Tyrosyl Fluorescence Decays and Rotational Dynamics in Tyrosine Monomers and in Dipeptides

Picosecond time-correlated single-photon counting was used to measure fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence anisotropy decays of tyrosine and the tyrosine–alanine and tyrosine–leucine dipeptides. After excitation of tyrosine at 287 nm two emitting species were observed, one at 303 nm with a lifetime of 3.3 ns and another at 340 nm with a lifetime of 360 ps. The rotational correlation time of tyrosine at 303 nm is 38 ps in water at pH 7 and depends linearly on viscosity with a slope of 44 ps/cP, consistent with Stokes–Einstein–Debye theory. We calculated a value of 45 ns for the radiative lifetime of tyrosine, yielding a fluorescence quantum yield of 0.07. The dipeptides Tyr–Ala and Tyr–Leu exhibit two- or three-exponential decays. The amplitudes of the decay components for three-exponential fits correlate closely with the populations of rotamers in these peptides as determined by NMR. The quenching of dipeptide fluorescence is shown to depend on the solvent polarity, strongly supporting the hypothesis that tyrosyl fluorescence in peptides is quenched by charge transfer. The rotational correlation times of tyrosine, Tyr–Ala, and Tyr–Leu increase linearly with the van der Waals volumes. However, rotational relaxation is somewhat faster than expected from Stokes–Einstein–Debye theory with stick boundary conditions.     

X荧光能谱分析中探测器响应函数建立方法

在X荧光能谱测量及分析过程中,通过建立探测器响应函数,可以实现对X荧光能谱中的全能峰峰形描述,有助于提高X荧光能谱分析速度、准确度和自动化程度。在X荧光能谱测量中,针对半导体探测器建立响应函数模型的理论与建模技术,文中对三种典型探测器响应函数建模方法,以及全能峰标准差、法诺因子等关键参数的求取进行了论述,并对已有研究进行了总结和比较。最后,对X荧光能谱测量中探测器响应函数建模方法给出了建议。     

液相硫化银纳米微粒的界面荧光和共振散射光谱特性

在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和硫代乙酰胺(TAA)存在下,Ag 和S2-反应生成较稳定的Ag2S纳米微粒。它在470nm处产生1个较强的荧光峰,在470nm处产生1个共振散射峰。TAA和Ag 浓度对体系荧光强度的影响与此两种物质浓度对共振散射强度的影响一致,随着Ag 浓度(0~8·0×10-5mol·L-1)增大荧光和共振散射光强度均线性增大。实验结果表明,荧光与共振散射之间存在相关性。此荧光为液相Ag2S纳米微粒产生的固液界面荧光。     

液相纳米硒微粒的性质及其共振瑞利散射光谱研究

常温常压下,在0.24 mol·L-1的盐酸介质中,二氧化硒与过量的抗坏血酸(Vc)作用,生成单质硒Se(0),获得含有纳米硒微粒的均匀溶液;采用透射电镜和激光散射技术,测出Se(0)以26～243 nm的球形聚集状态存在,并在470 nm处有最强的共振瑞利散射(RRS),在入射波长2倍和1/2处分别有二级散射(SOS)和倍频散射(MFS),其共振瑞利散射强度ΔI₄₇₀与Se(Ⅳ)的浓度在2.82×10-9～5.64×10-6 g·mL-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数为0.997。     

高分子介质中Al_2O_3微粒子的光学截面及散射强度分布的计算

本文利用 A.L.Aden和 M.Kerker微粒子 Mie散射理论计算了处于高分子介质中的Al2 O3微粒子的消光截面、散射截面以及散射强度分布函数 ,并和它们在空气介质中的结果进行了比较。     

舰船尾流气泡层散射相位函数及其后向散射信号特性分析

根据实测舰船的尾流气泡分布模型,利用米氏理论计算得到尾流气泡层的散射相位函数,并将其应用于尾流气泡层后向散射光接收信号的Monte Carlo仿真分析中,以便为实际海况下的舰船尾流气泡层后向散射光探测的实验设置与信号预测、分析提供可靠的依据.通过对不同距离处尾流气泡层的散射相位函数及后向散射光接收信号特性的分析,可以得出:尾流中气泡层散射相位函数的变化小明显,且对接收信号的影响较小;气泡数密度的变化导致的多次散射效应和气泡层衰减系数的变化是引起后向散射光强度变化的主要原因,数密度越大,散射光信号中的多次散射光成分越大;当气泡层厚度达到一定倍数的衰减长度时,继续增加气泡层厚度对后向散射接收信号的影响较小.     

外部荧光种子植入法增强液芯光纤中CS2的受激拉曼散射研究

本文报道了运用外部荧光种子(罗丹明6G乙醇溶液)植入法对液芯光纤中CS2受激拉曼散射的增强研究。实验结果表明, CS2的二阶、三阶Stokes波分别获得了1.92和11.71倍的增益。并对外部荧光种子植入法增强液芯光纤中受激拉曼散射的机制进行了分析。     

Antiparticle Excitation Effect in the Relativistic Spin-Isospin-Dependent Response Function of Nucleus

The spin-isospin-dependent response function of nucleus is studied in the relativistic formalism. Besides the well-known relativistic particlehole and A-hole excitations, the antiparticle excitations such as nucleon-antinucleon, nucleon-antidelta, antinucleon-delta excitations are also taken into account in the calculation of the response function, and the effect of the antiparticle excitation is emphasized. The antiparticle excitation enhances the response function and its effect to the response function is largely determined by the cutoff parameter which is introduced by the need of the renormalization. The position of the peak of the A-hole resonance is mainly dominated by short range correlation Landau-Migdal parameter g', and we find g' is about 0.6. The effect of two-nucleon absorption and projectiletarget form factor are also studied.     

用改进的格点哈密顿量计算1+2维U(1)规范场真空波函数

从格点U(1)规范场论中改进的哈密顿量出发,推导出截断本征方程.并对2+1维U(1)规范场真空波函数进行数值计算,验证了理论的预言:对格点哈密顿量进行改进能使真空波函数的标度行为明显地改善.