Cu-Pt-Au三元合金催化水煤气变换反应的密度泛函研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了不同掺杂量的Cu-Pt-Au催化剂性质及水煤气变换反应（WGSR）在催化剂表面上的反应机理。首先对Cu-Au和Pt-Au二元催化剂的稳定性和电子活性进行研究,发现Pt-Au催化剂的协同效应较优,稳定性更优,结合能为77.15 eV,d带中心为-3.18 eV。当将Cu继续掺杂到Pt-Au合金中构成Cu-Pt-Au三元催化剂时,Cu₃-Pt₃-Au（111）结合能为77.99 eV,且d带中心为-3.05 eV,表明其具有较优的稳定性和电子活性。探讨了WGSR在Cu₃-Pt₃-Au（111）上的反应历程,氧化还原机理因CO氧化的能垒达到4.84 eV而不易进行。CHO和COOH两个中间体为竞争关系,且形成CHO中间物时的能垒较小,因此,反应相对容易按照甲酸机理进行。     

CeO_2-Al_2O_3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积-沉淀法制备了CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H2-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积-沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO2-Al2O3复合氧化物具有较大的CeO2晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

Synthesis of ternary mesoporous Cu-Zn-SiO2 materials at ambient temperature and their application for the water gas shift reaction

A series of ternary mesoporous CuZnMCM-41 materials has been synthesized at ambient temperature and their structure was characterized by XRD, N₂ physical adsorption and TPR techniques. Their catalytic applications in CO water gas shift reaction were studied.     

不同金属催化水煤气变换反应活性的Monte Carlo模拟研究

运用BOC-MP方法对Cu(110),Cu(111),Pd(111)和Au(111)等过渡金属催化的WGS反应的可能微观动力学步骤进行了详尽的能学数据计算,并结合MonteCarlo方法对WGS反应的表面氧化还原机理进行了计算机模拟。结果表明,Cu的催化活性优于Pd,Au的催化活性,并获得了相应金属上WGS反应的表观活化能及动力学指前因子(相对值);在此基础上,对该反应的结构敏感性进行了研究,发现该反应为一结构敏感反应,与实验结果相符。     

CeO2-Al2O3负载金催化剂用于水煤气变换反应的催化活性

采用浸渍法和沉积 沉淀法制备了CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,比较了复合氧化物负载纳米金催化剂对水煤气变换反应的催化活性。通过N2物理吸附、XRD、TEM、H₂-TPR等表征手段对复合氧化物及其负载金催化剂的物相和结构进行分析,发现复合氧化物的制备方法及其焙烧温度对其比表面积、孔结构及水煤气变换反应活性有明显的影响。与沉积 沉淀法相比,浸渍法制备的CeO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物具有较大的CeO₂晶粒尺寸,经500℃焙烧后再负载金,所得催化剂具有更高的活性,250℃时CO转化率可达78.1%。     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al2O3 with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al2O3 catalyst and the contents of Mo5+, Mo4+, S2- and S2-2 species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475-0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

Effect of Mg/Al atom ratio of support on catalytic performance of Co-Mo/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst for water gas shift reaction

Co-Mo-based catalysts supported on mixed oxide supports MgO-Al₂O₃ with different Mg/Al atom ratios for water gas shift reaction were studied by means of TPR, Raman, XPS and ESR. It was found that the octahedral Mo species in oxidized Co-Mo/MgO(x)-Al₂O₃ catalyst and the contents of Mo⁵⁺, Mo⁴⁺, S²⁻ and S²⁻₂ species in the functioning catalysts increased with increasing the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support under the studied experimental conditions. This is favorable for the formation of the active Co-Mo-S phase of the catalysts. Catalytic performance testing results showed that the catalysts Co-Mo/MgO-Al₂O₃ with the Mg/Al atom ratio of the support in the range of 0.475–0.525 exhibited optimal catalytic activity for the reaction.     

Water–gas shift reaction catalyzed by mononuclear ruthenium complexes containing bipyridine and phenanthroline derivatives

Ruthenium complexes of the type [RuL(CO)₂Cl₂], [RuL₂Cl₂], [RuL₂(CO)(H₂O)](PF₆)₂, [RuL₂Cl]₂(PF₆)₂, [RuL₂(CO)Cl](PF₆), and [RuL₂(CO₃)]·3H₂O (where L is a bipyridine or phenanthroline derivative) dissolved in aqueous 2‐ethoxyethanol, and in a basic medium of KOH, triethylamine, or trimethylamine, catalyze the water‐gas shift reaction under mild conditions (P_CO = 0.9 atm at 100 °C). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MoO_x促进的Pt基催化剂用于低温水汽变换反应(英文)

通过浸渍还原法制备了不同比例的Pt-Mo/SiO_2催化剂,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线近边吸收谱和X射线光电子能谱表征了Pt-Mo/SiO_2催化剂的组成、结构及价态.研究结果表明,少量MoO_x修饰Pt-Mo/SiO_2催化剂在低温水汽变换反应中表现出比Pt/SiO_2催化剂更高的催化活性,过量MoO_x包覆的Pt-Mo/SiO_2催化剂活性较低.低温水汽变换反应活性来自于Pt与表面MoO_x的界面协同作用,限域在Pt纳米颗粒表面的MoO_x表现出较低价态,高分散MoO_x纳米岛修饰的Pt纳米颗粒是低温水汽变换反应的活性结构.     

负载Fe2O3的Zr基钙钛矿催化剂对逆水煤气反应的影响

采用固相反应法制备了钙钛矿结构的BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O₃,并用BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O₃作为载体负载Fe₂O₃,通过X射线衍射分析（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察负载型催化剂的晶相结构和微观形貌,同时考察了制备的催化剂的逆水煤气反应催化活性。结果表明,BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O₃粉体1200℃煅烧5h时,负载型催化剂具有较好的催化活性;BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O₃对逆水煤气反应有一定的催化作用,负载少量的Fe₂O₃催化剂可以明显促进CO₂还原,在空速为1.13h^-1,温度为650℃时,CO收率可以达到31%;催化剂经过长时间运行催化效果良好,制备的催化剂活性较稳定。     

Metal doped silica membrane reactor: Operational effects of reaction and permeation for the water gas shift reaction

In this work, we investigate the performance of metal (Cobalt) doped silica membranes in a membrane reactor (MR) configuration for the low temperature water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The membranes were hydrostable and showed activated transport even after 2 weeks exposure to steam. High CO conversions resulted in the H₂ and CO partial pressures in the reaction chamber moving in opposite directions, thus favouring H₂/CO separation to treble (5–15) from 150 to 250 °C. On the other hand, the separation of H₂/CO₂ remained relatively low (2–4) as the driving force for diffusion or partial pressure of these gases remained equal in the reaction chamber irrespective of the extent of conversion. Below approximately 40% CO conversion, the MR is ineffective as the H₂ driving force for permeation was so low that H₂/CO selectivity was below unity. Operating under equilibrium limited conversion (space velocities 7500 h⁻¹) conditions, very high conversions in excess of 95% were observed and there were no significant advantages of the MR performance over the packed bed reactor (PBR). However, for higher throughputs (space velocities 38000 and 75000 h⁻¹) conversion is affected by the reaction rate, and relatively enough H₂ is removed from the reactor through the membrane. Increasing temperature to 250 °C as a function of the space velocity (75000 h⁻¹) allowed for the CO conversion in the MR to shift up to 12% as compared to the PBR.     

水相中磷酸氢二铵催化Knoevenagel反应

醛与活泼亚甲基化合物的Knoevenagel反应是有机合成中广泛应用的形成碳碳键的重要方法,该反应一般是弱碱性催化剂存在下完成的,如各类胺、脲[1]等,Lerwis酸[2]、杂多酸[3]、氨基酸[4]等也可用于催化该反应。近年来,无溶剂条件下超声、微波辅射[5-6]也可以促进反应,但大部分是在     

Au_n团簇催化水煤气变换反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Au10、Au13和Au20三类团簇的稳定性和对水煤气变换(WGSR)反应的催化活性,考察了各物质在Aun团簇上的吸附行为和微观反应机理。结果表明,三类Aun团簇的稳定性顺序为Au10Au13Au20,而Aun团簇中电子离域性及吸附能力大小趋势为Au13Au10Au20。在三类Aun团簇上,水煤气变换反应的控速步骤均为H2O的解离,但其反应机理路径有所不同。Au10团簇上为羧基机理,COOH*中间体直接解离;Au13团簇上为氧化还原机理,两个OH*发生歧化反应;Au20团簇上为羧基机理,COOH*和OH*发生歧化反应。通过对三类团簇上的最佳反应路径进行比较发现,Au13团簇在低温下具有较好的催化活性。     

Synthesis of ruthenium complexes with carbonyl and polypyridyl ligands derived from dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine: application to the water gas shift reaction

The preparation and spectroscopic properties of new dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine ruthenium complexes are described. The complexes show high catalytic activity in the water gas shift reaction in a basic medium under mild conditions (P_CO = 0.9 atm at 100 °C). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Activity promotion of anti-sintering AuMgGa2O4 using ceria in the water gas shift reaction and catalytic combustion reactions

Heterogeneous gold nanocatalysts have both inspired researchers with their unique catalytic performance and frustrated them due to the contradictions observed in their activities and stabilities. A recent breakthrough has shown that gold nanoparticles (NPs) can retain their catalytically active size over a MgGa₂O₄ spinel support upon sintering at high temperatures. Herein, we report the catalytic activity of anti-sintering Au

MgGa₂O₄ for use in water gas shift reaction (WGSR) and catalytic combustion reactions, and the promoting effect of ceria. Upon adding ceria to 800°C-aged Au

MgGa₂O₄, the CO conversion in the WGSR was increased from ～1.5% to ～34.0% at 450°C, and the “light-off” temperatures (T₅₀) for methane combustion and CO oxidation were decreased by ～80 and ～100°C, respectively. Characterizations using XRD, HAADF-STEM, EDS mapping, H₂-TPR, XPS, and DRIFTs confirmed the proximate contact of Au with ceria and their significant synergistic effect, which thereby combined the benefits of ceria toward the dissociation of H₂O or O₂ and the Au NPs toward activating CO or CH₄. These results show that this stepwise stabilization-activation strategy is efficient for rationally constructing stable and active gold nanocatalysts, which may open up possibilities for the wide application of gold nanocatalysts at elevated temperatures.     

Catalysts of alcohols' condensation tested in water-gas shift reaction

Catalytic activities of the system Sn-Ce-Rh-O and its oxide components SnO₂ and CeO₂ have been tested in the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The degree of conversion obtained in the presence of the system studied was similar to that obtained in the presence of low-activity iron oxides. The redox properties of the system studied, similarly as the redox properties of iron oxides, have been found responsible for their activity in WGSR. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Catalytic properties of copper chromite ferrites in water gas shift reaction and hydrogen oxidation

The catalytic properties of a series of copper chromite ferrite samples with the composition CuCr_2–xFe_xO₄ (where x = 0–2) and a spinel-type structure in reactions with reducing (water gas shift reaction, WGSR) and oxidizing (the oxidation of hydrogen) reaction atmospheres were studied. The samples were obtained by the thermal decomposition of mixed hydroxo compounds. The distribution of Cu²⁺ ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral crystallographic positions of spinel, which depends on the Cr³⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio, affects the apparent activation energy (E_a) in both of the reactions. In WGSR, E_a is ～33 kJ/mol for CuCr₂O₄, in which Cu²⁺ ions mainly occupy tetrahedral positions, whereas E_a ≈ 100 kJ/mol for CuFe₂O₄, in which Cu²⁺ ions mainly occupy octahedral positions. In the reaction of hydrogen oxidation, E_a is ～71 kJ/mol for CuCr₂O₄ or ～42 kJ/mol for CuFe₂O₄. The value of E_a for the mixed chromite ferrites changes with the replacement of chromium ions by iron ions and, hence, with a ratio between the amounts of copper ions in the tetrahedral and octahedral oxygen positions of spinel.     

双金属催化剂体系催化过氧化氢分解反应

研究了双金属催化剂体系催化过氧化氢分解反应,测量了不同催化剂体系的活化能.结果表明,双金属催化剂对过氧化氢分解反应具有良好的催化性能,且双金属催化剂存在协同催化作用;而酸性环境对过氧化氢催化分解有明显的抑制作用.     

Measurement of heterogeneously catalyzed gas reactions by DSC

Gas reactions, catalyzed by solid catalysts, can be measured by DSC. In the experimental set-up an open sample pan with catalyst (powder or pellet) is placed on the sample side of the DSC sensor. The reactive gas mixture flows through the cell and reacts on the catalyst surface. The heat effect, caused by this reaction, results into a DSC signal.The calibration procedure is described for quantitative evaluation of the DSC measurements. For illustration four different reaction systems are discussed.