Determination of Microcrystalline Wax in a Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer by Turbidimetry

Abstract

A method is described for the determination of microcrystalline wax in butadiene-styrene copolymer pellets at levels ranging from 0.10 to 0.55 wt. %. Polymer pellets are contacted with hot isooctane. The mixture is cooled and the solvent decanted. Following further cooling, the turbidity of the extracted solution is measured. The amouit of microcrystalline wax is calculated using a calibration curve derived from prepared standards. The limit of detection is 0.1% microcrystalline wax, due to sample background turbidity.     

二氯二茂锆的合成及其对丁苯共聚物加氢的催化活性

采用二乙胺法,ZrCl4与环戊二烯在混合溶剂[V(二氯甲烷)∶V(THF)=3∶7]中回流反应6 h,成功地合成了二氯二茂锆(1),收率43.1%,纯度98.3%,其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。以1催化丁苯共聚物(SBS)加氢[14 mmol.(kg SBS)-1,P2.0 MPa,于90℃反应1 h],SBS加氢度大于98%。     

聚氨酯废弃物的化学降解机理

根据降解剂的种类 ,聚氨酯废弃物的化学回收方法可以分为醇解法、胺解法、醇胺法、磷酸酯法、水解法、碱解法、氨解法、热解法、氢解法等等。本文主要介绍了前四种方法的降解机理     

二氯二茂钛的二乙胺法合成、表征及其催化丁苯共聚物加氢的性能

在二乙胺的存在下,用混合溶剂合成,反应条件温和,合成操作安全可靠,收率达78.6%;洗涤产物滤饼时用甲醇代替盐酸,避免了酸性废水的产生与排放;用甲苯重结晶,晶形好、纯度高。并对二氯二茂钛进行加氢催化性能研究,确定反应温度为67-75℃,压力为2.0 MPa以上,催化剂用量为0.4 mmol/100 g聚合物时,反应2小时丁苯共聚物的加氢度达98%以上。     

乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物热降解行为的TGA-FTIR研究

采用TGA-FTIR联用技术研究了乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(EBA)的热降解行为和热降解的气相挥发物。结果表明,EBA具有较高的热稳定性,其热分解温度范围为330～480℃;在320～430℃之间EBA通过主链侧基上的酯裂解而生成1-丁烯,此阶段中热降解气相挥发物主要含有1-丁烯、CO2和含有丙烯酸酯的碎片,约在370℃时1-丁烯的生成量达到最大;450℃以上时,聚合物材料脱羧后的骨架发生降解,其挥发性的产物主要是低分子量的—(CH2)n—(n≥4)的链烷烃。体系中还有少量的CO生成。     

聚己内酯-聚丙交酯-聚醚三元共聚高分子微粒及其降解的研究

用乳化－ 溶剂蒸发法制备了聚己内酯－ 聚丙交酯－ 聚醚三元无规共聚物微粒,且与用相同方法制备的聚己内酯（ＰＣＬ） 和聚己内酯－ 聚醚嵌段共聚物微粒的形态进行了比较,讨论了材料的亲水性,以及三元无规共聚物中亲水性聚醚链段的长度及含量对所形成微粒形态的影响。研究结果表明,随着聚合物由疏水性向亲水性转变,所生成微粒的形态则从光滑、多孔、到不规则变化。证明了三元无规共聚物多孔微粒的形成是由于亲水的聚醚链段向水相取向所致。在３７ ℃、ｐＨ７ ．４ 的缓冲液中进行了三元无规共聚物微粒的降解,结果表明,随着降解时间的延长, 三元无规共聚物的分子量逐渐下降,且其中的聚醚链段含量有明显的降低。     

吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯共聚物的体外降解性能

研究了37℃下吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯的共聚物在磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的降解,并且与聚(L-丙交酯与乙交酯)(PLGA)的降解进行了比较。通过静滴接触角测量、扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)、凝胶色谱仪(GPC)、核磁共振(1H-NMR)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等方法研究了材料的亲水性、表面形貌、结晶结构、失重率、分子量和结构的变化等。结果表明:与PLGA相比,吗啉二酮衍生物与L-丙交酯的共聚物具有更好的亲水性,接触角达到了74°,降解3个月后数均分子量下降80%以上,该共聚物能够实现两组份的同步降解。     

Recovery of Butadiene-Styrene Rubber from Latex at Low Temperature with Various Coagulants

The influence of the charge of a metal cation and the nature of a coagulant on the recovery of butadiene-styrene rubber and properties of rubber stocks and vulcanizates was examined.     

结合分子模拟探讨不同醚键PBS基共聚物的性能与酶催化降解

以硫二甘醇取代二甘醇,在聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯)(PBS)分子主链上分别引入硫醚和氧醚基团,得到聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-丁二酸硫代二乙二醇酯)[P(BS-co-TDGS)]和聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯-丁二酸二乙二醇酯)[P(BS-co-DEGS)],通过热重分析(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试比较了二者的结晶性能和热性能.采用南极假丝酵母脂肪酶N435(CALB)为催化剂,在水相中研究了P(BS-co-TDGS)和P(BS-co-DEGS)的降解规律及差异性.采用分子模拟方法研究了共聚物可能存在的聚集态以及N435酶与底物的结合,模拟结果验证了共聚物P(BS-co-TDGS)的结晶度下降及热稳定性降低的结论.分子对接模拟结果表明,N435酶与DEGSDEG单元的结合能更大,即含有丁二酸硫代二乙二醇酯键型底物P(BS-co-DEGS)与N435酶活性位点的对接更为稳定.     

2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-Dihydroquinoline Hydrochloride as Coagulant for Butadiene-Styrene Latices

Coagulating action of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline hydrochloride in separating butadienestyrene rubber from latex is studied, and the properties of vulcanizate based on rubbers prepared by this procedure are examined.     

Coagulation of Butadiene-Styrene Latex with Poly-N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylenammonium Chloride

The flocculating performance of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly-N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylenammonium chloride, in recovery of butadiene-styrene rubber in the presence of sulfuric acid at various temperatures was studied. The kinetic curves of flocculation of SKS-30 ARK latex at various amounts of the flocculant added were obtained.     

氰酸酯树脂改性热固性丁苯树脂的固化及其动力学

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了氰酸酯树脂改性热固性丁苯树脂的固化反应特性及其动力学.以温度-升温速率外推法计算得到固化反应起始温度(Ti0)、峰顶温度(Tp0)和终止温度(Tf0)分别为414.2、444.5、460.6 K,对改性树脂的固化过程进行优化.采用Freeman-Ca...     

Refined Continuous Thermodynamic Treatment for the Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium of Copolymer Solutions

Based on an improved calculation of activity coefficients, continuous thermodynamics using a generalized divariate Stockmayer distribution is applied to the liquid-liquid equilibrium of random copolymer solutions. The effects of the chemical polydispersity on the cloud-point curve, the shadow curve, the spinodal, and the critical point are discussed. The theory can account for the occurrence of three-phase equilibria as well as for the phase separation in pure copolymers.     

Iron-Containing Metalworking Wastes as a Chemosorbent for Wastewater Treatment from Molybdenum Ions

The extraction mechanism of molybdenum(VI) ions from model solutions with iron-containing metalworking wastes is studied. The experimental X-ray phase analysis and energy dispersive microanalysis data indicate that iron(III) molybdate appears in the first chemisorption stages with the subsequent formation of layers enriched in molybdenum(VI) oxide. The kinetics of the chemisorption of molybdenum(VI) ions from model solutions with iron-containing metalworking wastes is studied. We showed that the total exchange capacity of the modified steel chips having a specific surface of more than 15 cm2/g relative to molybdenum(VI) ions is limited only by the corrosion rate of steel chips and is achieved after its complete dissolution. The effectiveness of the chemisorption process is found. We also showed that iron-containing metalworking waste may be used for the purification of wastewater from molybdenum(VI) ions to the standard values.     

气相色谱法同时测定乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的降解产物丙烯酸甲酯及甲醇

提出了气相色谱法测定乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯(EMA)共聚物降解产物丙烯酸甲酯和甲醇的含量。样品经水浸取,浸取液于气相色谱分析,用火焰离子化检测器测定,外标法定量。丙烯酸甲酯和甲醇的质量浓度分别在0.1~2.0和1.0~20.0 mg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.2 mg.L-1。丙烯酸甲酯和甲醇的回收率分别在96.2%~100.5%和94.6%~97.4%之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于6.5%。     

中介相态丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物在热处理过程中的结构演变

通过熔体淬冷方式制备了中介相态丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物(PPR),综合使用原位红外光谱、原位X-射线散射(WAXD/SAXS)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)和动态机械热分析(DMA)等方法系统研究了中介相态PPR在升温过程中的微观结构演变.红外光谱研究结果表明,在连续升温过程中,中介相态PPR在30~50?C之间分子链构象发生了变化,其可能源于刚性无定形区(RAF)中部分链段构象的无序化转变,并发现在RAF中存在长度为n≤13(n为31螺旋序列中丙烯单元的个数)的螺旋序列.中介相态PPR在连续升温过程中经历了RAF中链段构象的无序化转变、中介相向α晶的转变、不完善α晶的熔融和α晶的完善化,以及α晶熔融4个转变过程.中介相向α晶的转变是一个异相成核生长过程,其结晶活化能ΔE=67.94 k J/mol.     

Flocculation of Butadiene-Styrene Latex with Polymeric Ammonium Salts of N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate and Mineral Acids

The flocculation performance of cationic polyelectrolytes (polymeric ammonium salts of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and mineral acids (HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄) in recovery of rubber from SKS-30 ARK butadiene-styrene latex was studied.     

Properties and Composition of the Wastes of Monoethanolamine Treatment of Hydrogen to Remove Carbon Dioxide

The properties and composition of the wastes of monoethanolamine treatment of pyrolysis hydrogen to remove carbon dioxide and their effect on corrosion of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in various media were studied.     

Heat Degradation of PVC Stabilized by Treatment with Alkylaluminum Compounds

Thermal degradation of PVC treated with alkylaluminum compounds has been studied. Four PVC samples of different molecular weights have been treated with Me₃Al, and Et₃A₁, and the dehydrochlorination rates of the polymers were determined at 190 and 220°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The alkylaluminum-treated low molecular weight samples show marked increase in thermal stability, i. e., slower rate of dehydrochlorination right from the beginning of degradation, whereas with the higher molecular weight samples stabilization becomes pronounced only after a few percent of dehydrochlorination. The color of R₃Al-treated samples was much lighter (yellowish) than those of controls (dark brown) at 1% HCl loss. The average polyene sequence lengths formed during the early stages of dehydrochlorination are found to be much shorter with RsAl-treated PVC than with virgin samples. It appears as though polyene sequences which arose by zipping- initiation from allylic and/or tertiary chlorine sites are longer than those which form by random initiation along the chain. The autocatalytic (i. e., HC1-catalyzed) dehydrochlorination observed with virgin PVC disappears after treatment with R3A1. The HCl-catalyzed dehydrochlorination is minimized when thin films are used instead of powdery samples, which may be due to higher rates of HC1 diffusion through thin films. Autocatalysis of dehydrochlorination is affected by the concentrations of double bonds and HCl and the length of polyene sequences. Interaction between polyenes and HC1 by hydrogen transfer may lead to the re-initiation of unzipping, thus lengthening the polyene sequences.     

Gas-Chromatographic Identification of the Products of the Thermal Degradation of a Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoro(Propyl Vinyl Ether) Copolymer

The volatile products of the thermal degradation of a tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) were identified based on a priori chemical information on the nature of samples (only perfluorinated compounds can be present) and on reference gas-chromatographic retention indices on a Silipore 600 polar inorganic adsorbent in combination with calculated values of these parameters. All of the major degradation products exhibited the general formula C _n F_2n and belonged to the perfluorocycloalkene (tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene were predominant) and perfluorocycloalkane (primarily, perfluorocyclobutane) series. Many minor components were represented by 1- and 2-perfluoroalkenes (n 6) and perfluorocycloalkanes (n 7).