Losses and nonlinear steady-state particle distribution functions for fully ionized tokamak-plasmas in the collisional transport regimes

Fully ionized L-mode tokamak plasmas in the fully collisional (Pfirsch-Schlüter) and in the low-collisional (banana) nonlinear transport regimes are analyzed. We derive the expressions for particles and heat losses together with the steady-state particle distribution functions in the several collisional transport regimes. The validity of the nonlinear closure equations, previously derived, has been indirectly tested by checking that the obtained particle distribution functions are indeed solutions of the nonlinear, steady-state, Vlasov-Landau gyro-kinetic equations. A quite encouraging result is the fact that, for L-mode tokamak plasmas a dissymmetry appears between the ion and electron transport coefficients: the latter submits to a nonlinear correction, which makes the radial electron coefficients much larger than the former. In particular we show that when the L-mode JET plasma is out of the linear region, the Pfirsch-Schlüter electron transport coefficients are corrected by an amplification factor, which may reach values of order 10². Such a correction is absent for ions. On the contrary, in the banana regime, the ion transport coefficients are increased by a factor 2 and the nonlinear corrections for electrons are negligible. These results are in line with experiments.     

Propagation and Absorption of ECR Waves in a Low Temperature Toroidal Plasma of Small Size and Magnetic Field

The propagation and absorption of ECR waves in a tokamak plasma with small size and low values of the electron temperature and the toroidal magnetic field is studied numerically. The cold plasma dispersion equation is solved and ray tracing calculations are performed to find the accessibility conditions and the optimal angle of wave launching for maximal ECR absorption. Absorption coefficients are computed in the high density approximation.     

杂质扩散方程的数值解法

研究杂质在等离子体中的扩散(非定态)时,提出了求解二阶非线性抛物型偏微分方程组的问题。对于这类方程组的数值求解,不少人进行过研究,但是在理论上至今还不够完善。仅就常用的差分方法而言,对于具体问题仍有采用哪种差分格式、如何线性化以及如何迭代等问题。这些问题的解决带有一定的经验性质。     

HL-2Aװ�����������˵��о�

用密度调制的方法研究了等离子体中粒子输运问题。采用了注入脉冲式补充送气和超声分子束两种不同的密度调制方法。在HL-2A装置常规欧姆放电的情况下,运用有限差分法和Nagashima矩阵技术,求解了粒子平衡方程。计算出了粒子的输运系数(对流速度v和扩散系数D)。研究了粒子输运系数与等离子体线平均密度之间的关系。实验结果表明,在欧姆放电的情况下,等离子体芯部的粒子对流速度方向始终是向内的,并且密度低时,粒子输运系数(粒子扩散系数D和对流速度v)较大;密度高时,粒子输运系数较小。     

One-Dimensional Transport Code Modeling of the Divertor-Limiter Region in Tokamaks

A model of the divertor-limiter scrapeoff region has been incorporated into the BALDUR one-dimensional tokamak transport code. Simulations of the proposed Toroidal Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR), and Poloidal Divertor (PDX) experiments and existing Alcator-A tokamak experiments have been carried out for ohmic and neutral beam heated cases. In particular, we have studied how the edge conditions and energy-loss mechanisms in PDX depend upon plasma density, and compared our results with analytic estimates. The sensitivity of the results to changes in the transport coefficients and scrapeoff model is discussed with particular reference to the power loading on the TFTR limiter.     

新型低混杂波发射天线设计研究

描述了一种新型低混杂波天线／有源／无源波导间隔排列的阵列天线，给出了其物理模型和计算方法，对其发射波谱和反射特性进行了研究。计算了这种波导阵列中的有源波导的平均反射系数和发射波谱的方向性系数随等离子体参数和天线参数的变化关系，以及不同参数下的发射波谱，并对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上现有低混杂波天线特性做了更进一步的分析计算。     

A transport model for alcator scaling in tokamaks

A theoretical model is proposed to explain the tokamak energy confinement time. With no adjustable numerical coefficients, the model predicts experimentally observed values to within a level of uncertainty consistent with the intrinsic spread of the experimental data and the necessity of calculating the confinement time without precise knowledge of the temperature profile.     

HL-2Aװ��ECE����ϵͳ�궨�о�

在HL-2A装置的电子回旋辐射(ECE)外差测量中,为实现电子温度剖面分布的绝对测量,采用双温度法和磁场扫描法分别对扫频和多道ECE测量系统进行了标定,获得了各道间的相对标定系数,并利用等离子体中心道Thomson散射测量的电子温度对ECE测量系统进行了绝对标定。结果表明,这两种方法都能实现可靠的标定,并对两者的优劣进行了比较和讨论。     

Comparative study of runaway electron diffusion in the rise phase of low qa and normal qa discharges in the SINP tokamak

The behaviour of runaway electrons in the SINP tokamak, which can be operated in a normal edge safety factor (q _a ) (NQ) discharge configuration as well as in a low q _a (LQ) configuration, was experimentally investigated, during the initial plasma generation phase. An energy analysis of the runaway electron dynamics in the rise phase of the SINP tokamak discharges was also made. A comparison of the runaway electron diffusion coefficients in NQ and LQ is carried out in this paper.     

低混杂波电流驱动中原副边回路相互作用

本文用速度空间二维高速电子Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程和原、副边回路方程组成的方程组描述托卡马克装置低浊经杂民流驱动宏观参数，研究了低混杂波电流驱动中的电场效应和原、副边回路相互作用应用该程序，初步模拟了ＨＬ－１装置的ＬＨＣＤ实验。     

Stochasticity from external magnetic field measurements

To determine whether or not magnetic field lines inside a tokamak plasma are stochastic we need the Fourier coefficients of any perturbing radial field inside the plasma. Usually what is measured with magnetic pick-up coils is the root mean square poloidal field outside the plasma. Although no unique transformation is available, we present a model which allows an interpretation of the measured (external) root mean square field in terms of the internal Fourier harmonics. The results are applied to particular TEXT discharges, and suggest a link between magnetic stochasticity and an increasing (more positive) radial electric field, as measured with a heavy ion beam probe     

Methods for reconstructing equilibrium plasma configurations in the Globus-M spherical tokamak

A magnetic diagnostics allowing one to reliably reconstruct equilibrium plasma configurations in a tokamak over a wide range of operating parameters is developed. The accuracy of determining the geometrical parameters and thermal energy of the tokamak plasma is analyzed in detail. The experimental data obtained in the Globus-M tokamak are processed the with help of the EFIT code. The influence of the plasma configuration on the intensity of the main impurity lines is investigated.     

低杂波驱动中增强的电子回旋辐射

本文基于三波共振相互作用，研究了低杂波驱动的高频电磁辐射。Ｖｌａｓｏｖ方程的导向中心形式被用来推导包括动力效应的耦合系数。在小ｋｚ近似下，给出了耦合系数中的所有速度积分。对一般非线性色散关系进行了详细理论分析，结果表明：（１）低杂泵浦波可以激发电子Ｂｅｒｎｓｔｅｉｎ波，并伴随高频电磁辐射；（２）以这种方式激发的电磁辐射是一种热电子回旋辐射，辐射强度随着等离子体温度和密度的增加而增加。这样我们可以假定，本非线性不稳定性可以成为低杂波驱动中增强电子回旋辐射及等离子体电子回旋辐射的起因。     

Enhanced energy confinement and performance in a low-recycling tokamak

Extensive lithium wall coatings and liquid lithium plasma-limiting surfaces reduce recycling, with dramatic improvements in Ohmic plasma discharges in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade. Global energy confinement times increase by up to 6 times. These results exceed confinement scalings such as ITER98P(y,1) by 2-3 times, and represent the largest increase in energy confinement ever observed for an Ohmic tokamak plasma. Measurements of Dalpha emission indicate that global recycling coefficients decrease to approximately 0.3, the lowest documented for a magnetically confined hydrogen plasma.     

空间傅里叶分析法识别MHD扰动模式

讨论了用空间傅里叶分析法确定托卡马克等离子体MHD磁扰动模式的方法。根据托卡马克实验的状况,对不同情况下的MHD磁扰动进行了详细的数值模拟,重点分析了该方法的系统误差,模拟结果与HL-1M装置上的实验结果进行了对比。比较结果表明,用空间傅里叶分析法识别托卡马克中的MHD扰动模式是一种可以行之有效的方法。     

Zonal-flow dynamics and size scaling of anomalous transport

Nonlinear equations for the slow space-time evolution of the radial drift-wave envelope and zonal flow amplitude have been self-consistently derived for a model nonuniform tokamak equilibrium within the coherent four-wave drift wave-zonal flow modulation interaction model of Chen, Lin, and White [Phys. Plasmas 7, 3129 (2000)]]. Solutions clearly demonstrate turbulence spreading due to nonlinearly enhanced dispersiveness and, consequently, the device-size dependence of the saturated wave intensities and transport coefficients.     

具有超导环向场磁体的HT－7装置

本文概述了建造具有超导环向场线圈的ＨＴ－７装置进展情况，对装置各部分的特点及主要参数作了详细介绍．     

Role of pressure gradient on intrinsic toroidal rotation in tokamak plasmas

The toroidal plasma rotation generated by the external momentum input and by the plasma itself (intrinsic rotation) has been separated through a novel momentum transport analysis in the JT-60U tokamak device. The toroidal rotation, which is not determined by the momentum transport coefficients and the external momentum input, has been observed. It is found that this intrinsic rotation is locally determined by the local pressure gradient and increases with increasing pressure gradient. This trend is almost the same for various plasmas: low and high confinement mode, co and counterrotating plasmas.     

Comparison benchmark between tokamak simulation code and TokSys for Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor vertical displacement control design

Vertical displacement event(VDE) is a big challenge to the existing tokamak equipment and that being designed. As a Chinese next-step tokamak, the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR) has to pay attention to the VDE study with full-fledged numerical codes during its conceptual design. The tokamak simulation code(TSC) is a free boundary time-dependent axisymmetric tokamak simulation code developed in PPPL, which advances the MHD equations describing the evolution of the plasma in a rectangular domain. The electromagnetic interactions between the surrounding conductor circuits and the plasma are solved self-consistently. The TokSys code is a generic modeling and simulation environment developed in GA. Its RZIP model treats the plasma as a fixed spatial distribution of currents which couple with the surrounding conductors through circuit equations. Both codes have been individually used for the VDE study on many tokamak devices, such as JT-60U, EAST, NSTX, DIII-D, and ITER. Considering the model differences, benchmark work is needed to answer whether they reproduce each other's results correctly. In this paper, the TSC and TokSys codes are used for analyzing the CFETR vertical instability passive and active controls design simultaneously. It is shown that with the same inputs, the results from these two codes conform with each other.     

MPT－X磁偏滤器位形的数值计算

ＭＰＴ－Ｘ是带４个内导体坏的托卡马克装置。本文用差分法计算了ＭＰＴ－Ｘ磁偏滤器的平衡磁面位形。结果表明，迭加上各种强度的八极场都能形成磁偏滤器位形，形成电流的放电中心区域随八极场的增加而收缩。还模拟了从多极器运行模式向托卡马克的过渡。