利用乳液法制备出MnO_x纳米颗粒,将其负载于微孔管式钛膜制得MnO_x负载钛基电催化膜(MnO_x/Ti).运用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(CA)等表征方法系统考察了不同焙烧温度下MnO_x晶型结构、MnO_x/Ti催化膜电化学性能以及催化氧化苯甲醇的变化规律.结果表明:随着焙烧温度的升高, MnO_x的晶型由初始的Birnessite-MnO₂逐渐转变为K_0.27MnO₂,再由Mn3O4最终转变为α-MnO₂.所得MnO_x/Ti膜中, α-MnO₂晶粒尺寸小于30 nm,结晶度较高,颗粒分布均匀.同时,由于其含有不饱和配位的锰原子和氧空位以及与基体Ti之间存在键合作用,表现出优异的电化学性能和催化性能.以450 ℃焙烧所得的α-MnO₂/Ti为阳极构建电催化膜反应器催化氧化苯甲醇.在反应温度为25 ℃, 50mmol·L^-1苯甲醇水溶液,电流密度为2 mA·cm^-2,停留时间为15 min的条件下,膜反应器苯甲醇转化率达64%,苯甲醛选择性为79%.     

高分散PtRu/C催化剂的制备及对甲醇及吸附态CO的电催化氧化

采用化学还原浸渍法在两种不同条件下制备炭载PtRu催化剂,通过XRD和TEM技术对催化剂的晶体结构及微观形貌进行了分析,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法来检测不同条件下制备的催化剂对甲醇及吸附态CO(COad)电催化氧化活性的影响.结果表明,不同条件下制备的催化剂Pt和Ru形成合金的程度不同,Pt-Ru合金原子的颗粒在载体炭上的粒径大小和分布不同,导致催化剂对甲醇及COad的电氧化催化活性不同.其中以甲醛为还原剂在乙二醇体系中制备的催化剂PtRu/C-2能形成较好的合金状态,粒径小,分布均匀,对甲醇及COad的氧化具有较高的电催化活性.     

A New Heated Nickel Oxyhydroxide Covered Nickel Wire Electrode and Its Improved Electrocatalytic Oxidation for Methanol

A new heated nickel oxyhydroxide covered nickel wire electrode (HNONE) was fabricated and AC heating circuit was used to heat the electrode. Furthermore, the improved electrocatalytic activity of the HNONE for methanol oxidation at elevated electrode temperature was demonstrated. A detection limit of 2.1×10^?4 M (S/N=3) could be obtained with an electrode temperature of 80 °C, about one magnitude lower than that at room temperature 20°. And the sensitivity was also enhanced about 10 times.     

甲醇在铂微粒修饰的聚硫堇电极上的电催化氧化

利用电化学循环伏安和现场ＦＴＩＲ反射光谱等技术研究了甲醇在铂微粒修饰的聚硫堇电极上的电催化氧化。结果表明，循环伏安法制备的铂微粒均匀分散于聚合物膜上，其粒径大小约为３０－１３０ｎｍ；复合修饰电极对甲醇电化学氧化呈现了较高的催化活性，其催化活性的大小依赖于Ｐｔ载量。现场ＦＴＩＲ光谱实验揭示了线性吸附的ＣＯ物种是甲醇在复合电极上氧化的唯一中间体，这种吸附的ＣＯ物种在复合修饰电极上更容易被氧化为最终产物     

载铂微粒的聚苯胺薄膜电极对甲醇的电催化氧化

用电化学方法制备的载有金属铂微粒的聚苯胺（ＰＡｎ）膜电极对甲醇在硫酸中的电化学氧化具有很高的催化活性。电极材料中的铂微粒是沿着聚苯胺的纤维分布的，而且主要沉积在ＰＡｎ膜的表面。     

High-Performance Bismuth-Doped Nickel Aerogel Electrocatalyst for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Low-cost, non-noble-metal electrocatalysts are required for direct methanol fuel cells, but their development has been hindered by limited activity, high onset potential, low conductivity, and poor durability. A surface electronic structure tuning strategy is presented, which involves doping of a foreign oxophilic post-transition metal onto transition metal aerogels to achieve a non-noble-metal aerogel Ni₉₇Bi₃ with unprecedented electrocatalytic activity and durability in methanol oxidation. Trace amounts of Bi are atomically dispersed on the surface of the Ni₉₇Bi₃ aerogel, which leads to an optimum shift of the d-band center of Ni, large compressive strain of Bi, and greatly increased conductivity of the aerogel. The electrocatalyst is endowed with abundant active sites, efficient electron and mass transfer, resistance to CO poisoning, and outstanding performance in methanol oxidation. This work sheds light on the design of high-performance non-noble-metal electrocatalysts.     

铂/聚邻甲基苯胺/碳材料掺杂碳糊电极对甲醇的催化氧化

以石墨和液体石蜡油为主要原料,分别制备了掺杂不同量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、石墨烯(GRA)、电容活性炭(YEC)和电池活性炭(YBC)的多种碳糊底电极Y-CPE(Y代表各种掺杂碳材料,CPE代表纯碳糊电极).采用恒电位法在-0.10 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将铂电沉积到这些电极上.结果表明,当电池碳的含量为14%时,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极对甲醇具有最好的电催化氧化活性.采用恒电位方法在0.85 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将聚邻甲基苯胺(POT)电聚合沉积到纯碳糊电极CPE和含有电池碳的YBC-CPE(14%)电极上,得到复合电极POT/CPE和POT/YBC-CPE(14%),再通过恒电位方法将铂电沉积到这2个复合电极上.扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,在Pt/CPE,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%),Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)4个复合电极中,在Pt/POT/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极上的铂粒子的尺寸最小,并且Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极电催化氧化甲醇活性最高.在POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)上Pt纳米颗粒的电沉积过程是一个近似的3D成核过程.研究还发现,复合电极Pt/POT/CPE和Pt/POT/YBC-CPE电催化氧化甲醇的活性随POT膜厚度的增加先增大后减少,存在一个最佳的膜厚度.     

Effect of Rotation Rate on the Formation of Platinum-modified Polyaniline Film and Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol

The oxidation of methanol was investigated on platinum-modified polyaniline electrode.Changes in the electrode rotation rates (Ω) during platinum electrodeposition remarkably affect the formation and distribution of platinum in the polymer matrix and consequently lead to different currents of methanol oxidation. The results show that platinum loading is proportional to rotation rates Ω^1/2.     

Promoter Effects of Rare Earth Ions on Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol

The promoter effects of rare earth ions on the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at the Pt electrode were studied using the cyclinc voltammetry and stable polarization techniques. It was found or the first time that Eu、Ho、Dy ions could accelerate the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at the Pt electrode,while Lu、Pr、Yb、Sm ions showed inhibitor effects.     

硬脂酸镍与焦性没食子酸的热致变色反应研究

本文报道了硬脂酸镍(NiSt₂)和焦性没食子酸(Pyrogallic acid,PGA)的热致变色现象,研究了热敏涂层的显色密度随加热温度和时间的变化关系.结果表明,涂层密度随温度的升高和时间的延长而增大.通过溶解度实验和吸收光谱的分析,推测了热致变色的可能产物是NiSt₂和PGA生成的某种分子化合物,该分子化合物随浓度的增加可能形成某种分子聚集体,在可见光区产生新的吸收峰.     

High‐Performance Bismuth‐Doped Nickel Aerogel Electrocatalyst for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction

Low‐cost, non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts are required for direct methanol fuel cells, but their development has been hindered by limited activity, high onset potential, low conductivity, and poor durability. A surface electronic structure tuning strategy is presented, which involves doping of a foreign oxophilic post‐transition metal onto transition metal aerogels to achieve a non‐noble‐metal aerogel Ni₉₇Bi₃ with unprecedented electrocatalytic activity and durability in methanol oxidation. Trace amounts of Bi are atomically dispersed on the surface of the Ni₉₇Bi₃ aerogel, which leads to an optimum shift of the d‐band center of Ni, large compressive strain of Bi, and greatly increased conductivity of the aerogel. The electrocatalyst is endowed with abundant active sites, efficient electron and mass transfer, resistance to CO poisoning, and outstanding performance in methanol oxidation. This work sheds light on the design of high‐performance non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts.     

Bifunctional versus Defect-Mediated Effects in Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

The most prominent and intensively studied anode catalyst material for direct methanol oxidation fuel cells consists of a combination of platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru). Classically, their high performance is attributed to a bifunctional reaction mechanism where Ru sites provide oxygen species at lower overpotential than Pt. In turn, they oxidize the adsorbed carbonaceous reaction intermediates at lower overpotential; among these, the Pt site-blocking carbon monoxide. We demonstrate that well-defined Pt modified Ru(0001) single crystal electrodes, with varying Pt contents and different local PtRu configurations at the surface, are unexpectedly inactive for the methanol oxidation reaction. This observation stands in contradiction with theoretical predictions and the concept of bifunctional catalysis for this reaction. Instead, we suggest that pure Pt defect sites play a more critical role than bifunctional defect sites on the electrodes investigated in this work.