α-甲基苯乙烯与苯乙烯阴离子共聚合研究——Ⅱ.共聚组成及单体表观竞聚率

 本文研究了以正丁基锂为引发剂、四氢呋喃为极性添加剂,在环己烷中进行α-甲基苯乙烯与苯乙烯阴离子共聚合。通过共聚组成及聚合活性种研究,由反应机理推导了该体系的共聚组成方程,求得了不同[THF]下的表观竞聚率值r₁和r₂。     

甲基丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯的原子转移自由基共聚

研究了甲基丙烯酸丁酯和苯乙烯两种不同极性单体的原子转移自由基嵌段共聚和无规共聚，得到了实测分子量与理论分子量相近、分子量分布较窄的嵌段共聚物和无规共聚物。聚合过程中分子量和单体转化率成比例增加，多分散性指数变化不大。用＾１Ｈ ＮＭＲ法测定共聚组成，Ｋdisplay status     

α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯阴离子共聚组成研究

本文研究了BuLi-THF引发α-甲基苯乙烯与丁二烯在环己烷中阴离子共聚的共聚组成与聚合活性种的关系,建立了多活性种存在下伴有解聚的共聚组成方程,求得了不同[THF]下的单体表观竞聚率γ_1和γ_2值,并估算了它们的误差。     

苯乙烯－乙烯共聚物的合成及其结构性能的研究

用负载型钛系催化剂ＭｇＣｌ２／ＴｉＣｌ４，ＮｄＣｌ３／ＡｌＥｔ３（ＳＮ－１催化剂）制备出组份比例变化的苯乙烯－乙烯共聚产物，共聚产物通过溶剂萃取分离，＾１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ，ＩＲ，动态粘弹谱进行表征，并初步进行了与聚苯乙烯共混作用的研究。结果表明，ＳＮ－１催化剂能有效地催化苯乙烯与乙烯共聚合，共聚产物为含有均聚聚苯乙烯的共聚复合物，其中约２５ｍｏｌ％的苯乙烯参加了共聚。共聚产物与ａＰＳ共混可明显提高ａＰ     

苯乙烯—马来酸酐自由基共聚反应：（Ⅱ）苯乙烯—马来酸酐聚合反应机理

简要地综合苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚反应机理和数学模型研究和进展。在一定程度上络合－解离模型更能说明苯乙烯－马来酸酐共聚过程。     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐自由基共聚反应 (Ⅰ)苯乙烯-马来酸酐电荷转移络合反应

电荷转移络合反应机理是研究苯乙烯－马来酸酐自由基交替共聚反应机理的关键。本文简述了苯乙烯－马来酸酐电荷转移络合反应的研究进展。     

苯乙烯—马来酸酐自由基共聚反应：（Ⅰ）苯乙烯—马来酸酐电荷转移络？…

电荷转移络合物反应机理是研究苯乙烯－马来酸酐自由基交替共聚反应机理的关键。本文简述了苯乙烯－马来酸酐电荷转移络合物的研究进展。     

钯-稀土催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚反应

 利用稀土钇盐或钕盐和乙酸钯组成的催化体系催化一氧化碳和苯乙烯共聚,合成了聚(1-氧代-2-苯基丙撑). 用元素分析、红外光谱、示差扫描量热、热重分析及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对共聚产物进行了表征. 测试结果表明,共聚物为一氧化碳和苯乙烯的线性交替共聚产物,其玻璃化温度为235 ℃,熔点为250 ℃,分解温度为325 ℃,且用XPS未检测到聚合物中含有残留的金属. 同时考察了催化剂组分2,2′-联吡啶、对甲苯磺酸和对苯醌及溶剂甲醇等的用量对共聚反应的影响,并对聚合反应条件进行了优化. 在优化的反应条件下稀土与钯组成的复合催化剂对一氧化碳和苯乙烯交替共聚的催化活性可达1200 g/(g·h).     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯-N-苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚物的研究

 研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯-N-苯基马来酰亚胺三元共聚体系的组成以及分子量分布对共聚物的耐热及物理机械性能的影响.实验结果表明:在一定条件下如果适当控制混合单体比例,可望获得一种综合性能较优越的共聚物材料.     

N-对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯溶液共聚动力学的研究

以DMF为溶剂 ,采用膨胀计法对N 对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯的溶液共聚动力学作了系统研究 .其中N 苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯的均相溶液聚合 ,聚合速率方程为Rp=k[I]1/ 2 [M ].同时还测定了四种N 对位取代苯基马来酰亚胺与苯乙烯在DMF中的共聚表观活化能 ,并由此证明四种单体的共聚活性及CTC络合物的存在     

全氟甲基乙烯基醚和其它含氟单体乳液共聚合的竞聚率测定

分别通过气相色谱法测定了全氟甲基乙烯基醚 (PMVE)与偏氟乙烯 (VDF)以及PMVE与四氟乙烯(TFE)二元乳液共聚反应中的气相单体组成和共聚物组成 ,然后用非线性回归法 (RREVM )计算得TFE PMVE及VDF PMVE乳液共聚合反应的表观竞聚率分别为γTFE =3 89和γPMVE =0 0 5以及γVDF =1 0 6和γPMVE =0 11.结合已经测定的TFE VDF二元乳液共聚的表观竞聚率 ,计算了由VDF TFE PMVE三元乳液共聚合反应合成的共聚物组成 ,后者与由1 9F NMR实测的共聚物组成吻合     

丙烯腈,丙烯酸甲酯,衣康酸三元共聚竞聚率的测定

本文主要论述三种单体以不同配比在硫氢酸钠水溶液中进行共聚合，探讨其反应规律，用电子计算机由三元共聚组成方程求出了反应体系中三个单体的六个竞聚率，建立了配料组成、共聚物的组成及计算的竞聚率之间的关系，并对三元共聚竞聚率进行了分析。     

借助微机测算三元共聚体系的竞聚率及不同转化率下共聚物的组成

将单纯形调优法与数值积分法相结合，建立了Ａｌｆｒｅｙ－Ｇｏｌｄｆｉｎｇｅｒ微分方程的数学模型，编制了计算机通用程序。应用此程序可以直接根据三元共聚体系的起始组成、任一转化率下共聚物的组成而求出相应单体的竞聚率；反之，也可求算不同转化率下三元共聚体系共聚物的组成。同时，以苯乙烯、丙烯腈、β－溴代苯乙烯所组成的三元共聚体系为例，验证了此程序的有效性     

氯乙烯/N-取代马来酰亚胺共聚竞聚率及共聚物组成

研究了氯乙烯(VC)与多种N-取代马来酰亚胺的溶液共聚合,求得各对单体的竞聚率.结果表明,各种马来酰亚胺的竞聚率都远高于VC的竞聚率,即N-取代马来酰亚胺单体的活性均比VC单体活性高.计算得到N-取代马来酰亚胺Q和e值.由于苯环的共轭效应,N-苯基及N-取代苯基马来酰亚胺具有较大的Q值.各对单体的e值差别较大,表明有形成交替共聚物的倾向.此外,还考察了聚合过程中共聚物组成的变化,用递推法预测了这类体系共聚物瞬时和累积组成随转化率的变化.     

AN/St悬浮共聚体系中AN在水/油两相间分配及其对共聚物组成的影响

研究了丙烯腈/苯乙烯(AN/St)悬浮共聚体系中AN在水/油两相间的分配及其对AN/St共聚物组成的影响.结果表明,AN分配于水/油两相间,使油相AN的含量低于相同单体配料比的本体聚合,导致生成的AN/St共聚物组成偏离本体共聚.为了准确预测进而控制AN/St悬浮共聚物的组成,提出了在考虑AN相分配的基础上计算AN/St悬浮共聚物组成的模型.计算结果与实验值一致,计算中用到的油相实际竞聚率与本体聚合相同,但该悬浮聚合的表观竞聚率随水/油比的变化而发生较大改变.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯和联苯酯的基团转移共聚研究

研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）和甲基丙烯酸联苯酯（ＢＰＭＡ）的基团转移共聚．用１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＧＰＣ和ＤＳＣ等手段对共聚物进行了表征．测得两种单体在苯、四氢呋喃和乙腈中的竞聚率（３０℃）分别为γ１＝０５６±００３、０５２±００３、０４６±００３和γ２＝０７９±００３、０８１±００３、０８５±００３．得到了实测分子量和理论分子量相近，分散性较小的共聚物     

Electroinitiated copolymerization of indene and α-methylstyrene

Electroinitiated cationic copolymerization of indene and α-methylstyrene in dichloromethane has been investigated by constant potential electrolysis. The effects of copolymerization potential and the temperature on the copolymer composition was also studied. Constant potential electrolysis was found to be a suitable method to study the potential effects on copolymer compositions and the reactivity ratios of the monomers. The reactivity ratios were calculated according to integrated Lewis–Mayo equation.     

Estimation of monomer reactivity ratios by nonlinear least-squares procedure with consideration of the weight of experimental data

To obtain the optimum values of the monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization systems with largely different reactivities between both monomers, a nonlinear least-squares procedure which took into account the weights of experimental data, was proposed and discussed. The weights of the data were treated for the errors arisen from the amounts of monomers charged, the densities of monomers, the weights of copolymer formed, and the composition of copolymer. The least-squares procedure with the consideration of the weights was applicable to both differentiated equation and integrated equation derived by Lewis and Mayo. This procedure was applied to radical copolymerizations of α-substituted crotonic esters with styrene, and reasonable monomer reactivity ratios were obtained. It was noted that errors from the copolymer composition were more important than those from the other factors and that the use of the integrated equation was recommended even when the copolymers were isolated at low conversions.     

Estimation of Reactivity Ratios from Multicomponent Copolymerizations

Abstract

The composition of the copolymer formed from n monomers in addition polymerization can be expressed in terms of the monomer feed composition and n(n - 1) binary reactivity ratios, according to the familiar simple copolymer model. Reactivity ratios are determined experimentally from cor-responding feed and monomer compositions in binary co-polymerizations. This article reports methods for deriving such reactivity ratios directly from multicomponent polymerization data. Analytical solution of the multi-component copolymer equations is not feasible because of the limited number of experimental points and experimental uncertainty in the copolymer composition. Computer-assisted procedures have been developed to estimate re-activity rates by optimizing the fit of predicted and experimental copolymer compositions, given the monomer feed composition and preliminary values of the reactivity ratios. All n(n - 1) reactivity ratios are adjustable. The methods are demonstrated for styrene/methacrylonitrile/ a-methylstyrene, butadiene/styrene/2-methyl- 5-vinyl- pyridine and acrylonitrile/methyl methacrylate/& methylstyrene systems. Binary reactivity ratios predict ternary copolymer compositions generally well in these cues. Reasons are suggested why reactivity ratios from multicomponent experiments may not match the corresponding parameters from binary copolymerizations.