MoO3表面分散作用对丝光沸石晶体结构的影响

将晶相MoO_3与丝光沸石充分研磨混合后,在一定高温下加热,MoO_3在丝光沸石上自发分散。当分散量较少时,丝光沸石的晶休结构无明显变化,加热时间的延长,MoO_3分散量增加。沸石结晶度降低;当分散量相同时,加热时间延长,沸石结晶度不变。结果表明,丝光沸石晶体结构的破坏,是由于分散的表面层钼与沸石骨架强烈相互作用的结果。MoO_3分散量越多,这种相互作用越强,沸石结晶度越低。     

PtSnNa/SUZ-4:丙烷脱氢反应的高效催化剂

丙烷脱氢制丙烯是优化利用炼厂气和油田伴生气资源的一条重要途径.随着丙烯需求量的逐步增加,丙烷脱氢制丙烯日益受到重视.负载型PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有优良的丙烷脱氢活性和选择性,但在高温、低氢压的反应条件下,催化剂易积炭而失活.近年来,选用了微孔分子筛如ZSM-5和介孔分子筛如SBA-15和MCM-41作为PtSn催化剂的载体,结果表明,具有规整孔道结构的负载型PtSn/分子筛催化剂的丙烷脱氢反应稳定性明显优于PtSn/γ-Al2O3催化剂.SUZ-4分子筛与ZSM-5分子筛结构相似且孔径相当,所不同的是ZSM-5由十元环交叉孔道组成,而SUZ-4由十元环和八元环孔道垂直相交组成.我们用微型催化反应装置结合XRD、BET比表面积和孔体积测试、NH3吸附-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、氢化学吸附、热重分析(TG)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和程序升温氧化(TPO)等多种物理化学手段研究了负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4和PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂的结构和丙烷脱氢反应性能,以及这两种催化剂在丙烷脱氢反应中催化性能差异的原因.实验结果显示,在丙烷脱氢反应中,负载型PtSnNa/SUZ-4催化剂上丙烯选择性和反应稳定性明显优于PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂,说明载体一定程度上会影响催化剂上丙烷脱氢反应性能.XRD,BET比表面积和孔体积测试等表征手段结果表明,SUZ-4和ZSM-5的孔体积和比表面积比较接近,载体的结构又类似,且两者的积碳量也相近,故载体的基本性质和积碳量的差异不是引起催化剂性能差异的原因.NH3-TPD结果表明,H-SUZ-4的酸强度明显强于H-ZSM-5.由于浸渍法制备负载型PtSn催化剂所用前体为具有强酸性的混合溶液(H2PtCl6+SnCl4),存在于SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面的强酸中心不利于上述前体与SUZ-4分子筛孔道内表面结合.ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面比较弱的强酸中心,促进了催化剂前体在ZSM-5分子筛孔道内表面的分散与结合.和ZSM-5为载体的催化剂相比,PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.故多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因.为进一步证明多孔材料上Pt的分布是影响催化活性差异的主要原因,我们通过二苯并噻吩预处理催化剂的手段证明Pt粒子在分子筛孔内外的分布情况.由于二苯并噻吩的尺寸比较大(0.8 nm)不能进入到分子筛的孔道内(SUZ-4:0.56 nm,ZSM-5:0.56 nm),所以载体孔道外的部分Pt会被二苯并噻吩预处理而失去活性,而孔道内的Pt不会因为预处理仍具有催化活性.实验结果表明,PtSnNa/SUZ-4经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性大大降低;而PtSnNa/ZSM-5经过二苯并噻吩预处理后,催化活性几乎没有变化.说明PtSnNa/SUZ-4上Pt粒子大部分分散在载体的外表面,从而金属上的积碳不易引起催化剂的失活.     

含氮ZSM-5分子筛骨架中氮取代位置的密度泛函计算

运用Gaussian 98程序包, 采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 基于ZSM-5分子筛的8T模型, 分别通过6-31G, 6-31G(d)和6-311G(d,p)基组计算了ZSM-5分子筛中氮原子取代前后各O原子和各N原子的能量, 从而得到各O原子与各N原子在骨架中的稳定性及其对氮化取代反应的影响. 计算结果表明, N原子在骨架中的稳定性对氮取代反应的影响较大. ZSM-5分子筛晶体结构中与B酸位处于同一个四面体的O11位置, 为氮原子的最佳取代位置, 因此氮化后分子筛表面的B酸强度得到较大程度的减弱.     

H(Fe)ZSM-5分子筛的合成、表征及其催化性能的研究

用水热法合成出含铁ZSM-5沸石,并对其物相、外貌、结构组成、吸附、表面酸性和催化活性等性能作了测试。ESR和XPS测定结果表明Fe~(3+)进入沸石骨架。实验结果表明,表面总酸性较弱,L酸位浓度较大的H(Fe)ZSM-5在甲醇转化反应中有利于低碳烃的齐聚和异构化,而酸性较强的HZSM-5易使低碳烯烃氢转移而生成大量的气态烃。     

MoO3/HBZSM-5催化剂上甲烷的无氧芳构化反应

以含硼杂原子分子筛HBZSM-5为载体,考察了其担载MoO3后催化甲烷无氧芳构化反应的性能,并结合XRD,IR,TG和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,MoO3/HBZSM-5催化剂具有较高的甲烷芳构化活性,但稳定性较差.随着引入分子筛骨架中硼量的增大,甲烷的极值转化率增高;随着反应温度的升高,MoO3/HBZSM-5催化剂的甲烷芳构化活性升高.从产物分布的变化来看,硼的引入对于催化剂上乙烯的选择性影响较大;与MoO3/HZSM-5催化剂相比,MoO3/HBZSM-5催化剂上乙烯选择性大大提高.     

MMM分子筛的制备与表征

 以碱溶液处理ZSM－5分子筛，得到了含微孔及介孔的MFI结构分子筛（简称MMM），并采用XRD，XRF，SEM，XPS和低温氮吸附等技术对分子筛进行了表征．结果表明，通过改变处理碱的浓度可以得到具有不同物化性能的MMM分子筛，其化学组成、介孔及微孔的大小和多少，及分子筛晶体上n（Al）／n（Si）均随碱浓度的变化而变化，随着碱浓度的增加，分子筛部分微孔结构遭到破坏，介孔的数量增加，孔径增大，n（Al）／n（Si）增大．碱处理脱硅的过程包括脱除晶粒间的无定形物质，脱除分子筛表面的硅及脱除分子筛体相硅等步骤，硅脱除以后形成了介孔．     

Synthesis and Characterization of ZSM-5/β Co-Crystalline Zeolite

ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolites with different content of ZSM-5 have been synthesized by adding different amount of ZSM-5 to the synthetic system of β zeolite with NaAlO2, silica sol as the source of aluminum and silica, respectively, and TEA as the template under controlled condition of the synthesis. The ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite was studied by XRD, SEM, BET and NH3-TPD. The reaction activity of toluene alkylation was investigated with a mixture of toluene-methanol as the feedstock in a pulse micro-reactor over the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite. It is found that ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite has two kinds of zeolite structure including ZSM-5 and β zeolite, not in the form of a physical mixture. The pore structure of ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolites is different from that for β zeolite, ZSM-5 and their physical mixture. In addition, the peaks of both high and low temperature desorption of ammonia over the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite shift 23 ℃ to lower temperatures and the acid amount of its strong acid is 3% more than the physical mixture. So the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite produces the highest content of xylene, which is 10.4% higher than the physical mixture. And the ZSM-5/β co-crystalline zeolite has better selectivity for toluene alkylation and weaker de-methylation than β zeolite, ZSM-5 and their physical mixture.     

Secondary Synthesis and Characterization of Boron-Containing ZSM-5 Zeolites

Under conditions of secondary synthesis and to varying extents, boron can be incorporated into the tetrahedral framework sites of a ZSM-5 zeolite which has been synthesized template-free or in the presence of organic template compounds and subjected to calcination or hydrothermal treatment. Isomorphic incorporation of boron is verified by means of ¹¹B MAS NMR measurements and it is reflected in a contraction of the unit cell volume of the zeolite lattice. A comparative study of the catalytic properties of the boron-containing ZSM-5 in acid catalysed n-hexane cracking revealed that samples based on template synthesis product are more active and show less tendency to deactivation.     

无胺合成[Fe]ZSM-5分子筛的结构鉴定及其催化性能的研究

不用有机胺为模板剂,在碱性介质中采用水热合成法成功地合成了[Fe]ZSM-5分子筛.用X射线衍射、透射电镜、红外光谱、顺磁共振谱、X射线光电子能谱和穆斯堡尔谱等对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,Fe原子进入了分子筛骨架,并处于四面体的配位环境.在由甲醇转化为汽油的过程中,以本文合成的[Fe]ZSM-5与用有机胺为模板剂合成的[Fe]ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂相比,其活性和选择性几乎相同,且都比通常的H[Al]ZSM-5好,C₅组分以上的选择性大于80%,且芳烃(包括脂环烃)和异构烃的含量达75%以上.     

高硅ZSM-5分子筛和二次合成Ti-ZSM-5分子筛的结构

运用度角旋转（MAS）和交叉极化（CP）等核磁共振波谱和红外光谱技术，分别对采用不同模板剂制备的高硅ZSM－5分子筛和以此为母体，经气固同晶取代法得到Ti－ZSM－5分子筛的结构特性进行了研究．结果表明：在水热法合成高硅ZSM-5分子筛过程中，模板剂明显制约着所制得的分子筛的结构特性．通过选用合适的模板剂，可直接获得具有正交晶系结构的高硅ZSM－5分子筛．在随后的气固相同晶取代过程中，钛原子通过占据分子筛骨架中的缺陷位进入骨架，形成具有一定Ti／Si比例的钛硅分子筛（Ti－ZSM－5）。骨架结构中缺陷位的含量直接影响分子筛的载钛量。     

杂原子分子筛(Ⅱ)——B-Si Pentasil型沸石分子筛晶体结构的研究

应用多晶X射线衍射法测定了B-SiPentasil型沸石分子筛的晶体结构并经Rietveld法修正.其晶胞参数为:α=19.983(1)Å;b=19.973(1)Å;c=13.303(1)Å.空间群为D_2h¹⁶-P_nma.晶体的骨架结构与所报导的Si-AlZSM-5相似.结构测定的结果表明:硼原子进入了沸石分子筛的骨架.     

镧改性提高ZSM-5分子筛水热稳定性

基于12T 团簇模型, 利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了ZSM-5 分子筛的水解脱铝机理以及镧改性提高ZSM-5分子筛水热稳定性的机理. 对未改性分子筛水解脱铝机理的研究表明, 首先是第一个水分子吸附在分子筛表面的酸性位上, 对分子筛的Al—O键起弱化作用, 使Al—O键伸长; 接着第二个水分子吸附到分子筛表面,分别与第一个水分子和分子筛骨架形成氢键, 进一步弱化与其最邻近的Al—O键, 并引致该键断裂. 同样, 其它的三个Al—O键也被削弱并逐一断裂, 从而发生分子筛水解脱铝现象. 引入的镧物种与分子筛骨架的四个O原子成键, 将铝包埋, 增加了分子筛孔壁厚度, 增大了水分子攻击铝的空间位阻, 抑制了水分子对Al—O键的弱化, 从而延缓Al—O键的断裂, 提高分子筛的水热稳定性. 计算的水分子吸附能和水解能进一步证实镧的引入提高了ZSM-5分子筛的水热稳定性.     

27Al和29Si MAS-NMR对Mo/HZSM-5催化剂的研究

使用＾２９Ａｌ固体离分辨核磁技术对甲烷无氧芳构化催化剂Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛进行了研究，发现ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛本体中仅含有少量非骨架Ａｌ，Ｍｏ物种与分子筛骨架Ａｌ的相互作用随Ｍｏ担载量以及焙烧的温度的升高而增加，在高温焙烧下，Ｍｏ物种会使分子筛骨架严重脱铝，并且生成Ａｌ２（ＭｏＯ４）３新相，最终导致分子筛骨架塌陷，催化性能下降。     

Dealuminated ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst for Ethylene Oligomerization to Liquid Fuels

Ethylene oligomerization using ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated to study the role of Bronsted acid sites in the formation of higher hydrocarbons. The oligomerization of olefins, dependent on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite, is an important step in the conversion of natural gas to liquid fuels. The framework Si/Al ratio reflects the number of potential acid sites and the acid strength of the ZSM-5 catalyst. ZSM-5 with the mole ratio SiO2/Al2O3 equal to 30 was dealuminated for different periods of time according to the acidic ion-exchange method to produce ZSM-5 with various Si/Al ratios. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the integrated framework aluminum band, non-framework aluminum band, and silanol groups areas of the ZSM-5 zeolites decreased after being dealuminated. The performance of the dealuminated zeolite was tested for ethylene oligomerization. The results demonstrated that the dealumination of ZSM-5 led to higher ethylene conversion, but the gasoline selectivity was reduced compared to the performance     

杂原子分子筛(ⅩⅤ)-含镓ZSM-5型沸石的合成、结构及其性能的研究

以水玻璃、三氯化镓、1,6-己二胺和水为原料,合成了SiO₂/Ga₂O₃为60-38间的含镓ZSM-5型沸石.X-射线谱图表明含镓ZSM-5型沸石与硅铝ZSM-5型沸石相似,电子探针的分析结果表明镓原子进入了沸石骨架。     

Direct Imaging of Atomically Dispersed Molybdenum that Enables Location of Aluminum in the Framework of Zeolite ZSM-5

Integrated differential phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM) is capable of directly probing guest molecules in zeolites, owing to its sufficient and interpretable image contrast for both heavy and light elements under low-dose conditions. This unique ability is demonstrated by imaging volatile organic compounds adsorbed in zeolite Silicalite-1; iDPC-STEM was then used to investigate molybdenum supported on various zeolites including Silicalite-1, ZSM-5, and mordenite. Isolated single-Mo clusters were observed in the micropores of ZSM-5, demonstrating the crucial role of framework Al in driving Mo atomically dispersed into the micropores. Importantly, the specific one-to-one Mo-Al interaction makes it possible to locate Al atoms, that is, catalytic active sites, in the ZSM-5 framework from the images, according to the positions of Mo atoms in the micropores.     

3D Raman Spectroscopy of Large Zeolite ZSM-5 Crystals

Hydrothermal treatment is a common method used to modify the physicochemical properties of zeolite-based catalyst materials. It alters the number and type of acid sites through dealumination and increases molecular diffusion by mesopore formation. Steaming also reduces the structural integrity of zeolite frameworks. In this study, Raman microscopy has been used to map large zeolite ZSM-5 crystals before and after steaming. 3D elemental maps of T−O (T: Al or Si) sites of the zeolite were obtained. The Raman active vibrational bands were determined, which are indicative of (non-) framework Al, as well as of structural integrity. Zeolite steaming caused the introduction of additional heterogeneities within the zeolite framework. Al migration and the formation of extra-framework Al species were observed. The described experiments demonstrate the capability of 3D Raman spectroscopy as a valuable tool to obtain information on the spatial distributions of framework elements as well as defects within a zeolite-based material.     

Anionic emulsion-directed synthesis of zeolite ZSM-5 with tunable morphology and Si/Al ratio

Zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized for the first time in an anionic emulsion system composed of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, pentanol, cyclohexane and zeolite synthesis mixture, and subsequently characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TG and N₂ adsorption techniques. It is found that altering emulsion composition and adding electrolyte can effectively change the morphologies and/or Si/Al ratios of the ZSM-5 samples. Besides the commonly seen coffin morphology, ZSM-5 particles with rare elliptic cylinder, column and ellipsoid morphologies are also obtained. Depending on the weight ratios of anionic surfactant and zeolite reaction mixture, the framework Si/Al ratios of ZSM-5 samples vary slightly. Investigations on the crystallization process further show the emulsion system can induce rapid crystallization by virtue of shortening the induction time. The ways that the emulsion system affects zeolite crystallization, framework Si/Al ratio and particle morphology are tentatively discussed.     

ZSM-5沸石膜的吸附表征

The framework and thickness of synthesized ZSM-5 membranes were characterized using static and dynamic adsorption methods. It is shown that the adsorptive properties of the membranes are the same as ZSM-5 zeolite, the average thickness of the membranes was 13 μm calculated from the adsorptive ability, which matched very well with the result measured by scanning electron micrograph. The results also shown that zeolite membranes have greated adsorptive ability than zeolite powders. The high Si/Al rate zeolite membranes have selective ability on ethanol/water, and this interpreted the separation of ethanol-water mixtures with the membranes.     

Ru/ZSM-5催化葡萄糖选择性加氢制备山梨醇(英)

采用无有机模板剂一步法制备了Ru/ZSM-5催化剂,利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-程序升温脱附和CO₂-程序升温脱附、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法对催化剂进行了表征.考察了反应温度、钌负载量和催化剂重复利用等因素对Ru/ZSM-5上葡萄糖加氢反应性能的影响,并与浸渍法制备的Ru/ZSM-5催化剂进行了对比.结果表明,与传统浸渍法相比,一步法制备的Ru/ZSM-5催化剂钌粒子具有更高的分散性和稳定性.在120℃和4 MPa的温和反应条件下,葡萄糖接近完全转化,山梨醇选择性高达99.2%,催化剂可重复利用5次,仍保持较高活性.