Reference values in blood from inhabitants of Brazil: Br,Cl, K and Na determination using NAA

In this study, bromine (Br), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) were measured in the blood of Brazilian inhabitants from Southeast (S) and Northeast (N) regions. A reference range was established as a function of sex and considering lifestyle factors (non-smokers and non- drinkers). For both regions lower values of K were found in females when compared to males and lower values of Na were found in males compared to females. Increasing trends for Na and Br were observed in the Northeast region.     

Determination of Au,Sb, As,Br, Na,K, Cd,Mn and Cl in rice from Vietnam by neutron activation analysis

Gold, antimony, arsenic, bromine, sodium, potassium, cadmium, manganese and chlorine were determined by neutron activation analysis in various rice seed, brand layer and husk from Vietnam. The following concentration values were found: Au 0.05–0.28 ppm, Sb 0.05–1.08 ppm, As 0.08–0.94 ppm, Br 0.82–6.72 ppm, Na 16.71–25, 71 ppm, K 2582–5163 ppm, MN 19.26–33.43 ppm, Cd 0.51–2.42 ppm and Cl 205.20–828.61 ppm in rice seed. These elements were also determined in brand layer and rice husk. Statistically significant differences /t=0.05/ in Au, Sb, Cd contents were detected in rice seed and rice husk, as well as brand layer with rice husk.     

Simultaneous determination of seven elements (Cl, K, Ca, Br, Fe, Cu, Zn) in blood serum by PIXE

Summary Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) Spectra have been obtained for the blood serum of several old-age subjects by using the Van de Graaff accelerator of Catania University. The concentration levels of Cl, K, Ca, Br, Fe, Cu, Zn have been determined simultaneously within 2 min by using 5 l of blood serum. Good agreement with literature data has been found.

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Simultanbestimmung von sieben Elementen (Cl, K, Ca, Br, Fe, Cu, Zn) im Blutserum mit Hilfe von PIXE

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe des Van de Graaff-Beschleunigers der Univ. Catania wurden PIXE-Spektren vom Blutserum mehrerer alter Personen aufgenommen. Mit einer Probe von 5 l konnten die obigen sieben Elemente innerhalb von 2 min bestimmt werden. Die Übereinstimmung mit Literaturangaben war gut.

     

INAA application in the age dynamics assessment of Br,Ca, Cl,K, Mg,Mn, and Na content in the normal human prostate

The effect of age on chemical element contents in intact prostate of 64 apparently healthy 13–60 years old men was investigated by neutron activation analysis with high resolution spectrometry of short-lived radionuclides. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) for content (mg/kg, dry weight basis) of chemical elements were: Br–31.6 ± 3.2, Ca–2150 ± 160, Cl–12670 ± 675, K–12010 ± 400, Mg–1150 ± 75, Mn–1.56 ± 0.09, and Na–10520 ± 340, respectively. A tendency of age-related increase in Ca content and decrease in Mn content was observed.     

F,Cl, Br Doped Ge44 and Al22P22 Nanocages As Anode Electrode Materials of Li,Na, and K ion Batteries

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - In this study, the potential of Ge44 and Al22P22 as anode electrodes of Li-ion, Na-ion, and K-ion batteries were investigated via density functional...     

水稻秸秆与PVC塑料共气化过程中钾、钠、氯的迁移行为

采用固定床反应器,结合X射线衍射(XRD)表征和热力学计算研究了水稻秸秆与PVC塑料共气化过程中钾钠氯的迁移和状态变化。结果表明,混合物中氯的释放率与反应温度和PVC塑料的量(氯含量)有关。当反应温度为800~900℃时,PVC的量对混合物中氯元素释放率的影响最为显著;气化温度达900℃时,含PVC 20%(氯含量为11.5%)的水稻秸秆混合物中,氯元素的释放率较纯水稻上升了16.5%。与此同时,氯含量的增加也促进了钾钠在气相中的释放。气化温度为850℃时,当混合物中PVC比例大于20%(氯含量大于11.5%)时,氯对钾钠的气相析出有一定抑制作用;钾钠以KCl和NaCl的形式滞留在固相中,其含量随着混合物中PVC量的升高而降低。     

Determination of daily dietary intakes of Br, Ca, Cl, Co and K in food in Montreal, Canada, by neutron activation analysis

The concentrations of 5 elements in 117 food samples were determined by computerized instrumental absolute neutron activation analysis. The daily dietary intakes of Br, Ca, Cl, Co and K in Montreal, Canada were equal to 1.9, 330, 1030, 0.07 and 3490 mg, respectively. The Canadian daily dietary intakes of Br and K are similar to the intakes in other countries. They are lower for Ca and higher for Co.     

复合熔剂熔融-ICP-AES法测定萤石中钾钠硅铁磷

采用四硼酸锂偏硼酸锂复合熔剂高频熔融炉熔融硝酸浸取方式溶解萤石,用已知含量萤石标准物质制作标准工作曲线,应用ICP-AES法联合测定萤石中硅、磷、钾、钠、铁组分含量。选择两条谱线进行分析,方法检出限在0.025～8.7mg/g之间,样品检测5次的相对标准偏差小于17.98％,测定值与证书值相吻合。     

Mechanochemical Activation of Solid Salts K2PtX6 (X = Cl,Br)

Mechanochemical treatment of solid-phase K₂PtX₆ salts in a vibrating mill in an argon or air atmosphere produced paramagnetic Pt(III) complexes via the homolytic cleavage of the Pt–X bond. Lewis acid sites were found on the surface of the mechanically activated K₂PtCl₆ salt using the paramagnetic probe method. The sites can be attributed to coordinatively unsaturated Pt(IV) complexes formed via Pt–Cl bond heterolysis.     

Determination of Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Cl, Ca and Fe in cigarette tobacco by fast neutron activation analysis

FNAA has been, for many years, a technique for the non-destructive analysis of a wide variety of sample materials-liquids, solids and powders. The important advantages of fast neutron activation analysis are good analytical sensitivity without sample preparation, accuracy and total analysis in a short time. In our work, the concentrations of the elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Cl, Ca and Fe, were determined in cigarette tobacco of two brands commercially available in, Turkey using 14.6 MeV neutron activation analysis.     

Cl35, Br79, and Br81 NQR spectra of group VA metal halides

Conclusions A comparison of the results obtained by the NQR method for penta- and oxyhalides of transmition metals with the NQR data given in the literature for M^IIIBr₃ dimers shows that NQR spectra not only make it possible to identify bridging atoms in dimeric structures but they also reflect the specific nature of chemical bonds in transition metal compounds.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2816–2818, December, 1969.     

Kinetics of penetration and exsorption of K,Cl, Mg,Na and P in red beet cells by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis

K, Cl, P, Mg and Na contents in natural red beet samples have been determined by 14 MeV neutron activation analysis. Interfering reactions were found to be negligible. Good agreement has been obtained with flame spectrometry. The kinetics of absorption and exsorption of these elements was studied in beet samples treated in different chemical solutions. The regulating role of Ca in these migrations has been confirmed. The presence of Hg limits the penetration of K and Cl as well as increases the exsorption of Na, P, Cl, K.     

Schwingungs-Raman-Spektren von Hexahalogenokomplexen von OsIV (X = Cl,I) und IrIV (X = Cl,Br) bei 80 K

Vibrational Raman Spectra of Hexahalo Complexes of Os^IV (X = Cl, I) and Ir^IV (X = Cl, Br) at 80 K The Resonance-Raman (RR) spectra of the tetrabutyl- resp. tetraethylammonium salts of [OsCl₆]^2?, [OsI₆]^2?, [IrCl₆]^2?, and [IrBr₆]^2? have been investigated with the excitation-lines of an Ar⁺ and Kr⁺ laser. Devices with a movable sample holder for low-temperature experiments (80 K) are described. The anormal intensities of some of the Ra-active fundamentals are attributed to the RR effect. As a rule the deformation vibration υ₅(T_2g) is RR enhanced if excited within a π—π*(dt_2g)-CT-transition and the stretching vibration υ₂(E_g) is RR-enhanced within a π—σ*(de_g)-CT-transition. The dispersion of the degree of depolarisation of the three Ra-active fundamentals of [IrBr₆]^2? demonstrates, that this rule cannot only be applicated to the symmetrical but also to the antisymmetrical part of the scattering tensor.     

Automated potentiostatic microdetermination of Cl,Br and I in organic compounds

The automation of a rapid microdetermination of Cl, Br and/or I in organic compounds is described. A combustion furnace, a buret and a titrator are modified and assembled to an apparatus. A solid state programmer using monostable multivibrator circuits to generate various time delays completes a halogen determination automatically in less than 4 min. The following steps in a determination are automated: combustion with sample injection and retraction; feed of reductive flush solution; filling of the titration vessel; titration.Quantitative oxidation of organic samples (about 2–10 mg) in an Ingram-type combustion tube at 1000 °C can be accomplished in two ways: in pure oxygen only or with the aid of an additional layer of a specially prepared $\text{WO}{}_3\text{V}{}_2\text{O}{}_5$ catalyst. A continuously renewed solution of SO₂ or bisulfite assures quantitative reduction to halides. They are flushed into the titration vessel, absorbed in a vigorously stirred absorption solution and titrated immediately with 0.01 N silver nitrate. The titrator is used in potentiostatic mode. End points are set individually for each halogen. Several flush and absorption solutions were investigated and used successfully.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Optical Properties of (CH3NH3)2CoX4 (X = Cl,Br, I,Cl0.5Br0.5, Cl0.5I0.5, Br0.5I0.5)

The reaction of methylammonium halides and cobalt halides yielded the organic‐inorganic hybrid compounds of general formula (CH₃NH₃)₂CoX₄. By varying the different halides, we were able to synthesize the whole row from Cl to I as well as some mixed halides compounds and to determinate the crystal structures. (CH₃NH₃)₂CoX₄ (X = Cl, Br, Cl_0.5Br_0.5, Br_0.5I_0.5) crystallize isotypic to (CH₃NH₃)₂HgCl₄ in space group P2₁/c with Z = 4 [X = Cl: a = 7.6483(9), b = 12.6885(18), c = 10.8752(12) Å, β = 96.639(9)°; X = Cl_0.5Br_0.5: a = 7.8271(9), b = 12.9543(9), c = 11.1007(11) Å, β = 96.320(8)°; X = Br: a = 7.9782(2), b = 13.1673(2), c = 11.2602(2) Å, β = 96.3260(10)° and X = Br_0.5I_0.5: a = 8.2435(12), b = 13.645(2), c = 11.5856(18) Å, β = 95.54(2)°]. The mixed halides show a statistic distribution in both cases. In (CH₃NH₃)₂CoCl₂I₂ an ordered variant is realized representing a new structure type [C2/m, Z = 4, a = 18.808(4), b = 7.3604(7), c = 10.4109(17) Å, β = 120.364(13)°]. (CH₃NH₃)₂CoI₄ crystallizes again isotypic to the respective mercury compound [(CH₃NH₃)₂HgCl₄] [Pbca, Z = 8, a = 10.9265(5), b = 12.1552(5), c = 20.9588(9) Å]. All structures are build up by inorganic tetrahedral [CoX₄]^2– anions and organic (CH₃NH₄)⁺ cations. Additionally the Raman spectra as well as the optical reflectance spectra are discussed.     

Simultaneous Determination of C,S, Cl,Br, and I in Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography

Abstract

A procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of C, S, Cl, Br and I in organic compounds by gas chromatography. Combustion of the sample to CO₂, SO₂ Cl₂, Br₂ and I₂ is effected, followed by a separation of the gases on two 10 ft. Al columns containing Kel F-3 and either Aroclor or dioctylphthalate.     

Ultra-sensitive determination of K, Th, U and other trace impurities in liquid organic scintillators by NAA

We present a NAA method to determine ultratraces of K, Th, U and other trace impurities in liquid organic scintillators, which are known as ultrapure detector materials for neutrino or dark matter experiments. A combined optimization of relevant factors for sensitive NAA has been realized, leading to a sensitivity for U down to 10⁻¹⁶g/g. Samples of 250 ml have been irradiated up to 120 h at a thermal neutron flux of 5–8·10¹²·n·cm⁻²·s⁻¹. Acidic extraction, wet ashing and TBP-extraction are used for radiochemical separations. Finally, coincidence techniques are applied for increased sensitivity.