不同氯代毒杀芬的全二维气相色谱分离分析方法研究

建立了全二维气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法(GC×GC-μECD)分离分析不同氯代毒杀芬的新方法。通过实验优化,以非极性的DB-1MS为第1根色谱柱,以中等极性的BPX-50为第2根色谱柱对工业毒杀芬不同氯代化合物进行分离分析,获得良好的分离效果。采用基质曲线外标法进行定量分析,线性系数(r2)均大于0.99,不同氯代毒杀芬的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2~0.6μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为9%~20%,利用土壤为基质进行加标实验,不同氯代毒杀芬同类物的回收率为65%~105%。     

全二维气相色谱技术及其进展

 许多分析问题的解决需要得到比一维色谱技术能提供的更高的分辨率。分离能力可通过使用多种分离技术或机理的组合来增强。此时 ,样品被分散在不同的时间维 ,最终的分辨率强烈地依赖于这些维间分离特性的差异。当它们之间没有关联 ,也即相互间正交时 ,系统可获得最高的分辨率。全二维气相色谱 (GC×GC)提供了一个真正的正交分离系统。它把分离机理不同而又互相独立的两支色谱柱以串联方式结合组成二维气相色谱。在这两支色谱柱之间装有的一个调制器起捕集再传送的作用。全二维色谱的峰容量为组成它的两支色谱柱各自峰容量的乘积。     

全二维气相色谱的原理、方法及应用概述

全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)是近几年来发展起来的一个新技术,与传统的多维色谱不同,它提供了一种真正的正交分离系统,其峰容量约等于两根柱各自峰容量的乘积,非常适合于复杂样品的分析。本文主要对GC×GC的原理、仪器、分析方法及其应用进行了评述,并展望了其未来发展趋势。     

Quantitative Aspects of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)

A software program was developed to enable the quantification of the complex 3D-data sets as produced by GC×GC. Using this software, it was demonstrated that the detectability limit of GC×GC in our study is 18 times better than that of ‘normal’ capillary gas chromatography (CGC). This enhancement is due to the signal increase produced by the thermal modulation effect. The relative standard deviation of 0.9% as measured on a test mixture was excellent. Furthermore, a comparison was made for the group-type separation of heavy gas oils between the hyphenation of LC and GC (LC-GC) and GC×GC. Although these separations are different in nature, the agreement of the results of both methods was very good. The results of GC×GC may even be more accurate, since, different from CGC, even in the most complex chromatograms the baseline in the second dimension chromatograms is always present.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱用于烟用香精化学组分的分析

采用全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS),以较长的极性柱DB-WAX(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)作为第一柱,较短的中等极性柱DB-1701(3 m×0.1 mm,0.4μm)作为第二柱,对一种国产香烟中常用的烟用香精进行了分析,共鉴定出相似度和反相似度分别大于800和900的化合物有84种(在相同条件下,GC/MS鉴定出的组分数仅为21种)。在与GC×GC/TOFMS相同的分析条件下,利用多内标定量法,用GC-GC/氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)进一步对这些组分进行了准确定量。实验结果很好地解释了该香精的致香机理。     

二维毛细管柱气相法测定大气中的挥发性烃类

 用二维毛细管柱气相法测定了大气中的挥发性烃类 (VHCs)C3 ～C10 共 5 7种化合物。采用吸附 /两级热解吸预富集样品。采用双柱 (PLOT柱 :5 0m× 0 32mmi d × 8μm ,Al2 O3 /Na2 SO4 ;HP 1柱 :5 0m× 0 2 2mmi d × 0 5 μm ,methylsilicone) /双FID系统进行样品分析。方法的定性稳定性好 ,峰面积的相对标准偏差小于 2 0 % ,用外标法定量 ,线性相关系数r2 分别为 0 9990和 0 9997。分析周期为 48min。通过对江苏常熟生态站 182个农田大气样品中VHCs的含量测定 ,表明方法准确 ,快速 ,可取得满意的结果。     

全二维气相色谱第二维死时间的测定

建立了两种恒压模式下全二维气相色谱第二维死时间的测定方法。一种方法是利用不同压力下的相对保留时间差规律,计算非同步调制的全二维气相色谱第二维的保留时间,再利用正构烷烃同系物的保留规律线性拟合计算第二维的死时间;测定的第二维的死时间与温度的线性相关系数大于0.997。另一种方法是在已知化合物保留因子和温度关系的条件下,在一次程序升温中测定此化合物的3个以上不同流出温度条件下的表观保留时间,再根据该表观保留时间计算出死时间与温度的关系。实验结果表明,两种方法对死时间测定的偏差小于0.05 s。这两种方法适合于各种类型的全二维气相色谱,无论其调制方式是同步还是非同步。     

A Robust Thermal Modulator for Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

In comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), two capillary columns are connected in series through an interface known as a “thermal modulator”. This device transforms effluent from the first capillary column into a series of sharp injection-like chemical pulses suitable for high-speed chromatography on the second column. Dramatic increases in the resolving power, sensitivity, and speed of the gas chromatograph result. This paper describes the development of a robust and reliable thermal modulator for GC×GC.     

薄荷卷烟中香味成分的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱分析

采用全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法(GC×GC/TOFMS),以较长的非极性柱DB-5MS(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)作为第一维柱,较短的中等极性柱DB-17MS(2m×0.1mm×0.1μm)作为第二维柱,利用固相微萃取法作为香味成分的萃取方法,对薄荷型ESSE卷烟的核心香味成分进行了定性分析,TOFMS谱图库检索结合全二维特有的包含结构信息的二维谱图,通过族分离和结构谱图鉴定,共鉴定了187种挥发性成分,其中对香气有贡献的成分118种.     

Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection (GC × GC/MS) Applied to the Analysis of Petroleum

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC × GC/MS) is a three-dimensional analytical method. In its application to petroleum analysis, the high peak capacity of GC × GC produced chromatographic resolution of over 750 peaks from a marine diesel fuel. The MS detector provided a full-scan mass spectrum for each resolved peak. The integration of an MS detector with GC × GC provides increased capability to identify minor components, determine members of homologous series, and characterize ordered peak patterns of related components that are visible in the GC × GC chromatogram.     

Quantitative Determination of BTEX and Total Aromatic Compounds in Gasoline by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC)

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) has been applied to the quantitative analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and all heavier aromatic compounds in gasoline. The two-dimensional chromatographic separation used volatility selection on the first-dimension column and polarity selection on the second-dimension column. In the resulting GC×GC chromatogram, aromatic species were resolved from other compound classes. Moreover, structurally related aromatics were grouped in a manner that facilitated identification and integration. The response of a flame ionization detector to each major aromatic group in gasoline was calibrated using internal standards. Quantitation produced results directly comparable with ASTM standard methods. The present GC×GC method can be expanded to analyze other gasoline components.     

全二维气相色谱用于轻质石油馏分中芳烃含量的测定

建立了采用全二维气相色谱(GC×GC)技术一次进样完成轻质石油馏分中非芳烃、一环芳烃和二环芳烃的分离、定性 和定量。通过对柱系统的选择和色谱条件的优化,实现了一次全二维气相色谱分析即完成轻质石油馏分的族组成分离以及 目标化合物的分离。方法的加标回收率为89.5%～106.1%;样品中各组分含量重复测定的相对标准偏差均不大于5.8%,能 够满足样品测定的精密度和准确性要求,且完成1次分析最多只需要30 min。     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱用于柴油组成的研究

将全二维气相色谱法(GC×GC)用于柴油馏分的组成分布研究,建立了两种GC×GC方法,一种用于柴油组成的详细表征,另一种用于柴油族组成的快速分离和定量,两种方法均不需要样品预处理。用前一种方法对柴油馏分中的烃类化合物、主要的含硫化合物与含氮化合物组成进行了研究;对催化裂解柴油中的27种含氮化合物和42种含硫化合物进行了定性;用后一种方法在70 min内即可完成柴油馏分族组成的定量分析,应用所建立的方法测定了4个不同来源的柴油馏分中非芳烃、一环芳烃、二环芳烃、三环芳烃的含量,定量结果与ASTM D2425法     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱用于莪术挥发油分离分析特性的研究

用全二维气相色谱 /飞行时间质谱 (GC×GC/TOFMS)研究莪术挥发油。对GC×GC与GC的分离特性和GC×GC/TOFMS与GC/MS的定性能力进行了比较。在相同条件下 ,GC分离出 87个峰 ,GC×GC分出约 5 0 0个峰 ,GC/MS和GC×GC/TOFMS鉴定出匹配度大于 80 0的组分分别为 4 6种和 2 2 7种。除此之外 ,GC×GC/TOFMS对每一个组分可给出三维定性信息 ,定性可靠性大大提高。研究结果显示与传统的分析技术相比 ,GC×GC/TOFMS在中药挥发油成分分析领域有很大的优势     

Essential Oils of New Lippia alba Genotypes Analyzed by Flow-Modulated Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) and Chemometric Analysis

Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic shrub whose essential oils have stood out as a promising source for application in several industrial fields. In this study, the essential oils chemical characterization of eight new L. alba genotypes was performed. The selected materials were collected from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Agronomic Institute and the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. Flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) was employed for chemical characterization and evaluation of possible co-eluted compounds. In addition, the chemical analyses were submitted to multivariate statistical analyses. From this investigation, 73 metabolites were identified in the essential oils of the genotypes, from which α-pinene, β-myrcene, 1,8-cineole, linalool, neral, geranial, and caryophyllene oxide were the most abundant compounds among the accessions. This is the first report disclosing α-pinene in higher amounts in L. alba (19.69%). In addition, sabinene, trans-verbenol, myrtenol, (E)-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, germacrene D, and α-bulnesene were also found in relevant quantities in some of the genotypes, and myrtenal and myrtenol could be well separated through the second dimension. Such results contributed to the understanding of the chemical composition of those new genotypes, being important to drive a future industrial applicability and studies in genetic breeding.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法在莪术挥发油组成分析中的应用

通过优化GC×GC的柱系统、温度程序和调制参数等色谱条件,建立了分析中药莪术挥发油组成的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS)方法,实现了莪术挥发油的单个组分与族组分分析.采用所建立的GC×GC/TOFMS方法,鉴定出匹配度大于800的组分有249种,其中单萜18种,单萜含氧衍生物34种,倍半萜35种,倍半萜含氧衍生物37种,有69种组分的体积分数大于0.02%.     

新型微填充柱－毛细管柱二维色谱系统过程的动力学研究

从色谱动力学角度对新型微填充柱－毛细管柱二维色谱系统过程中双柱条件与流出曲线及柱效之间的依赖关系加以系统研究。结果表明：由于双柱条件之间存在关联，双柱系统流出曲线特征与单柱系统存在一定的差异，流出曲线一阶矩和二、三阶中心矩以及双柱系统的柱效皆由预柱和主柱条件综合确定。     

气相色谱法测定面包中三种单甘油酯含量

建立了气相色谱法检测面包中3种单甘油酯(单辛酸甘油酯、单癸酸甘油酯和单月桂酸甘油脂)含量的分析方法。样品以二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1)提取,提取液经浓缩后,用正己烷饱和乙腈萃取,气相色谱测定,外标法定量。3种单甘油酯在20～1 000 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)大于0.999。3种单甘油酯的定量下限分别为35.2、23.3、12.8 mg/kg,加标回收率为81.1%～95.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%～8.8%。该法操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性和选择性好,可用于面包中3种单甘油酯的检测。