Establishment and Quality Assessment of Tissue Cultures in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

In this study, seedling, callus, cell, and adventitious root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. have been established. In order to find the best one for producing G. uralensis active constituents, triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids in native root and tissue cultures were determined, and the contents in different G. uralensis materials were analyzed using cluster analysis. The contents of triterpenoid saponins and glycyrrhizic acid in tissue cultures were much lower than that in native G. uralensis. The total flavonoids content we determined in adventitious root was 6.31 mg?g^?1, which was close to that of native root (9.82 mg?g^?1). Based on the cluster analysis, we found that G. uralensis cultures were not suitable for production of glycyrrhizic acid, while adventitious root had a greater capability of flavonoids production comparing to seedling, callus, and cell.     

Cerium-Promoted Ginsenosides Accumulation by Regulating Endogenous Methyl Jasmonate Biosynthesis in Hairy Roots of Panax ginseng

Among rare earth elements, cerium has the unique ability of regulating the growth of plant cells and the biosynthesis of metabolites at different stages of plant development. The signal pathways of Ce³⁺-mediated ginsenosides biosynthesis in ginseng hairy roots were investigated. At a low concentration, Ce³⁺ improved the elongation and biomass of hairy roots. The Ce³⁺-induced accumulation of ginsenosides showed a high correlation with the reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the biosynthesis of endogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ginsenoside key enzyme genes (PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS). At a Ce³⁺ concentration of 20 mg L⁻¹, the total ginsenoside content was 1.7-fold, and the total ginsenosides yield was 2.7-fold that of the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the ROS production rate were significantly higher than those of the control. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly activated within the Ce³⁺ concentration range of 10 to 30 mg L⁻¹. The activity of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) strengthened with the increasing concentration of Ce³⁺ in the range of 20–40 mg L⁻¹. The Ce³⁺ exposure induced transient production of superoxide anion (O₂^•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Together with the increase in the intracellular MeJA level and enzyme activity for lipoxygenase (LOX), there was an increase in the gene expression level of MeJA biosynthesis including PgLOX, PgAOS and PgJMT. Our results also revealed that Ce³⁺ did not directly influence PgSS, PgSE and PgDDS activity. We speculated that Ce³⁺-induced ROS production could enhance the accumulation of ginsenosides in ginseng hairy roots via the direct stimulation of enzyme genes for MeJA biosynthesis. This study demonstrates a potential approach for understanding and improving ginsenoside biosynthesis that is regulated by Ce³⁺-mediated signal transduction.     

Change in Secondary Metabolites and Expression Pattern of Key Rosmarinic Acid Related Genes in Iranian Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Ecotypes Using Methyl Jasmonate Treatments

The medicinal herb, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), which is high in rosmarinic acid (RA), has well-known therapeutic value. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on RA content, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC), as well as changes in expression of their biosynthesis-related key genes (MoPAL, Mo4CL, and MoRAS) in Iranian lemon balm ecotypes, as first reported. Our results revealed that MeJA doses significantly increase the RA content, TPC, and TFC in both ecotypes compared with the control samples. Additionally, the higher expression levels of MoPAL, Mo4CL, and MoRAS following treatment were linked to RA accumulation in all treatments for both Iranian lemon balm ecotypes. After 24 h of exposure to 150 µM MeJA concentration, HPLC analysis showed that MeJA significantly increased RA content in Esfahan and Ilam ecotypes, which was about 4.18- and 7.43-fold higher than untreated plants. Our findings suggested that MeJA has a considerable influence on RA, TPC, and TFC accumulation in MeJA-treated Iranian M. officinalis, which might be the result of gene activation from the phenylpropanoid pathway. As a result of our findings, we now have a better understanding of the molecular processes behind RA production in lemon balm plants.     

Synthesis and antioxidant activity of sterically hindered bis-pyrocatechol thioethers

A reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone with 1,2- and 1,6-dithiols was used to obtain the corresponding bis-pyrocatechol thioethers; a comparative evaluation of their antioxidant activity was carried out. The synthesized thioethers, 2-(4,6-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydroxyphenylsulfanyl)acetic acid, and 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrocatechol were studied in the reaction with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical. The influence of these compounds on the autooxidation process of oleic (cis-octadec-9-enoic) acid was studied. The antioxidant activity of bis-pyrocatechol thioethers was manifested in the reaction with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical in the process of autooxidation of oleic acid, which was confirmed by the experimental EC₅₀ values, the data on the number of transformed molecules of stable radical ( ⁿ DPPH), and the relative content of oleic acid hydroperoxides. Bis-pyrocatechol thioethers were found to exhibit the inhibitory activity in the course of oxidation of glutathione induced by 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride.     

Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae) Hairy Roots with Antigenotoxic and Anti-Photogenotoxic Activity

Hairy root cultures are considered as a valuable source of bioactive phytoconstituents with expanding applicability for their production. In the present study, hairy root cultures of Polyscias filicifolia (Araliaceae), a traditional Southeast Asian medicinal plant, were established. The transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 allowed to obtain 15 root lines. The K-1 line, demonstrating the highest growth capabilities, was subjected to further investigations. To enhance the biosynthetic potential of hairy roots, methyl jasmonate elicitation approach was applied (MeJA; at different doses and exposure time), with subsequent transfer of elicited roots to control medium. This strategy resulted in chlorogenic acid production up to 1.59 mg/g dry weight. HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS analysis demonstrated variation in extracts composition and allowed to identify different caffeic and ferulic acid derivatives. Next, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anti-photogenotoxic properties of hairy roots extracts were determined. None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic. In addition, they demonstrated significant antigenotoxic activity with the highest protective potential; up to 52% and 49% of inhibition of induction ratio (IR) induced by the 2-aminoanthracene was revealed for extracts derived from hairy roots elicited for 3 days with 50 µM MeJA and roots elicited for 7 days with 100 µM MeJA and then transferred for 30 days to control medium, respectively. These same extracts exhibited the highest anti-photogenotoxic potential, up to 36% of inhibition of chloropromazine-induced genotoxicity.     

Influence of Osmotic Stress on Fermentative Production of Succinic Acid by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Actinobacillus succinogenes</Emphasis>

This study investigated the influence of osmotic stress on succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113. Both cell growth and succinic acid production were inhibited with the increase in osmotic stress of the medium. The use of three different osmoprotectants in the production of succinic acid was studied in order to decrease the inhibitory effects of osmotic stress during fermentation. Results indicated that proline offers optimal osmoprotection in the production of succinic acid by A. succinogenes NJ113. In tests of batch fermentation, the maximum cell concentration was observed to be 5.36 g DCW/L after the addition of 25 mmol/L proline to the fermentation medium. The cell concentration was 24% higher than that noted for the control. A total quantity of 56.2 g/L of succinic acid was produced, with a production rate of 1 g/L per hour, after 56 h of fermentation. The concentration and productivity of succinic acid was observed to be increased by 22.2% and 22%, respectively, as compared with the control. The specific activity levels of key enzymes in the metabolic network was noted to be higher following the addition of proline, particularly in the later stages of fermentation. This method of enhancing succinic acid production by the addition of an osmoprotectant may potentially provide an alternative approach for enhanced production of other organic acids.     

Phenylalanine Increases the Production of Antioxidant Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba Cell Cultures

The aims of this study were to evaluate the antioxidant properties, to investigate the content of major secondary metabolites in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures, and to determine the change in the production of phenolic acids by adding phenylalanine to the culture medium. Three in vitro methods, which depend on different mechanisms, were used for assessing the antioxidant activity of the extract: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), reducing power and Fe²⁺ chelating activity assays. The extract showed moderate activity both in the DPPH and in the reducing power assays (IC₅₀ = 1.966 ± 0.058 mg/mL; ASE/mL = 16.31 ± 1.20); instead, it was found to possess good chelating properties reaching approximately 70% activity at the highest tested dose. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and condensed tannin content of G. biloba cell culture extract was spectrophotometrically determined. The phenolic acid content was investigated by RP-HPLC, and the major metabolites—protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids—were isolated and investigated by ¹H NMR. The results showed that phenylalanine added to G. biloba cell cultures at concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 mg/150 mL increased the production of phenolic acids. Cultures that were grown for 3 weeks and collected after 4 days of phenylalanine supplementation at high concentration showed maximal content of phenolic acids (73.76 mg/100 g DW).     

Optimization of Effect Factors for Mycelial Growth and Exopolysaccharide Production by Schizophyllum commune

This paper is concerned with the optimization of effect factors for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production by Schizophyllum commune by one-factor-at-a-time and orthogonal methods. The one-factor-at-a-time method was adopted to investigate the effects of six different compounds (sodium carboxymethylcellulose, l-glutamic acid, V_B1, naphthalene acetic acid, oleic acid, and Tween 80) on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide production. Among these factors, oleic acid, V_B1 and Tween 80 were identified to be the most important factors. Subsequently, the concentration of oleic acid, V_B1 and Tween 80 were optimized using the orthogonal matrix method. The effects of the factors on the mycelial growth of S. commune were in the order of oleic acid > V_B1 > Tween 80, and those on exopolysaccharide production were in the same order. The optimal concentration for mycelia and exopolysaccharide were determined as oleic acid 0.1% (v/v), V_B1 0.5 mg/L, and Tween 80 6 mg/L. The subsequent verification experiments confirmed the validity of the models. Under this optimized conditions in shake flask culture, the mycelial yield and exo-biopolymer production were 25.93 and 2.79 g/L, respectively, which were considerably higher than those obtained in the preliminary studies. The result was further confirmed in a 7-L fermentor experiments.     

Production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide by cell cultures ofPanax notoginseng andPanax ginseng

The effects of various combinations of the two kinds of phytohormones, auxin and cytokinin, on cell growth and production of ginseng saponin and polysaccharide were investigated in suspension cultures ofPanax notoginseng. It was found that a high concentration of kinetin (KT) (7 mg/L) seriously inhibited cell growth, but that of benzyl adenine (BA) did not. Under 0.7 mg/L of cytokinin (i.e., KT and BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 0.2 mg/L was better for the cell cultures than that at 2 or 20 mg/L; and for both naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole acetic acid (IAA), 20 mg/L was their best level for the cell cultures. The highest cell concentration of 11.9 g/L (by dry wt) was obtained with the combination of 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of BA. The highest saponin content of 13.9% was achieved under 2.0 mg/L IAA and 0.07 mg/L KT; its highest production, i.e., 1.13 g/L, was obtained at 0.2 mg/L of 2,4-D and 0.7 mg/L of KT. Under 20 mg/L NAA and 0.7 mg/L KT, the highest polysaccharide content and production were reached, i.e., 16.4% and 1.86 g/L, respectively. In this work, the effects of phytohormones onP. ginseng cell cultures were also studied. A high saponin production of 1.78 g/L was observed at 10 mg/L of indole butyric acid and 0.1 mg/L of BA, and the highest production of polysaccharide (1.95 g/L) was reached with the combination of 10 mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L KT.     

Mushroom Polysaccharides and Lipids Synthesized in Liquid Agitated and Static Cultures. Part II: Study of Volvariella volvacea

Volvariella volvacea strains were studied in relation with their ability to produce biomass, lipids and polysaccharides. Firstly, screening of four strains (AMLR 188, 190, 191 and 192) was performed in agar cultures, where the mycelial growth rate of the strains was measured, and in static liquid cultures, where the production of biomass, the biosynthesis of total cellular lipids and the consumption of glucose were monitored. For all strains, biomass production was significant (13?C15?g?l^?1) and total lipid in dry weight (%, w/w) ranged from 3 to 12?%. Afterwards, a detailed kinetic analysis of mycelial biomass, extra- and intra- cellular polysaccharides (EPS, IPS, respectively) as well as lipid production by a V. volvacea selected strain was conducted in submerged static and agitated cultures. Maximum values of 15?g?l^?1 biomass, ??1.0?g?l^?1 EPS and 5.5?g?l^?1 IPS were recorded. Agitation did not have severe impact on biomass, EPS and IPS production, but it increased total lipid in dry weight quantities. EPS, IPS and lipid in dry weight values decreased with time. Glucose was the major cellular carbohydrate detected. Total fatty acid analysis of cellular lipids was performed for all V. volvacea strains and linoleic acid ^??9,12C18:2 was predominant. Neutral lipids constituted the major fraction of cellular lipids, but their quantity decreased as fermentation proceeded. Phospholipids were the most saturated lipid fraction.     

Holistic protocol for callus culture optimization using statistical modelling

Plants endue a key role against illnesses caused by oxidative stress. These attributes are frequently associated with polyphenolic compounds. However, presence and concentration of secondary metabolites are affected by abiotic factors. The in vitro culture techniques can solve these drawbacks. Peppers can be a suitable alternative to obtain polyphenols. Aiming to optimise the callus culture stage from Capsicum baccatum to produce polyphenols, this work evaluated systemically the effects of the explant’s origin (root, hypocotyl and cotyledon), growth hormone type (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and a combination of 2,4-D/BAP at five-to-one ratio) and concentration (0.023–10.000 mg L^?1) on callus culture efficiency parameters using a multilevel factorial design. The root explant in combination with BAP at 1.138 mg L^?1 ensured the optimal values of the assessed responses; ?callus mass (225.03 mg), antioxidant activity (35.95%), total phenols (11.48 mg of GAE/g DE) and flavonoids (15.92 mg of RU/g DE) production.     

Efficient Microbial Conversion of l-Tyrosine to l-DOPA by Brevundimonas sp. SGJ

l-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine), the most widely used drug for the treatment of Parkinson??s disease, was produced in buffer using biomass of Brevundimonas sp. SGJ. The effects of enhancers, such as carrageenan, diatomaceous earth, and activated charcoal, on the l-DOPA production were evaluated to obtain the maximum yield. The optimal process conditions found were pH?8, 2?g?l^?1 cell mass, 2?g?l^?1 l-tyrosine, 0.04?g?l^?1 CuSO₄, 0.02?g?l^?1 l-ascorbic acid, 0.5?g?l^?1 carrageenan, and 40?°C temperature. In addition, repeated use of cells resulted in the highest yield of 3.81?g?l^?1 (95.2%) of l-DOPA with utilization of 4?g?l^?1 l-tyrosine, and the highest tyrosinase activity (9,201?U?mg^?1) was observed at 18?h of incubation. Furthermore, the produced l-DOPA was confirmed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography?Cmass spectroscopy. Kinetic studies showed significant values of Y _p/s, Q _s, and q _s after optimization of the process. Thus, Brevundimonas sp. SGJ could be an eventual new source for large-scale production of l-DOPA.     

Biotechnological Utilization of Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol for the Production of Ribonucleotides and Microbial Biomass

Ten yeast strains were evaluated concerning their capabilities to assimilate biodiesel-derived glycerol in batch cultivation. The influence of glycerol concentration, temperature, pH and yeast extract concentration on biomass production was studied for the yeast selected. Further, the effect of agitation on glycerol utilization by the yeast Hansenula anomala was also studied. The yeast H. anomala CCT 2648 showed the highest biomass yield (0.30?g?g^?1) and productivity (0.19?g?L^?1?h^?1). Citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid and ethanol were found as the main metabolites produced. The increase of yeast extract concentration from 1 to 3?g?L^?1 resulted in high biomass production. The highest biomass concentration (21?g?L^?1), yield (0.45?g?g^?1) and productivity (0.31?g?L^?1?h^?1), as well as ribonucleotide production (13.13?mg?g^?1), were observed at 700?rpm and 0.5?vvm. These results demonstrated that glycerol from biodiesel production process showed to be a feasible substrate for producing biomass and ribonucleotides by yeast species.     

Efficient utilization of inulin and glycerol as fermentation substrates in erythritol and citric acid production using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yarrowia lipolytica</Emphasis> expressing inulinase

Inulin and glycerol were used as substrates for efficient erythritol and citric acid production by newly engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strains. Hydrolysis of inulin by the Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1 strain was established by expressing the Kluyveromyces marxianus INU1 gene. Erythritol was produced in two stages: inulin was used for biomass formation, followed by erythritol biosynthesis initiated by glycerol addition. The highest titer of erythritol obtained, 120.9 g L^?1 with the yield of 0.6 g g^?1, was produced by the K1 INU 6 strain. Moreover, the K1 INU 6 strain in fed-batch culture produced a high amount of citric acid: 105.2 g L^?1 after 235 h from 200 g L^?1 of inulin. Maximum activity of inulinase during this culture was 14000 U g^?1 of cell dry mass. The presented study proves the potential of new Y. lipolytica transformants for efficient erythritol and citric acid production from inexpensive raw materials such as inulin and glycerol.     

Selective enhancement of scopadulcic acid B production in the cultured tissues of Scoparia dulcis by methyl jasmonate

The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on isoprenoid production were evaluated in cultured tissues of Scoparia dulcis. It was found that MeJA suppressed the accumulation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phytol and beta-sitosterol in the tissues. MeJA, however, remarkably enhanced the production of scopadulcic acid B (SDB), with 10 microM being optimal observed concentration for stimulation of SDB production. The maximum concentration of SDB was observed 6 d after MeJA treatment.     

The effect of methyl jasmonate and light irradiation treatments on the stilbenoid biosynthetic pathway in Vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures

Grape stilbenes are a well-known family of plant polyphenolics that have been confirmed to have many biological activities in relation to health benefits. In the present study, we investigated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitor at four different concentrations (25, 50, 100 and 200 μM) in combination or not with high-level light irradiation (10,000 LUX) on a cell line obtained from the pulp of Vitis vinifera cv. Shahani. Our results showed that the stilbene synthesis pathway is inhibited by high-light conditions. A concentration of 50 μM MeJA was optimum for efficient production and high accumulation of total phenolics and total flavonoids as well as total stilbenoids. Furthermore, we showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the production of these metabolites and cell growth. These data provide valuable information for the future scale-up of cell cultures for the production of these very high value compounds in bioreactor system.     

Activity-Guided Characterization of COX-2 Inhibitory Compounds in Waltheria indica L. Extracts

Inflammation is the body’s response to infection or tissue injury in order to restore and maintain homeostasis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) derived from arachidonic acid (AA), via up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is a key mediator of inflammation and can also be induced by several other factors including stress, chromosomal aberration, or environmental factors. Targeting prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX-2 is hence relevant for the successful resolution of inflammation. Waltheria indica L. is a traditional medicinal plant whose extracts have demonstrated COX-2 inhibitory properties. However, the compounds responsible for the activity remained unknown. For the preparation of extracts with effective anti-inflammatory properties, characterization of these substances is vital. In this work, we aimed to address this issue by characterizing the substances responsible for the COX-2 inhibitory activity in the extracts and generating prediction models to quantify the COX-2 inhibitory activity without biological testing. For this purpose, an extract was separated into fractions by means of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The inhibitory potential of the fractions and extracts against the COX-2 enzyme was determined using a fluorometric COX-2 inhibition assay. The characterizations of compounds in the fractions with the highest COX-2 inhibitory activity were conducted by high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). It was found that these fractions contain alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and oleic acid, identified and reported for the first time in Waltheria indica leaf extracts. After analyzing their contents in different Waltheria indica extracts, it could be demonstrated that these fatty acids are responsible for up to 41% of the COX-2 inhibition observed with Waltheria indica extract. Additional quantification of secondary metabolites in the extract fractions revealed that substances from the group of steroidal saponins and triterpenoid saponins also contribute to the COX-2 inhibitory activity. Based on the content of compounds contributing to COX-2 inhibition, two mathematical models were successfully developed, both of which had a root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.6% COX-2 inhibitory activity, demonstrating a high correspondence between predicted versus observed values. The results of the predictive models further suggested that the compounds contribute to COX-2 inhibition in the order linoleic acid > alpha linolenic acid > steroidal saponins > triterpenoid saponins. The characterization of substances contributing to COX-2 inhibition in this study enables a more targeted development of extraction processes to obtain Waltheria indica extracts with superior anti-inflammatory properties.     

Harnessing Indigenous Plant Seed Oil for the Production of Bio-fuel by an Oleaginous Fungus,Cunninghamella blakesleeana- JSK2, Isolated from Tropical Soil

Cunninghamella blakesleeana- JSK2, a gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) producing tropical fungal isolate, was utilized as a tool to evaluate the influence of various plant seed oils on biomass, oleagenicity and bio-fuel production. The fungus accumulated 26 % total lipid of their dry biomass (2 g/l) and 13 % of GLA in its total fatty acid. Among the various plant seed oils tested as carbon sources for biotransformation studies, watermelon oil had an effect on biomass and total lipid increasing up to 9.24 g/l and 34 % respectively. Sunflower, pumpkin, and onion oil increased GLA content between 15–18 %. Interestingly, an indigenous biodiesel commodity, Pongamia pinnata oil showed tremendous effect on fatty acid profile in C. blakesleeana- JSK2, when used as a sole source of carbon. There was complete inhibition of GLA from 13 to 0 % and increase in oleic acid content, one of the key components of biodiesel to 70 % (from 20 % in control). Our results suggest the potential application of indigenous plant seed oils, particularly P. pinnata oil, for the production of economically valuable bio-fuel in oleaginous fungi in general, and C. blakesleeana- JSK2, in particular.     

生物质炭基固体酸催化剂的制备

 以生物质木粉为原料, 采用炭化-磺化法制备了炭基固体酸催化剂, 并用于油酸与甲醇的酯化反应, 考察了制备条件对炭基固体酸催化剂活性的影响. 采用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、热重分析、高分辨透射电子显微镜及元素分析等手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 由生物质木粉制备的炭基固体酸催化剂具有较高催化酯化反应活性, 在 400 oC 下炭化 0.5 h, 135 oC 下磺化 1 h 制备的炭基固体酸催化剂在精馏分水连续酯化装置中催化油酸与甲醇的酯化反应 2 h 时, 酯化转化率达到 96%. 采用炭化-磺化法制备的生物质炭基固体酸催化剂具有蠕虫状的无序乱层炭结构, 磺酸基 (－SO3H) 含量高达 13.25%, 并且在 220 oC 以下时具有良好的热稳定性.     

Fucoidan and Alginate from the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa and Their Combination with Vitamin C Trigger Apoptosis in Colon Cancer

Brown seaweeds are producers of bioactive molecules which are known to inhibit oncogenic growth. Here, we investigated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of two polysaccharides from the brown algae Colpomenia sinuosa, namely fucoidan and alginate, in a panel of cancer cell lines and evaluated their effects when combined with vitamin C. Fucoidan and alginate were isolated from brown algae and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that highly sulfated fucoidans had higher antioxidant and cytotoxic effects than alginate. Human colon cancer cells were the most sensitive to the algal treatments, with fucoidan having an IC₅₀ value (618.9 µg/mL⁻¹) lower than that of alginate (690 µg/mL⁻¹). The production of reactive oxygen species was increased upon treatment of HCT-116 cells with fucoidan and alginate, which suggest that these compounds may trigger cell death via oxidative damage. The combination of fucoidan with vitamin C showed enhanced effects compared to treatment with fucoidan alone, as evidenced by the significant inhibitory effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cell viability. The combination of the algal polysaccharides with vitamin C caused enhanced degeneration in the nuclei of cells, as evidenced by DAPI staining and increased the subG1 population, suggesting the induction of cell death. Together, these results suggest that fucoidan and alginate from the brown algae C. sinuosa are promising anticancer compounds, particularly when used in combination with vitamin C.