A convenient procedure for bismuth-mediated Barbier-type allylation of aldehydes in water containing fluoride ions

A new and convenient procedure for synthesis of homoallylic alcohols in generally good to excellent yields has been developed. The bismuth-mediated Barbier-type allylation of aldehydes (aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic and heterocyclic) with allyl bromide has been carried out smoothly in water in the presence of fluoride ions.     

A new strategy for the synthesis of hydroxylated pyrrolizidinic alkaloids by highly stereoselective indium-mediated allylation of pyrrolidinic aldehydes

Indium-mediated allylation of N-Cbz-l-prolinal 3, under Grignard conditions, was carried out with high yield and stereoselectivity (de = 90%) to afford intermediate (2S,1′R)-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-(1′-hydroxybut-3′-en-1′-yl)pyrrolidine 4, which was transformed in two steps into (1R,3R,7aS)-1-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpyrrolizidine 9. Commercial Cbz-l-proline was a source of functionalization and chirality.     

Regiospecific allylation of acetals with allylsilanes catalyzed by iodotrimethylsilane. Synthesis of homoallylethers

Allylation of acetals with allylsilanes is catalyzed by iodotrimethylsilane to give the corresponding homoallyl ethers, with regiospecific transposition of the allyl group.     

A catalytic asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allyl trichlorosilane activated by a chiral tetradentate bis-sulfoxide

Chiral homoallylic alcohols are easily accessible by asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allyl trichlorosilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of a chiral tetradentate bis-sulfoxide, as organocatalyst, whose synthesis is reported.     

Highly regioselective and stereoselective allylation of aldehydes via palladium-catalyzed in situ hydrostannylation of allenes

[reaction: see text] Highly regio- and stereoselective allylation of aldehydes by allenes proceeds smoothly in aqueous/organic media in the presence of PdCl(2)(PPh(3))(2), HCl, and SnCl(2). The reaction likely occurs via hydrostannylation of allenes and allylation of aldehydes by the in situ generated allyltrichlorotins to afford the final products.     

Efficient allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane catalyzed by CuI

Cuprous iodide has been found to be a very effective catalyst for allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane. The catalytic system efficiently promotes the allylation reaction in DMF to produce homoallylic alcohols in high yield.     

Rhenium complex-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane

It was confirmed that the rhenium complex, ReBr(CO)₅, catalyzed the allylation of aldehydes with allyltributylstannane to give the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in moderate to good yields. Similarly, the reaction of aldehydes with enol silyl ether was efficiently promoted by the rhenium catalyst to afford the corresponding β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds.     

Asymmetric allylation of aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane promoted by chiral sulfoxides

Allylation of aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane in the presence of sulfoxides is reported. The use of excess of (R)-methyl-p-tolylsulfoxide resulted in the formation of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in good yields and moderate enantiomeric excesses.     

Barbier-Grignard-type allylation of aldehydes with metallic antimony

Metallic-antimony-induced allylation of aldehydes by allylic halides and phosphates gave high yields of the corresponding homoallylic alcohols, regioselectively. α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes afforded only 1,2-addition products.     

Mesoporous aluminosilicate-catalyzed allylation of aldehydes with allylsilanes

Mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-MCM-41) was found to catalyze the allylation of both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with allylsilanes although amorphous silica-alumina or mesoporous silicates (MCM-41, SBA-15) could not catalyze the reaction under the same reaction conditions. The solid acid catalyst Al-MCM-41 could be reused three times without significant loss of activity.     

Regiospecific and stereoselective carbometallation of alkynylsilanes by Ziegler-Natta alkylating agents

A 1:1 combination of dichloro(bis-η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)titanium and alkyl-aluminum halide in methylene chloride solution effects the regiospecific alkylation of alkynyl(trimethyl)silanes in 60–95% yields. With RCCSiMe₃ substrates, where Rsaturated alkyl group, the carbometallation (introduction of a methyl or an ethyl group) occurs regiospecifically and stereoselectively in a $\text{trans}$- manner, giving a 75:25 to a 90:10 ratio of isomers. When the R in RCCSiMe₃ is phenyl or 1-cyclohexenyl, then a non-stereoselective carbometallation is observed (50:50 mixtures of isomers). These results, which are explicable in terms of the formation of the (C₅H₅)₂Ti-R cation and its attack on the alkynylsilane, offer stereochemical evidence for a cationic initiating step in the polymerization of ethylene by homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts.     

Aqueous Barbier allylation of aldehydes mediated by tin

The aqueous tin-mediated Barbier reaction affords good to excellent yields and moderate syn diastereoselectivity under basic and acidic conditions. The high yields and stereoselectivity observed in the case of o-substituted aldehydes suggest a cyclic organotin intermediate or transition state in K2HPO4 solution. A practical and efficient aqueous tin allylation of methoxy- and hydroxybenzaldehydes can be carried out in HCl solution in 15 minutes to afford the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in high yields. Aliphatic aldehydes give moderate to excellent yields with reaction times ranging from 30 to 60 minutes. Under these conditions, crotylation gives exclusively the gamma-product and the syn isomer is formed preferentially. For 2-methoxybenzaldehyde, an equilibration of the isomers to a syn/anti ratio of 1:1 can be observed after several hours. Control experiments with radical sources or scavengers give no support for radical intermediates. NMR studies suggest a mechanism involving an organotin intermediate. The major organotin species formed depends on the reaction medium and the reaction time. The use of acidic solution reduces the reaction times, due to the acceleration of the formation of the allyltin(IV) species.     

烯丙基溴和锡与醛的选择性加成反应

应用烯丙基溴和锡粉在少量水存在下和四氢呋喃中可使醛选择性烯丙基化,这一反应可用于那些同时含有对格氏试剂有反应活性的羟基、酚羟基、芳香族硝基和酮羰基等官能团的醛类以引入烯丙基生成相应的高烯丙基醇.     

Efficient allylation of aldehydes promoted by carboxylic acids

A variety of carboxylic acids have been screened for mediating the allylation of aldehydes with allytributyltin in different solvents. A novel, general, and practical method of allylation of aldehydes promoted by carboxylic acids under mild reaction conditions has been developed. Among them, p-nitrobenzoic acid afforded high to quantitative yields of the homoallylic alcohol products, and can be easily recovered after workup by aqueous HCl. Glyoxylic acid self-catalyzed the allylation without adding any other promoter or catalyst to give the corresponding allylation product in good yield. The regioselectivity of the crotylation of aldehydes is tunable by controlling the acidity of the carboxylic acids. The crotylation of aldehydes produced the alpha-adduct as major products in moderate to good yields with CF(3)CO(2)H as a promoter. A possible mechanism for the allylation is also discussed.     

A highly stereoselective sequential allylic transfer reaction of diene with diboronyl reagent and aldehydes promoted by nickel catalyst

[reaction: see text] A new protocol for the sequential allylic transfer reaction of a diene with two aldehydes in the construction of cyclic systems containing four stereogenic centers is achieved in a one-pot operation. Reaction of the diene-alehyde 1 with aldehyde in the presence of the diboronyl reagent catalyzed by a nickel complex produces products 2 and 3 depending on reaction conditions in high levels of diastereoselectivity. Extension of this method to the synthesis of six-membered rings is also investigated.     

Enantioselective allylation of aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilane promoted by new chiral dipyridylmethane N-oxides

New chiral dipyridine N-monoxides and N,N′-dioxides, which possess an isopropylidene backbone between two pyridine rings, have been prepared from naturally occurring monoterpenes. Their utility as organocatalysts has been demonstrated in the enantioselective addition of allyltrichlorosilane to aldehydes. Enantioselectivities up to 85% ee have been obtained.     

Enantioselective allylation of aldehydes promoted by chiral sulfur reagents

The addition of allylzinc bromide to aldehydes was studied with different chiral sulfur compounds acting as a catalyst. Yield differences and enantiomeric excesses were observed.     

Enantioselective allylation of aldehydes with chiral allyl organolanthanide reagents

The first example of enantioselective allylation of aldehydes with chiral allyl organolan-thanide reagents has been achieved in high chemical yield and moderate optical purity (up to 54% e.e.).