Constitutive and damage model for 63Sn37Pb solder under uniaxial and torsional cyclic loading

A constitutive model with Ohno–Wang kinematic hardening rule is developed and employed to simulate the isothermal cyclic behavior of Sn–Pb solder under uniaxial and torsional loading. An implicit constitutive integration scheme is presented for inelastic flow of solder. Then a modified low cycle fatigue life prediction model is put forward in which the sum of maximum shear strain range and normal strain range based on the critical plane concept is adopted to replace the uniaxial strain range used by Stolkarts et al. [Stolkarts, V., Keer, L.M., Fine, M.E., 1999. Damage evolution governed by microcrack nucleation with application to the fatigue of 63Sn–37Pb solder. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 47, 2451–2468]. Comparison of the experimental results and simulation verifies that the stress strain hysteresis loops and peak stress decline curve of solder can be reasonably modeled over a wide range of loading conditions with implement of damage coupled constitutive model, and the lifetime estimations of 63Sn37Pb solder based on the assumption of microcrack nucleation governed damage is effective to provide a conservative prediction.     

A viscoelastic damage model for polycrystalline ice,inspired by Weibull-distributed fiber bundle models. Part I: Constitutive models

We consider a constitutive model for polycrystalline ice, which contains delayed-elastic and viscous deformations, and a damage variable. The damage variable is coupled to the delayed-elastic deformation by a fiber bundle ansatz. We construct an isotropic theory, which can be calibrated with experimental data. Furthermore, we generalize the theory to a damage model in terms of rank-four tensors. This general model allows the evolution of anisotropic damage.     

A damage accumulation model for complex strain paths: Prediction of ductile failure in metals

The characterisation of strain path with respect to the directionality of defect formation is discussed. The criterion of non-monotonic strain path is used in the scalar and tensor models for damage accumulation and recovery. Comparable analysis of models and their verification has been obtained by simulation of crack initiation in a two-stage metal forming operation consisting of wire drawing followed by constrained upsetting.     

Fatigue damage model for bridge under traffic loading: application made to Tsing Ma Bridge

A fatigue damage model is developed to account for the damage accumulation process in bridges subjected to in-field traffic loading. Continuous damage mechanics (CDM) is applied to formulate damage kinetic constitutive equations. On-line strain gauge measurements are then made on the orthotropic steel deck structure of the Tsing Ma Bridge, an essential portion of the transport network for the Hong Kong airport. Fatigue life prediction analyses are then made. The results agree well with those obtained by the tests.