BiOI@La(OH)3纳米棒异质结制备及其增强可见光催化去除NO性能

一维La(OH)3纳米棒具有特殊的电子结构和多功能特性,特别是作为半导体光催化剂引起了人们极大的兴趣.但La(OH)3禁带宽度较大,且只能吸收紫外光,所以光催化效率较低,可见光利用能力较差,限制了La(OH)3的实际应用.因此,需要开发一种高效的改进方法来提高La(OH)3的可见光催化性能.本课题组发展了一种有效的改进La(OH)3方法,通过简易的方法将BiOI纳米颗粒沉积在La(OH)3纳米棒上,有效增强了对可见光的吸收能力和光生载流子的分离能力.本文采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、荧光光谱(PL)、光电子能谱(XPS)、电子自旋共振(ESR)、N2吸附和元素分析等手段研究了BiOI@La(OH)3纳米棒异质结的构建原理及增强可见光催化性能的原因.XRD和XPS结果表明,通过简易化学沉积法原位构建了BiOI@La(OH)3异质结,并且在异质结中没有杂相生成.由SEM图像可见,原始La(OH)3由分散的一维纳米棒组成,平均直径为30–50 nm.通过BiOI与La(OH)3表面的紧密接触成功构建异质结,但BiOI纳米颗粒未改变La(OH)3纳米棒的形貌.由TEM和HRTEM图像可见,La(OH)3纳米棒的平均长度为30–50 nm,并且在BiOI@La(OH)3异质结中可以清晰看出BiOI和La(OH)3之间紧密接触的界面和晶格间距.N2物理吸附结果显示,随着BiOI量的增加,BiOI@La(OH)3异质结的比表面积增加,但孔体积未现明显变化.UV-Vis DRS结果显示,引入BiOI后明显促进了La(OH)3对可见光的吸收能力和利用效率,从而有利于增强可见光催化活性.通过理论计算分别得到BiOI和La(OH)3的价带和导带位置,表明具有非常匹配的能带结构可以促进BiOI光生电子的有效转移.可见光催化去除NO测试结果表明,BiOI@La(OH)3异质结的光催化活性高达50.5%,明显优于BiOI和La(OH)3.ESR测试结果显示,BiOI@La(OH)3异质结可见光催化活性中起主要作用的活性物种是?OH.结合表征结果,BiOI@La(OH)3纳米棒异质结可见光催化性能增强的原因主要有三个:(1)BiOI@La(OH)3异质结增大的比表面积有利于反应物和产物在催化剂表面扩散,同时可提供更多活性位点参与光催化反应;(2)禁带宽度影响光催化效率,当BiOI与La(OH)3达到合适比例时,既可以促进可见光吸收,也可以使光生电子具有较强还原能力;(3)BiOI@La(OH)3异质结有利于光生载流子的分离,从而显著提高其光催化活性.     

New photocatalyst BiOCl/BiOI composites with highly enhanced visible light photocatalytic performances

BiOCl/BiOI composites with a visible light response were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Even though both single BiOCl and BiOI show low photocatalytic activity, BiOCl/BiOI composites provide enhanced efficiency in decomposing organic compounds including Methyl Orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, the 20%BiOCl/BiOI composite shows the highest efficiency for decomposing MO, while the highest performance is observed for the degradation of RhB over 70%BiOCl/BiOI composite. A possible photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed based on the relative experiments and the band positions of BiOCl and BiOI.     

石墨烯量子点修饰的BiOI/PAN柔性纤维的制备及其增强的光催化活性

In environment remediation, photocatalytic oxidation is a promising technique for removing organic pollutants. Compared to adsorption, biodegradation, and chemical oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation can eliminate organic pollutants completely, conveniently, and cheaply in an environmentally friendly manner. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxidation is particularly advisable because of the high proportion of visible light energy in solar energy. Bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is a promising visible-light-driven photocatalyst for the oxidization of pollutants, not only because of its narrow band gap, but also for its relatively low valence band (VB), which is adequate for photogenerated holes to oxidize a variety of organic compounds. However, the shortcomings of BiOI powder, such the difficulty of recycling it, its low surface area, and fast carrier recombination, limit its practical applications. Meanwhile, the flexibility and hierarchical structure of photocatalysts are particularly advisable because these properties are beneficial for the convenient operation, recycling, and performance improvement of these materials. Herein, based on an electro-spun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber substrate, a hierarchical BiOI/PAN fiber was prepared through an in situ reaction. In the as-prepared BiOI/PAN fibers, BiOI flakes were aligned vertically and uniformly around the PAN fibers. BiOI nuclei generated from pre-introduced Bi(Ⅲ) in the PAN fiber act as seeds for the growth of BiOI nanoplates, which is crucial for the formation of a hierarchical structure. Such a hierarchical structure can improve both the light absorption and carrier generation of the BiOI/PAN fibers, as demonstrated by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and photoluminescence emission. Therefore, the BiOI/PAN fibers exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI powder. When the BiOI/PAN fibers were decorated with pre-prepared graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a GQD-modified BiOI/PAN fibrous composite (GQD-BiOI/PAN) was fabricated. The morphology of the obtained GQD-BiOI/PAN fibers was nearly the same as that of the BiOI/PAN fibers. A step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction was formed between the GQDs and BiOI, which was confirmed by the fabrication method, photoluminescence emission, reactive radical tests, and XPS analysis. This kind of S-scheme heterojunction can not only effectively suppress the recombination of photogenerated holes, but can also reserve the more reductive electrons on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of GQDs and the more oxidative holes on the VB of BiOI, for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Because of the fibrous hierarchical structure and S-scheme heterojunction, GQD-BiOI/PAN outperformed BiOI nanoparticles and BiOI/PAN nanofibers in the photocatalytic oxidation of phenol under visible light. In addition, because of tight bonding, GQD-BiOI/PAN can be tailored and operated by hand, which is convenient for recycling. During recycling, no obvious loss of sample or decrease in photocatalytic activity was observed. This work provides a new pathway for the fabrication of flexible photocatalysts and a new insight into the enhancement of photocatalysts.      

Reduced-graphene-oxide-wrapped BiOI-AgI heterostructured nanocomposite as a high-performance photocatalyst for dye degradation under solar light irradiation

Solar photocatalytic water treatment has emerged as a promising way to provide clean water. However, most traditional photocatalysts (TiO₂, ZnO, etc.) are active only under ultraviolet light and have high recombination rates of photoinduced electron-hole pairs; therefore, they are not sufficient to fulfill all of the demands of practical applications. This problem could be overcome by developing highly solar-light-active and durable heterostructured photocatalysts. In this study, a new solar-light-active heterostructured reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/BiOI/AgI photocatalyst was successfully fabricated through a simple precipitation method. The resultant heterostructured RGO/BiOI/AgI nanocomposite exhibited extraordinary photocatalytic performance in the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The measured rate constant of the RGO/BiOI/AgI nanocomposite was six times higher than that of bare BiOI nanostructures. Its extraordinary capacity for harvesting full-spectrum light and long-term stability makes the RGO/BiOI/AgI nanocomposite a potential photocatalyst for environmental remediation.     

A Bi/BiOI/(BiO)2CO3 heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic NO removal under visible light

Narrow-band BiOI photocatalysts usually suffer from low photocatalysis efficiency under visible light exposure because of rapid charge recombination. In this work, to overcome this deficiency of photosensitive BiOI, oxygen vacancies, Bi particles, and Bi₂O₂CO₃ were co-induced in BiOI via a facile in situ assembly method at room temperature using NaBH₄ as the reducing agent. In the synthesized ternary Bi/BiOI/(BiO)₂CO₃, the oxygen vacancies, dual heterojunctions (i.e., Bi/BiOI and BiOI/(BiO)₂CO₃), and surface plasmon resonance effect of the Bi particles contributed to efficient electron-hole separation and an increase in charge carrier concentration, thus boosting the overall visible light photocatalysis efficiency. The as-prepared catalysts were applied for the removal of NO in concentrations of parts per billion from air in continuous air flow under visible light illumination. Bi/BiOI/(BiO)₂CO₃ exhibited a highly enhanced NO removal ratio of 50.7%, much higher than that of the pristine BiOI (1.2%). Density functional theory calculations and experimental results revealed that the Bi/BiOI/(BiO)₂CO₃ composites promoted the production of reactive oxygen species for photocatalytic NO oxidation. Thus, this work provides a new strategy to modify narrow-band semiconductors and explore other bismuth-containing heterostructured visible-light-driven photocatalysts.     

具有不同Bi/Ti摩尔比的BiOI/TiO2 (A)光催化剂的结构与性能

在室温条件下通过沉积法制备了BiOI敏化纳米锐钛矿TiO₂ (A)光催化剂. 用X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS), 光致发光(PL)光谱和紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对其进行了表征. 通过罗丹明B(RhB)催化降解实验评价了其光催化活性. 随BiOI含量增加, BiOI/TiO₂ (A)在370-630 nm的吸收强度增强, 吸收带边红移增加, 紫外和可见光催化活性先增加, 当BiOI含量约为1.7% (质量分数)时, 各自达到最大值, 然后随BiOI含量的进一步增加而减小. 1.7% BiOI/TiO₂ (A)的可见光活性明显高于P25, 它的紫外光活性也略高于P25. 在BiOI含量相近时, BiOI/TiO₂ (A)比BiOI/P25具有更低的光催化活性. 和TiO₂ (A)相比, 1.7% BiOI/TiO₂ (A)明显具有更高的紫外和可见光催化活性, 这归功于它在370-630 nm的强吸收、吸收带边红移明显以及光生电子和空穴的有效转移, 减少了电子-空穴对的复合.     

Preparation of upconversion Yb3+ doped microspherical BiOI with promoted photocatalytic performance

Bismuth oxychloride (BiOI) has a good visible light responsive property due to their relatively narrow band gap, and its photocatalytic performance was further improved by doping ytterbium ions (Yb³⁺). This may be due to strong optical absorption in UV–visible light, effective separation of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs, and the capacity to up-convert Near-IR light into visible-light of Yb³⁺ ions. In this study, a facile solvothermal method was adopted to synthesize Yb³⁺ ions doped BiOI photocatalysts. The doped photocatalysts with molar ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% Yb³⁺ ions were prepared. The 2% Yb³⁺ ions doped BiOI exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency on degrading Rhodamine B, which was two times higher than that of pure BiOI. Also Yb³⁺ ions doped BiOI showed high photocatalytic degradation on herbicide isoproturon. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV–vis DRS. It indicated that the doping ions entered the lattice of BiOI crystals and improved the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic mechanism was also studied. This work provided the potential application of Yb³⁺ doped BiOI for the degradation of organic contaminants.     

La掺杂BiOI微球可见光下光催化氧化NO性能研究

Photocatalytic oxidation has been widely acknowledged as an economical and effective technology for the treatment of low-concentration NO. Three-dimensional (3D) BiOI microspheres, which are typical visible-light responsive semiconductor photocatalysts, often suffer from quick recombination of photogenerated carriers and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity when applied in NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions. However, owing to their micro-sized structures, they are usually difficult to couple with other semiconductors and co-catalysts because of their incompact interfaces that provide insufficient contact. In this study, a rare-earth metal (La) doping strategy was first adopted to modify BiOI microspheres via a simple one-step solvothermal method; subsequently, the photocatalytic NO oxidation performance under visible light illumination was systematically investigated. Further, the La precursors and doping contents were optimized. It was found that La(NO₃)₂ was the best precursor when compared to LaCl₃ and La(AC)₃. Moreover, 0.3%La/BiOI exhibited the best NO photocatalytic conversion efficiency of up to 74%, which was significantly higher than that of the pure BiOI benchmark (44%). It also exhibited excellent stability during the continuous 5-cycle experiments. Analysis of the physicochemical properties revealed that La doping facilitated the crystallization of BiOI without altering its morphology and structure. La³⁺ may enter the BiOI lattice by substituting Bi³⁺ or forming La₂O₃ nanoclusters that homogeneously scatter in the mesopores of BiOI microspheres. The analysis of the underlying mechanism further revealed that La doping not only enhanced the light harvesting properties by decreasing the bandgaps of BiOI and accelerating the charge separation and transfer dynamics, but also introduced more oxygen vacancies and facilitated the formation of more OH radicals by dissociating the water molecules. All these factors co-contributed to the promotion of NO photocatalytic oxidation activities. Furthermore, NO was mainly oxidized to NO₂ over La/BiOI, and the formed NO₂ tended to desorb from the catalyst surface, which not only maintained the intactness of active sites and facilitated the sustainable occurrence of NO photocatalytic oxidation reactions, but also prevented the photocatalysts from frequent washing-regeneration; therefore, these factors account for the superior photocatalytic stability of La/BiOI and its long-term operation. The formed NO₂ could be easily and totally absorbed by the tail alkaline liquid, thereby effectively avoiding secondary pollution. Therefore, this study elucidates that doping is indeed a feasible and effective approach for the modification of 3D BiOI microspheres, while providing inspiration for the rational design and modification of other 3D semiconductor materials for various photocatalytic applications.      

Photocatalytic removal of tetracycline by a Z-scheme heterojunction of bismuth oxyiodide/exfoliated g-C3N4: performance,mechanism, and degradation pathway

Antibiotics, once being released into the environment, become recalcitrant organic pollutants, which pose a potential risk to ecological balance and human health. In this study, a Z-scheme heterojunction of bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI)/exfoliated g-C₃N₄ (BiOI/ECN hereafter) was synthesized by the combination of thermal exfoliation of g-C₃N₄ and chemical precipitation of BiOI for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. The optimized BiOI/ECN delivered an outstanding degradation rate at circa 0.0705 min^?1, which was 10 times higher than that of the bulk g-C₃N₄. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of tetracycline remained almost unchanged in a pH range of 3–11, and the BiOI/ECN displayed an excellent photostability upon recycled usage. The photocatalytic mechanism of tetracycline was ascribed to the main reactive oxidation species of photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals. In addition, the possible degradation pathways of tetracycline were investigated by HPLC-MS to identify intermediates. The toxicity of photocatalytic-generated intermediates of tetracycline was found significantly alleviated according to the calculation of quantitative structure–activity relationship prediction. This work not only provides an attractive photocatalyst for the removal of tetracycline but also opens a new avenue for rational design of Z-scheme heterojunction composites for tetracycline degradation.     

Self-assembly and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiOI hollow microspheres via a reactable ionic liquid

BiOI uniform flowerlike hollow microspheres with a hole in its surface structures have been successfully synthesized through an EG-assisted solvothermal process in the presence of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodine ([Bmim]I). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen sorption, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). A possible formation mechanism for the growth of hollow microspheres was discussed. During the reactive process, ionic liquid not only acted as solvents and templates but also as an I source for the fabrication of BiOI hollow microspheres and was vital for the structure of hollow microspheres. Additionally, we evaluated the photocatalytic activities of BiOI on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation and found that as-prepared BiOI hollow microspheres exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than BiOI nanoplates and TiO(2) (Degussa, P25) did. On the basis of such analysis, it can be assumed that the enhanced photocatalytic activities of BiOI hollow microspheres could be ascribed to its energy band structure, high BET surface area, high surface-to-volume ratios, and light absorbance.     

SrTiO3/BiOI异质结构:界面电荷分离、增强光催化活性和反应机理（英文）

异质结构光催化剂为实现高效的电荷分离,提高光催化性能提供了一种有效的途径.虽然宽禁带和窄禁带光催化剂已经得到了广泛的研究,但它们在接触界面上的电荷分离和转移规律尚未完全揭示.本文采用简便的方法成功地制备了一种新型SrTiO3/BiOI(STB)异质结构光催化剂.该光催化剂中的异质结构可以将光吸收扩展到可见光范围,从而在可见光照射下获得较高的光催化NO去除性能.实验和理论证据表明,BiOI光生电子可以通过预成型的电子传递通道直接转移到SrTiO3表面.XRD和XPS结果表明,SrTO3/BiOI复合材料已成功制备.SEM和TEM图像显示了SrTiO3,BiOI和STB样品的形貌.能量色散X射线(EDX)元素图清楚地表明SrTiO3均匀分布在BiOI纳米片表面,证实BiOI与SrTiO3形成了界面.高分辨率XPS表明,电子从BiOI中Bi和I原子转移到STB化合物中SrTO3的Sr和Ti原子.采用DFT进一步确定了BiOI与SrTiO3相互作用的机制.电子局域函数(ELF)表明,STB的接触界面存在共价相互作用.SrTiO3和BiOI之间生成的共价键导致局域化超额电子(e-ex)的积累.在可见光照射下,界面内的电子交换增强,从而提高反应物活化和ROS生成的效率.采用自制的连续流反应体系,研究了在可见光照射下制备的样品对NO去除的光催化性能.与SrTiO3和BiOI相比,STB具有显著增强的可见光光催化活性,去除率为59.0%.UV-vis DRS显示,STB异质结的光吸收扩展到可见光范围.SrTiO3具有可见光活性,这归因于EPR所描述的氧空位的存在.随后计算态密度(DOS),发现氧空位可以形成缺陷能级,降低激发电子所需的光能.利用ESR光谱发现,STB上的ESR信号强度都要强得多,说明STB异质结具有较好的氧化能力,也说明光生载流子可以通过电子传递通道被有效地分离.原位红外光谱表明,在SrTiO3上,NO主要转化为NO2.STB的加速电荷分离和转移特性,促进活性氧的生成,从而进一步有效地将有毒中间体NO2转化为目标产物.设计并制备的SrTiO3/BiOI异质结光催化剂在可见光辐照下净化空气中NO的效率提高,同时抑制了有毒中间体的生成.通过实验和理论相结合的方法揭示了在两种材料的接触界面上建立的电子传递通道.来自BiOI的光生电子可以通过预先形成的电子传递通道直接转移到SrTiO3表面,从而促进了ROS的生成,所以整体的NO纯化效率和对有毒中间体的抑制作用提高.综上,本文提出了一种简单、新颖的促进空气污染物高效安全净化的策略.     

花球状Bi2S3/BiOI复合光催化剂在空气中净化甲醛的应用

以硫代乙酰胺为硫源,采用水热阴离子转移法,制备由纳米片组装的花球状Bi₂S₃/BiOI复合光催化剂。以气相甲醛作为模型污染物,在检测舱中考察了复合催化剂对甲醛的净化作用。结果表明,具有异质结结构的Bi₂S₃/BiOI复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,能在可见光下净化空气中的甲醛,并且具有良好的循环使用稳定性。     

部分还原氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛复合材料的水热合成及其光催化活性

采用水热法以Hummers氧化法制备的氧化石墨和钛酸四丁酯为原料制备了部分还原的氧化石墨烯/二氧化钛(RGO/TiO₂)复合光催化剂, 并研究了该复合材料在可见光以及紫外光下对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解活性.结果表明, 通过改变反应温度和氧化石墨加入量可以调控TiO₂的晶相组成及其在复合材料中的分散性; 在水热反应过程中氧化石墨烯发生了部分还原; 所制备的RGO/TiO₂复合材料的可见光和紫外光催化活性均高于纯TiO₂; 部分还原的氧化石墨烯在复合材料中担当载体和电子受体, 同时可以使TiO₂的初始吸收边向可见光区域红移, 增强了TiO₂在可见光区域的吸收, 能有效提高对目标污染物的吸附性和光催化降解活性.     

Template‐free Fabrication of Hierarchical Macro‐/mesoporous N‐doped TiO2/graphene Oxide Composites with Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic Activity

Hierarchical macro‐/mesoporous N‐doped TiO₂/graphene oxide (N‐TiO₂/GO) composites were prepared without using templates by the simple dropwise addition mixed solution of tetrabutyl titanate and ethanol containg graphene oxide (GO) to the ammonia solution, and then calcined at 350 °C. The as‐prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in an aqueous solution under visible‐light irradiation. The results show that N‐TiO₂/GO composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity. GO content exhibited an obvious influence on photocatalytic performance, and the optimal GO addition content was 1 wt%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the synergetic effects of three factors including the improved visible light absorption, the hierarchical macro‐mesoporous structure, and the efficient charge separation by GO.     

花球状Bi2S3/BiOI复合光催化剂去除空气中甲醛的应用

以硫代乙酰胺为硫源,采用水热阴离子转移法,制备由纳米片组装的花球状Bi₂S₃/BiOI复合光催化剂。以气相甲醛作为模型污染物,在检测舱中考察了复合催化剂对甲醛的去除作用。结果表明,具有异质结结构的Bi₂S₃/BiOI复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,能在可见光下去除空气中的甲醛,并且具有良好的循环使用稳定性。     

Evaluation of the Photocatalytic Properties of Copper Oxides/Graphene/TiO2 Nanoparticles Composites

Easy and cost-efficient modifications of titanium dioxide nanoparticles that improve their efficiency in the visible light domain represent a continuous and challenging research topic. In addition, the effect of graphene on the overall photocatalytic process is still debated. Consequently, herein, we prepared a series of TiO₂ nanoparticle-based composites with different copper oxide mass content (1–3%) and co-doped with graphene of different oxidation degrees. Different characterization techniques were used to analyze the structural and physico-chemical properties of the obtained composites: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)/Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under both UVA and visible light irradiation. The nanocomposites show very good photocatalytic activity independent of the presence of reduced graphene oxide, due to the Cu₂O/CuO-TiO₂ heterojunctions. This finding has been confirmed by the very efficient visible-light-driven degradation of amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin.     

混合相二氧化钛石墨烯复合物的制备及光催化性能

采用水热法制备了一系列混合相二氧化钛-石墨烯(TrG)的复合物, 并考察了石墨烯的用量对降解污染物甲基蓝的影响. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱, 高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM), 拉曼光谱,紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS), X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和比表面积(BET)等测试手段对复合材料进行表征. 结果表明, 复合材料中TiO₂为棒状的混合相, 且均匀分散在石墨烯表面. 由于石墨烯良好的吸光性能,混合相中的异质结和复合物的良好光电子传递能力以及高比表面积, 复合材料具有较高的光催化活性. 所制备的TrG复合材料在紫外光下降解甲基蓝的催化活性均高于纯TiO₂, 且当氧化石墨烯负载量为0.8% (质量分数,w)时, 复合材料TrG具有较好的光催化效果.     

Facile Synthesis of BiOI Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Evaluation of their Photoactivity Under Sunlight Irradiation

In this study, highly photoactive BiOI nanoparticles (NPs) under sunlight irradiation were synthesized by a facile precipitation method using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS). The results of XRD showed that PVP did not have any significant effect on tetragonal crystalline structure of BiOI. Also, using different amounts of PVP in the synthesis led to different morphologies and sizes of BiOI particles. It was found that using 0.2 g of PVP in the synthesis method changed morphology from 1‐μm platelets to NPs with size under 10 nm. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of prepared photocatalysts was evaluated in the photodegradation of reactive blue 19 (RB19) dye under sunlight irradiation. The BiOI synthesized using 0.2 g PVP (BiOI0.2) showed higher degradation efficiency compared to BiOI prepared without any additive. Excellent visible light photocatalytic properties of nano‐scaled BiOI0.2 samples compared to BiOI platelets could be attributed to higher surface‐to‐volume ratio and narrow band‐gap energy of as‐prepared BiOI0.2 NPs.     

金属改性煤基石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

石墨烯由于其大的比表面积和良好的电子传输特性,在光催化领域具有巨大的应用潜力。本文通过水热法原位合成制备得到CuO/TiO₂/煤基石墨烯复合材料（CTG）,采用XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对样品结构、形貌等进行了表征和分析;进而以CuO/TiO₂/煤基石墨烯复合材料为光催化剂,在可见光条件下还原CO₂制备甲醇以考察其光催化性能。结果表明,CuO/TiO₂/煤基石墨烯复合材料具有良好的光催化活性,当其中Cu的负载量为2%（质量分数）时,目标产物甲醇的产率最高可达94.79 μmol/g.cat,为同样条件下单独采用煤基石墨烯作为光催化剂时甲醇产率的5倍。     

二硫化钼量子点/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化降解有机染料、四环素和Cr（VI）

以钼酸钠、L-半胱氨酸和氧化石墨烯为原料,采用一锅溶剂热还原法制备了二硫化钼量子点/还原氧化石墨烯（MoS₂ QDs/rGO）复合材料,分别以罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、四环素和Cr（VI）为目标污染物,研究了复合材料的可见光响应光催化降解性能。结果显示,MoS₂ QDs/rGO对两种染料和Cr（VI）的光催化降解率均可达97%以上,对四环素的光催化降解率为69%;循环使用10次,对目标染料的降解率均保持在90%以上。说明MoS₂ QDs/rGO具有良好的催化活性和稳定性。在降解体系中分别加入异丙醇、对苯醌和乙二胺四乙酸二钠捕获剂,结果显示,超氧自由基（?O₂^-）是MoS₂ QDs/rGO光催化反应的主要活性物种。