基于密度噪声应用空间聚类算法的机载激光雷达建筑物点云提取与单体化

针对机载激光雷达建筑物点云提取过程中自动化提取困难,以及提取后的建筑物单体化过程烦琐等问题,提出一种基于密度噪声应用空间聚类(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise,DBSCAN)算法的机载雷达建筑物点云提取与单体化的方法.该方法对预处理后...     

中高层大气密度研究态势及热点分析

中高层大气在日地空间环境中起着承上启下的作用,同时也是热层、电离层和磁层耦合研究的重要领域,而中高层大气密度是大气环境的重要参数,是当前空间科学研究的热点,因此国内外学者开展了大量的研究工作。基于文献计量学的视角,分析了中高层大气密度研究的发展历程、主要研究国家、重点机构、资助基金和研究热点。通过分析可以看到,中高层大气密度研究领域年度发文呈现波动上升趋势,全球整体发文趋势受美国、德国、中国、法国和英国5个主要国家的影响较大。美国在该领域的研发机构数量非常多,尤其是美国科罗拉多大学和美国国家航空航天局科研实力雄厚,且相互之间科研合作非常密切。中国进入该领域较晚,但发展迅速,研究队伍、研究成果和基金数量进步明显,已经开展了神舟飞船、APOD(Atmospheric density and Precise Orbit Determination)卫星、天宫实验室、气象卫星等重大项目的大气密度探测,获取了大量高精度实测数据。目前该领域的研究热点主要集中在中高层大气密度多手段探测、高精度大气模型建立及大气密度预报等方面。     

兰州城区太阳紫外辐射及其与空气污染的关系

利用太阳辐射观测及环境空气质量监测资料，分析了各种天气状况下兰州城区太阳总辐射、紫外辐射的变化特征及其与空气污染的关系．结果表明：自1960-1998年地面接收的太阳辐射总体呈下降趋势，平均下降约12％．晴天紫外辐射占总辐射的4％-5％，紫外辐射的变化趋势与总辐射相同：兰州城区NOx，TSP质量浓度总体上呈下降趋势，O3质量浓度从1985-1989年有所下降，之后又呈上升趋势；紫外辐射与总辐射的比值与大气浑浊度因子S／D相关性较好，二者满足指数关系，相关系数蜘-0.79．兰州城区机动车NOx排放量随汽车保有量的快速增加而呈上升趋势．     

Feasibility study for joint retrieval of air density and ozone concentration profiles in the mesosphere using an ultraviolet limb-scan technique

For joint retrieval of vertical distributions of both air density and ozone concentration in the mesosphere which are two of the most important atmospheric parameters in this region, a retrieval scheme is suggested by using satellite limb scan observation at two UV wavelengths, i.e. 255 nm and 296 nm. The retrieval scheme is the modification of the direct method by Aruga and Heath with two UV wavelengths and two atmospheric parameters. Feasibility study was made based on simulated limb scan radiances computed with a single scattering radiative transfer algorithms of spherical geometry developed by the present authors and the inversion technique. Results of the simulations show that it is feasible to retrieve air density and ozone concentration vertical distributions on a global basis from satellite UV limb scan over the altitude range of 50 km～ 100 km with a vertical resolution of 1 km. The errors of the inferred profiles by using the joint inversion algorithm are greatly deduced, especially in the upper-mesosphere heights, compared with those by using the single inversion technique with a single wavelength.     

紫外线辐射量变化原因分析

利用菏泽市气象局2003年紫外线辐射强度历史资料数据，统计分析了紫外辐射日变化和年变化规律，总结得出臭氧、太阳高度角、大气透明度和云的变化是影响紫外辐射强度的关键因素．     

Attenuation of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou

The UV attenuation due to atmospheric aerosols in Guangzhou was quantitatively assessed using surface ultraviolet radiation (UV,295-385 nm) observation,sun photometer and radiation models.Observations showed that the annual average value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) was 1.19 in UV spectral region of 340 nm,the annual average occurrence frequency of aerosol optical depth AOD 340 nm >1.0 was 55%,and the annual average attenuation rate of surface UV direct radiation of 340 nm was 68%.It was proven in the observation of surface UV radiation and model evaluation that annual average attenuation of UV due to atmosphere was 75%,and that reached 72% in the dry season (October,November,December and January);while average attenuation of UV due to atmospheric aerosols reached 62% in the dry season.It was indicated that very significant UV attenuations due to atmospheric aerosols existed in Guangzhou urban agglomeration,and at least half of UV radiation was attenuated due to atmospheric aerosols.Such large-amplitude attenuation will have a significant impact on urban ecosystem and species chemical cycles,especially photochemical reaction processes.     

An interpretation of density holes observed by Cluster and Double Star in solar wind

To interpret density holes in the solar wind,which are nonlinear structures observed by Cluster and Double Star,we propose an electrostatic ion fluid model.We derive the Sagdeev potential from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)equations and study the characteristics of nonlinear structures in our model.The results show that density depletions(or holes)can develop from linear ion acoustic waves or ion cyclotron waves in space plasmas when parameters such as Mach number,initial electric field and ratio of ion to electron temperature satisfy certain conditions.In our model,the relative density depletion(or density holes)is from 0 to 1, and the time duration of density holes is from 2 s to more than 98 s.These are in good agreement with the observations by Cluster and Double Star in the solar wind.Our model also shows that the density holes should be accompanied by bipolar electric field solitary structures,which have also been observed by Cluster in the solar wind.     

特大磁暴时CHAMP卫星质量密度和NRLMSIS00模式在400km高度上的对比及初步研究

本文通过对比特大磁暴时CHAMP卫星探测的的质量密度和NRLMSIS00模式在400km高度上的数据,阐述了特大磁暴时大气密度扰动的一些规律。结果表明：NRLMSIS00模式在特大磁暴时低估了地磁扰动对大气密度变化的影响,不能很好的反映出实际热层大气密度变化。     

日本太阳辐射模型的研究概况与评析

太阳辐射模型是太阳能应用的一个非常重要的基础．本文介绍了日本太阳辐射模型的研究概况，并对其进行了评析．这些介绍与评析可为中国太阳辐射模型的研究提供参考     

Relationship between stomatal density and the changes of atmospheric CO2 concentrations

The relationship between the stomatal density of five woody plants endemic to China, i. e.Eucommia ulmoides, Quercus liaotungensis, Q. glandulifera var.brevipetiolata, Cyclocarya paliurus andFicus heteromorpha, and the atmospheric CO₂ concentrations was studied by observations on leaves of the herbarium-stored specimms(1920s–1990s). The results showed that the stomatal density inEucommia ulmoides, Quercus liaotungensis andQ. glandulifera var.brevipetiolata decreased significantly in response to the elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, while inCyclocarya paliurus it decreased slightly and inFicus heteromorpha there were no responses.     

同步辐射技术和透射电镜技术以及密度泛函理论相结合的综合表征方法及其应用

同步辐射技术和透射电镜技术是研究材料的重要表征手段,广泛应用于物理、化学、材料、环境与能源等学科的前沿研究领域.这两种技术方法,其物理原理是光子和电子与材料的相互作用,包括光子在材料中的散射与吸收,电子的衍射与能量损失等,从而演化出各种具体表征手段.从物理本质看,基于量子力学的密度泛函理论,其本征函数可以与同步辐射X射线的衍射和透射电镜电子的衍射得到的电荷密度相对应,而其本征值则可以与同步辐射X射线的吸收谱和光电子谱以及透射电镜电子的能量损失谱得到的能级或能带信息相对应.这些对应关系使得这两种技术手段和理论计算方法可以互相验证也可以互相补充,从而对材料的结构和电子信息的分析更为全面细致.本文综述了同步辐射技术和透射电镜技术的进展,通过典型材料表征进行举例说明,这两种技术结合密度泛函理论,能够深入分析功能材料的晶体结构信息以及各种物理化学性能.最后展望了这三种方法相结合的未来发展趋势.