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1.
The behavior of K-exchanged gonnardite K2.18Na0.04Ca0.02(H2O)2.2[Al2.26Si2.74O10] at compression in penetrating water-containing medium was studied by synchrotron powder diffraction in diamond anvil cell. In contrast to the initial gonnardite, which exhibits the transition to high-hydrated paranatrolite at elevated humidity, its K-exchanged form is not capable of over-hydration even at high pressure. Within the whole studied pressure range (up to 4.8 GPa) the sample experiences the compression. At 3.5-4 GPa the compression anomaly is observed, which is interpreted as a phase transition accompanied by the symmetry lowering from tetragonal to monoclinic. The high-pressure structure evolution of K-exchanged forms of gonnardite and natrolite is compared; the difference in their behavior is explained by distinct configuration of the framework water-cation subsystem.  相似文献   

2.
Solid-state 1H NMR is applied to investigate the kinetics of diffusion of H2O molecules in the fibrous zeolite natrolite [Na2Al2Si3O10]?2H2O. It is found that the stepwise heating of the zeolite in air leads to the following pattern of molecular diffusion jumps: at first they increase in number and then decrease exponentially with time. Conducting such an experiment in an aqueous medium leads to the opposite effect. The results obtained confirm our previous suggestion about the importance of interstitial defects, or overhydrated local states, in molecular diffusion.  相似文献   

3.
Two near isomeric clusters containing a novel {Mn8W4} Keggin cluster within a [W36Mn10Si4O136(OH)4(H2O)8]24? cluster are reported: K10Li14 [W36Si4O136MnII10(OH)4(H2O)8] ( 1 ) and K10Li13.5Mn0.25[W36Si4O136MnII10(OH)4(H2O)8] ( 1′ ). Bulk characterization of the clusters has been carried out by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis, ICP‐MS, TGA, ESI‐MS, CV and SQUID‐magnetometer analysis. X‐ray analysis revealed that 1′ has eight positions within the central Keggin core that were disordered W/Mn whereas 1 contained no such disorder. This subtle difference is due to a differences is how the two clusters assemble and recrystallize from the same mother liquor and represents a new type of isomerism. The rapid recrystallization process was captured via digital microscopy and this uncovered two “intermediate” types of crystal which formed temporarily and provided nucleation sites for the final clusters to assemble. The intermediates were investigated by single crystal X‐ray analysis and revealed to be novel clusters K4Li22[W36Si4Mn7O136(H2O)8]?56 H2O ( 2 ) and Mn2K8Li14[W36Si4Mn7O136(H2O)8]?45 H2O ( 3 ). The intermediate clusters contained different yet related building blocks to the final clusters which allowed for the postulation of a mechanism of assembly. This demonstrates a rare example where the use X‐ray crystallography directly facilitated understanding the means by which a POM assembled.  相似文献   

4.
High‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction studies of a series of alkali‐metal‐exchanged natrolites, A16Al16Si24O80 ? n H2O (A=Li, K, Na, Rb, and Cs and n=14, 16, 22, 24, 32), in the presence of water, reveal structural changes that far exceed what can be achieved by varying temperature and chemical composition. The degree of volume expansion caused by pressure‐induced hydration (PIH) is inversely proportional to the non‐framework cation radius. The expansion of the unit‐cell volume through PIH is as large as 20.6 % in Li‐natrolite at 1.0 GPa and decreases to 6.7, 3.8, and 0.3 % in Na‐, K‐, and Rb‐natrolites, respectively. On the other hand, the onset pressure of PIH appears to increase with non‐framework cation radius up to 2.0 GPa in Rb‐natrolite. In Cs‐natrolite, no PIH is observed but a new phase forms at 0.3 GPa with a 4.8 % contracted unit cell and different cation–water configuration in the pores. In K‐natrolite, the elliptical channel undergoes a unique overturn upon the formation of super‐hydrated natrolite K16Al16Si24O80 ? 32 H2O at 1.0 GPa, a species that reverts back above 2.5 GPa as the potassium ions interchange their locations with those of water and migrate from the hinge to the center of the pores. Super‐hydrated zeolites are new materials that offer numerous opportunities to expand and modify known chemical and physical properties by reversibly changing the composition and structure using pressure in the presence of water.  相似文献   

5.
A TG, DTG and DTA study of three polynuclear coordination compounds,containing Al(III)-Mg(II), namely (NH4)4[Al2Mg(C4O5H4)4(OH)4]?2H2O,(NH4)4[MgAl2(C4H4O6)4(OH)4]?3H2Oand (NH4)2[Al2Mg(C6O7H11)5(OH)5]?3H2O,has been reported together with the associated thermal decomposition mechanismrationalized in terms of intermediate products. As decomposition end-product,magnesium-aluminum spinel is obtained. The values of MgAl2O4mean crystallite size depend on the anionic ligand contained by the precursorcompound, varying in the order: malate (143 Å) ligand contained by theprecursor compound, varying in the order: malate (143 Å)  相似文献   

6.
New Representatives of the Er6[Si11N20]O Structure Type. High‐Temperature Synthesis and Single‐Crystal Structure Refinement of Ln(6+x/3)[Si(11–y)AlyN(20+x–y)]O(1–x+y) with Ln = Nd, Er, Yb, Dy and 0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3 According to the general formula Ln(6+x/3)[Si(11–y)AlyN(20+x–y)]O(1–x+y) (0 ≤ x ≤ 3, 0 ≤ y ≤ 3) four nitridosilicates, namely Er6[Si11N20]O, Yb6.081[Si11N20.234]O0.757, Dy0.33Sm6[Si11N20]N, and Nd7[Si8Al3N20]O were synthesized in a radiofrequency furnace at temperatures between 1300 and 1650 °C. The homeotypic crystal structures of all four compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The nitridosilicates are trigonal with the following lattice constants: Er6[Si11N20]O: a = 978.8(4) pm, c = 1058.8(3) pm; Yb6.081[Si11N20.243]O0.757: a = 974.9(1) pm, c = 1055.7(2) pm; Dy0.33Sm6[Si11N20]N: a = 989.8(1) pm, c = 1078.7(1) pm; Nd7[Si8Al3N20]O: a = 1004.25(9) pm, c = 1095.03(12) pm. The crystal structures were solved and refined in the space group P31c with Z = 2. The compounds contain three‐dimensional networks built up by corner sharing SiN4 and AlN4 tetrahedra, respectively. The Ln3+ and the “isolated” O2– ions are situated in the voids of the structures. According to Ln(6+x/3)[Si(11–y)AlyN(20+x–y)]O(1–x+y) an extension of the Er6[Si11N20]O structure type has been found.  相似文献   

7.
The high-pressure compression behaviour of 3 different cation forms of gallosilicate zeolite with CGS topology has been investigated using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and a diamond-anvil cell technique. Under hydrostatic conditions mediated by a nominally penetrating pressure-transmitting medium, unit-cell lengths and volume compression is modulated by different degrees of pressure-induced hydration and accompanying channel distortion. In a Na-exchanged CGS (Na10Ga10Si22O64·16H2O), the unit-cell volume expands by ca. 0.6% upon applying hydrostatic pressure to 0.2 GPa, whereas, in an as-synthesized K-form (K10Ga10Si22O64·5H2O), this initial volume expansion is suppressed to ca. 0.1% at 0.16 GPa. In the early stage of hydrostatic compression below ∼1 GPa, relative decrease in the ellipticity of the non-planar 10-rings is observed, which is then reverted to a gradual increase in the ellipticity at higher pressures above ∼1 GPa, implying a change in the compression mechanism. In a Sr-exchanged sample (Sr5Ga10Si22O64·19H2O), on the other hand, no initial volume expansion is observed. Instead, a change in the slope of volume contraction is observed near 1.5 GPa, which leads to a 2-fold increase in the compressibility. This is interpreted as pressure-induced rearrangement of water molecules to facilitate further volume contraction at higher pressures.  相似文献   

8.
The Keggin-type cesium salt of transition metal-substituted phosphomolybdates, Cs5[PCo(H2O)Mo11O39]?·?6H2O (1) and Cs5[PMn(H2O)Mo11O39]?·?6H2O (2), were synthesized from commercially available H3PMo12O40. The compounds were characterized by thermal, structural, and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray structural analysis reveals that, in these isostructural disordered compounds, the transition metal (Co/Mn) and Mo atoms are distributed over 12 positions. The presence of Co/Mn atoms was confirmed by powder XRD, FT-IR, DR-UV-Vis, ESR, and 31P NMR studies.  相似文献   

9.
The design of structurally well‐defined anionic molecular metal–oxygen clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs), leads to inorganic receptors with unique and tunable properties. Herein, an α‐Dawson‐type silicotungstate, TBA8[α‐Si2W18O62] ? 3 H2O ( II ) that possesses a ?8 charge was successfully synthesized by dimerization of a trivacant lacunary α‐Keggin‐type silicotungstate TBA4H6[α‐SiW9O34] ? 2 H2O ( I ) in an organic solvent. POM II could be reversibly protonated (in the presence of acid) and deprotonated (in the presence of base) inside the aperture by means of intramolecular hydrogen bonds with retention of the POM structure. In contrast, the aperture of phosphorus‐centered POM TBA6[α‐P2W18O62]?H2O ( III ) was not protonated inside the aperture. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the basicities and charges of internal μ3‐oxygen atoms were increased by changing the central heteroatoms from P5+ to Si4+, thereby supporting the protonation of II . Additionally, II showed much higher catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde than I and III .  相似文献   

10.
Two Vanadium‐substituted Keggin‐type polyoxometalates, K3H2[α‐SiVW11O40]?6H2O (SiVW11) and K4H2[γ(1, 2)‐SiV2W10O40]?4H2O (SiV2W10) were first successfully immobilized on 4‐aminobenzoic acid modified glass carbon electrodes respectively by layer‐by‐layer assembly with poly (ethylenimine) (PEI) as counterions. The regular growth processes were monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and it was proved that the multilayer films were uniform and stable. The cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the electrochemical behavior of two multilayer films was similar, and their redox couples are pH‐ and scan rate‐dependent. The multilayer films show favorable electrocatalytic active toward the reduction of NO2?, IO3? and H2O2.  相似文献   

11.
The high-pressure behavior of zeolites of the stilbite-stellerite isomorphous series is studied by X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation in the penetrating (water-containing) medium in a high-pressure cell. At the initial stage (< 2 GPa), orthorhombic stellerite |Ca3.77(H2O)28| [Al7.54Si28.46O72] shows lower compressibility than monoclinic stilbite |Ca4.00Na1.7(H2O)30| [Al9.7Si26.3O72]. Single crystal XRD does not display any significant differences in the behavior of stellerite in the penetrating and nominally non-penetrating media. At the first stage of the compression, the number of H2O molecules increases from 28 to 32 due to the filling of statistically occupied positions. With further compression no changes are observed. At around 1 GPa stellerite undergoes a second-order phase transition with a decrease in symmetry from Fmmm to F2/m. The compressibility of the powder sample of stellerite is considerably lower than that of the single crystal. These differences may be attributed to kinetic effects of additional hydration induced by the pressure.  相似文献   

12.
The Rietveld method is used to determine the structure of two samples of high-hydrated zeolite paranatrolite: {Na1.15Ca0.38Sr0.04(H2O)3.1}[Al2.19Si2.81O10] (Vishnevye Mountains, Urals) and {Na2.01K0.04H0.04(H2O)3.8}[Al2.10Si2.90O10] (Kirov Mine, Khibiny Massif). Paranatrolite from the Vishnevye Mountains is characterized by the presence of split water positions and a relatively low total H2O content. Local water-cation assemblages (WCAs) of three configurations are identified in the statistical “mixture”. The extraframework subsystem in the structure of Khibiny paranatrolite is made of WCAs of one configuration. The H2O content of this mineral is close to the maximum possible amount and is a recordbreaker for natrolite-type minerals.  相似文献   

13.
In the present work, our aim is to decipher the cationic ordering in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets of two Al-rich synthetic materials, namely, phlogopites of nominal composition K(Mg3-xAlx)[Al1+xSi3-xO10](OH)yF2-y and lepidolites in the system trilithionite–polylithionite with composition K (LixAl3-x)[Al4-2xSi2xO10](OH)yF2-y, by directly probing the aluminium distribution through 27Al and 17O magic-angle spinning, multiple-quantum magic-angle spinning, and 27Al-27Al double-quantum single-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Notably, 27Al-27Al double-quantum single-quantum magic-angle spinning NMR spectra, recorded at 9.34 and/or 20.00 T, show the spatial proximity or avoidance of the Al species inside or between the sheets. In both studied minerals, the ensemble of NMR data suggests a preference for [4]Al in the tetrahedral sheet to occupy position close to the [6]Al of the octahedral sheets.  相似文献   

14.
The oxonitridoaluminosilicate chloride Pr10[Si10?xAlxO9+xN17?x]Cl was obtained by the reaction of praseodymium metal, the respective chloride, AlN and Al(OH)3 with “Si(NH)2” in a radiofrequency furnace at temperatures around 1900 °C. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (Pbam, no. 55, Z = 2,a = 10.5973(8) Å, b = 11.1687(6) Å, c = 11.6179(7) Å, R1 = 0.0337). The sialon crystallizes isotypically to the oxonitridosilicate halides Ce10[Si10O9N17]Br, Nd10[Si10O9N17]Br and Nd10[Si10O9N17]Cl, which represent a new layered structure type. The structure refinement was performed utilizing an O/N‐distribution model according to Paulings rules, i.e. nitrogen was positioned on all bridging sites and mixed O/Noccupation was assumed on the terminal sites resulting in charge neutrality of the compounds. The Si and Al atoms were refined equally distributed on their three crystallographic sites, due to their poor distinguishability by X‐ray analysis. The tetrahedra layers of the structure consist of condensed [(Si,Al)N2(O,N)2] and [(Si,Al)N3(O,N)] tetrahedra of Q2 and Q3 type. The chemical composition of the compound was derived from electron probe micro analyses (EPMA).  相似文献   

15.
17O (40.7 MHz) and 183W (12.5 MHz) NMR spectra of aqueous Na10[H2W12O42]·27H2O (1), Na6[W7O24]·14H2O (2) and (NH4)6[Mo7O24nH2O solutions, as well as of 2, 1 and 0.1 M Na2WO4 and 2 M Li2WO4 solutions acidified up to P = 0.5, 1 and 1.14 have been measured. The composition of the W7O246? anion remains unchanged (2), its structure being similar to that of Mo7O246?183W NMR spectrum shows three resonances with the chemical shifts + 269.2, ?98.8 and ?178.9 ppm relative to WO42? and intensity ratio 1:4:2. “Paratungstate A” produced during polycondensation of WO42? at P ? 1.17 is identical with heptatungstate W7O246?. The [H2W12O42]10?183W NMR spectrum in the acidified 2 M Li2WO4 solution has four resonances with the chemical shifts in the range - 105–145 ppm and intensity ratio 1:2:1:2. As suggested by NMR data, the H2W12O4210? ? W7O246? transformations occur, which depend upon concentration and temperature.  相似文献   

16.
The western region of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) is constituted of tholeiitic lava flows. They host numerous cavities, varying in size and shape, largely occupied by zeolites and a variety of secondary minerals, amongst which the fibrous zeolites (natrolite group), are particularly gorgeous and attractive. Scolecite and mesolite are the only two members commonly occurring in this region. Our data on their thermal behaviour significantly differs from that reported in previous literature. Scolecite, Ca8(Al16Si24O80)·24H2O shows three distinct steps instead of two and water loss is observed even beyond 550°C. It is held that the first step corresponds to the expulsion of water from the site farthest away from Ca and the next two steps in succession correspond to the two sites nearer to Ca. Mesolite, Na16Ca16(Al48Si72O240)· 64H2O has much more complex behaviour with four or five steps of water expulsion and a major loss around 248–270°C in a double reaction attributed here to the expulsion of water from scolecite type channels. It is further held that the natrolite type channels are emptied in further steps. Loss of water in steps even beyond 400°C is particularly noted and such reactions are well reflected in the TG and the DTG. Peak temperature dependence on sample amounts is also evident. Successive phase transformations above 700°C, up to 1000°C are reflected in the DTA curves.  相似文献   

17.
The Li4+xMxSi4+xO4‐yLi2O (M=Al, B; x = 0 to 0.6, y = 0 to 0.5) ion conductors were prepared by the Sol‐Gel method and examined in detail. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by DTA‐TG, XRD, SEM, and AC impedance techniques. The experimental results show that the conductivity and sinterability in creased with the amount of excess lithium oxide in the silicate. The Li2O phase acts as a flux to accelerate the sintering process and to obtain high conductivity of grain boundaries. The particle size of the sintered pellets is about 0.25 μm. The maximum conductivity at 200 °C is 5.40 × 10?3s cm?1 for Li4.4Al0.4 Si0.6O4‐0.3Li2O.  相似文献   

18.
The1H NMR spectra of the hydrated monocationic forms of clinoptilolite M6[Al6Si30O72]·nH2O (M=Li, Na, K, Cs, NH4; n=12–22) and M 3 [Al6Si30O72]·nH2O (M′=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; n=20–24) and heulandite M8[Al8Si28O72]·21H2O (M=Na, K) are divided into three types differing in the symmetry of tensors of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions of protons in zeolite water molecules. On the basis of model calculations it is shown that water molecules in the Cs, K, and Ba forms of clinoptilolite and the K form of heulandite are ordered in structural positions. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zeorex Ltd., Sofia. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 891–900, September–October, 1996. Translated by L. Smolina  相似文献   

19.
Rational self‐assembly of Sb2O3 and Na2WO4, or (NH4)18[NaSb9W21O86] with transition‐metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+), in aqueous solution under controlled conditions yield a series of sandwich type complexes, namely, Na2H2[Mn2.5W1.5(H2O)8(B‐β‐SbW9O33)2]?32 H2O (1) , Na4H7[Na3(H2O)6Mn3(μ‐OAc)2(B‐α‐SbW9O33)2]?20 H2O (OAc=acetate anion) (2) , NaH8[Na2Cu4Cl(B‐α‐SbW9O33)2]?21 H2O (3) , Na8K[Na2K(H2O)2{Co(H2O)}3(B‐α‐SbW9O33)2]? 10 H2O (4) , and Na5H[{Co(H2O)2}3W(H2O)2(B‐β‐SbW9O33)2]?11.5 H2O (5) . These structures are determined by using the X‐ray diffraction technique and further characterized by obtaining IR spectra and performing elemental analysis. Structure analysis reveals that polyoxoanions in 1 and 5 comprise of two [B‐β‐SbW9O33]9? building units, whereas 2 , 3 , and 4 consist of two isomerous [B‐α‐SbW9O33]9? building blocks, which are all linked by different transition‐metal ions (Mn2+, Cu2+, or Co2+) with different quantitative nuclearity. It should be noted that compound 2 represents the first one‐dimensional sinusoidal chain based on sandwich like tungstoantimonate building blocks through the carboxylate‐bridging ligands. Additionally, 3 is constructed from sandwiched anions [Na2Cu4Cl(B‐α‐SbW9O33)2]9? linked to each other to form an infinitely extended 2D network, whereas 5 shows an interesting 3D framework built up from offset sandwich type polyoxoanion [{Co(H2O)2}3W(H2O)2(B‐β‐SbW9O33)2]6? linked by Co2+ and Na+ ions. EPR studies performed at 110 K and room temperature reveal that the metal cations (Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+) reside in a square‐pyramidal geometry in 2 , 3 , and 4 . The magnetic behavior of 1 – 4 suggests the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between magnetic metal centers with the exchange integral J=?0.552 cm?1 in 2 .  相似文献   

20.
Two new peroxoniobophosphate clusters were isolated as tetramethylammonium (TMA) salts having the stoichiometries: TMA5[HNb4P2O14(O2)4]?9 H2O and TMA3[H7Nb6P4O24(O2)6]?7 H2O. The former is stable over the pH range: 3<pH<12 and the latter is stable only below pH 3. These two molecules interconvert as a function of solution pH. The [H7Nb6P4O24(O2)6]3? cluster can be used to fabricate patterned niobium phosphate films by electron‐beam lithography after solution deposition.  相似文献   

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