Inelastic neutron scattering study of lattice dynamics in α-ZnCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out to measure the phonon density of states in polycrystalline α-ZnCl₂ at Dhruva, Trombay. Lattice dynamical calculations, based on an interatomic potential model, are accomplished to study phonons associated with this otherwise extremely hygroscopic compound. Our calculated data are found to be well-compatible with the available measured ones.     

Ga-NMR study of the low-energy excitations in

We report the results of ⁶⁹Ga- and ⁷¹Ga-NMR measurements on NdGa₂ at temperatures between 0.1 and and in applied magnetic fields between zero and 74 kOe. NdGa₂ orders antiferromagnetically below and undergoes several metamagnetic transitions in external magnetic fields. In zero applied magnetic field and below the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation rate T1 ^-1 ( T ) shows a large linear-in-T term, about two orders of magnitude higher than for the reference compound LaGa₂. This strong enhancement confirms the presence of low-energy excitations in the antiferromagnetic phase of NdGa₂ as was previously indicated by specific heat data. Above , T1 ^-1 ( T ) is dominated by an exponential term, which we associate with excitations between the lowest energy levels of the f-electron system. The separation of these energy levels is determined by exchange, crystal-field and Zeeman interactions. Received 3 September 1998 and Received in final form 3 November 1998     

Direct evidence for the magnetic ordering of Nd ions in NdMn2Si2 and NdMn2Ge2 by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering

We have investigated the low energy nuclear spin excitations in NdMn₂Si₂ and NdMn₂Ge₂ by high resolution inelastic neutron scattering. Previous neutron diffraction investigations gave ambiguous results about Nd magnetic ordering at low temperatures. The present element-specific technique gave direct evidence for the magnetic ordering of Nd ions. We found considerable difference in the process of the Nd magnetic ordering at low temperature in NdMn₂Si₂ and NdMn₂Ge₂. Our results are consistent with those of magnetization and recent neutron diffraction measurements.     

Structure of water in mesoporous organosilica by calorimetry and inelastic neutron scattering

In this paper, we describe the preparation of mesoporous organosilica samples with hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic functionality inside the silica channel. We synthesized mesoporous organosilica of identical pore sizes based on two different organic surface functionality namely hydrophobic (based on octyltriethoxysilane OTES) and hydrophilic (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane ATES) and MCM-41 was used as a reference system. The structure of water/ice in those porous silica samples have been investigated over a range temperatures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). INS study revealed that water confined in hydrophobic mesoporous organosilica shows vibrational behavior strongly different than bulk water. It consists of two states: water with strong and weak hydrogen bonds (with ratio 1:2.65, respectively), compared to ice-Ih. The corresponding O-O distances in these water states are 2.67 and 2.87 ?, which strongly differ compared to ice-Ih (2.76 ?). INS spectra for water in hydrophilic mesoporous organosilica ATES show behavior similar to bulk water, but with greater degree of disorder.     

Effect of Nd concentration on the laser performance of a new laser crystal: Nd : NaY(WO4)2

We have measured the transmission and emission spectra of a new crystal, Nd : NaY(WO₄)₂ (Nd : NYW). Using a Ti : sapphire laser as the pump source, the laser performances of Nd : NYW crystals with different concentrations are compared for the first time. The Nd³⁺ concentrations used are 1, 2, 4 and 5 at%. Our investigation shows that 2 at% is the optimum concentration. When the incident pump power is 575 mW, the 1.06 μm output can reach 184 mW, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 32%. We believe that our work is significant for the further research and actual application of this promising laser crystal.     

Small-angle polarized neutron scattering study of spherical Fe16N2 nano-particles for magnetic recording tape

We have performed small-angle polarized neutron scattering experiments of spherical Fe₁₆N₂ nano-particles, which are potential candidate materials for high density magnetic recording tape. The results were analyzed based on a core-shell model, and we evaluated the magnetic structure of the particles. The correlation between the magnetic structure and magnetic stability of the particles were discussed in terms of high density recordings.     

Nd∶KY(WO4)2和Nd∶KG(WO4)2晶体吸收光谱性能分析

通过研究分析钨酸盐晶体Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂在室温下的吸收光谱，发现这2种晶体具有作为激光晶体的优良特性。根据Judd-Ofelt理论和测试所得的吸收光谱及数据，用VC++编程计算出晶体的谱线强度、振子强度、吸收截面等，拟合得Nd³⁺离子的3个晶场调节参数Ω_λ(λ=2，4，6)的值，并从理论上计算了自发跃迁几率、能级寿命、荧光分支比和积分发射截面。从计算得出的荧光分支比β可以看出，Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂(β_1060nm=0.4380)和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂(β_1060nm=0.4618)晶体荧光分支比都较大，计算了该晶体的X=Ω₄/Ω₆，并将其X值与其他晶体的X值加以比较，Nd∶KY(WO₄)₂和Nd∶KG(WO₄)₂均易于实现1.06μm激光输出，适合作为LD泵浦的钨酸盐晶体激光器。     

Effect of Nd~(3 ) Concentration on theLaser Performance of a New Laser Crystal: Nd: NaY(WO_4)_ 2

The transmission and emission spectra of a new crystal, Nd:NaY(WO4)2(Nd:NYW) have been measured. Using a Ti: Sapphire laser as the pump source, the laser performances of Nd: NYW crystals with different concentrations are compared for the first time. The Nd3 concentrations used are 1, 2, 4 and 5 at.-% . The experiments show that 2 at.-% is the optimum concentration. When the incident pump power is 575 mW, the 1. 06 μm output can reach 184 mW, corresponding to an optical to optical efficiency of 32 % . The experimental results show that the work is significant to the further research and praction application of this promising laser crystal.     

Small-angle neutron scattering studies of aqueous solutions of short-chain amphiphiles

We present small angle neutron scattering measurements on binary aqueous solutions of some short-chain amphiphiles (diols, triols, glycols and diglycols) at room temperature. The spectra were analysed in terms of the Teubner-Strey phenomenological formula which allows to obtain a measure for the amphiphilicity strength of each system (amphiphilicity factor f _a). In some systems, however, other models, valid for micellar solutions, give also a good representation of the spectra. As a result, we find that, independently of the type of hydrophilic group side (oxydrilic or oxirane), these systems cover the entire accessible amphiphilicity scale ( -1 < f _a < 1). Some disordered systems ( f _a > 1) presumably are able to form micelle-like aggregates. Received 12 June 2002 Published online: 16 April 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: giovanni.darrigo@uniroma1.it     

Small-angle neutron scattering study on the stability of oxide nanoparticles in long-term thermally aged 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened steel

A 9Cr-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel was thermally aged at 873 K for up to 5000 h. The size distribution and chemical composition of the dispersed oxide nanoparticles were analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering under a magnetic field. Combined with transmission electron microscopy, Vickers micro-hardness tests and electron backscattered diffraction measurements, all the results showed that the thermal treatment had little or no effect on the size distributions and volume fractions of the oxide nanoparticles in the ferromagnetic matrix, which suggested excellent thermal stability of the 9Cr-ODS steel.     

Magnetization and neutron scattering studies of the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in Er Y Co

Neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in the pseudobinary Laves-phase compound Er_0.57Y_0.43Co₂ and to determine the magnetic moments of the Er- and Co-subsystems. Our studies reveal that the onset of long-range magnetic order for both the localized 4 f (Er) and itinerant 3 d (Co) electron moments appears at about the same temperature at ambient pressure. The pressure effect on T_c is found to be negative and equal for both sublattices, namely T _c / p ∼ - 0.4 K/kbar. The values of the magnetic moments of the Er and the Co ions are found = 5.40±0.15μ _B /atom, = 0.50±0.07μ _B /atom and 5.35±0.15μ _B /atom, 0.37±0.09μ _B /atom, for p = 0 and 6 kbar, respectively. Our experimental results give evidence for short-range magnetic order formation at temperatures already above T_c and for a coexistence short- and long-range order below T_c down to 4 K. Received 20 December 2001 / Received in final form 12 June 2002 Published online 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: andrew.podlesnyak@psi.ch     

Coupled channel description of O+Nd scattering around the Coulomb barrier using a complex microscopic potential

Angular distributions of elastic scattering and inelastic scattering from 2⁺₁ state are measured for ¹⁶O+^142,144,146Nd systems at several energies in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier. The angular distributions are systematically analyzed in coupled channel framework. Renormalized double folded real optical and coupling potentials with DDM3Y interaction have been used in the calculation. Relevant nuclear densities needed to generate the potentials are derived from shell model wavefunctions. A truncated shell model calculation has been performed and the calculated energy levels are compared with the experimental ones. To simulate the absorption, a ‘hybrid’ approach is adopted. The contribution to the imaginary potential of couplings to the inelastic channels, other than the 2⁺₁ target excitation channel, is calculated in the Feshbach formalism. This calculated imaginary potential along with a short ranged volume Woods–Saxon potential to simulate the absorption in fusion channel reproduces the angular distributions for ¹⁶O+¹⁴⁶Nd quite well. But for ¹⁶O+^142,144Nd systems additional surface absorption is found to be necessary to fit the angular distribution data. The variations of this additional absorption term with incident energy and the mass of the target are explored.     

Liquid–gas critical phenomena under confinement: small-angle neutron scattering studies of CO2 in aerogel

Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a well-established technique for investigating the behavior of confined binary liquid solutions, as it can probe the correlation length and susceptibility in pores on length scales 1 – 100 nm. We applied SANS to explore the influence of confinement on critical behavior of an individual fluid carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a highly porous aerogel. The results demonstrate that quenched disorder induced by aerogel significantly depresses density fluctuations. Despite the negligible volume occupied by aerogel (< 4%), the macroscopic phase separation of confined CO₂ into coexisting liquid and gaseous phases is suppressed and below the critical temperature of the bulk fluid frozen methastable microdomains are formed. Experimental data show that critical adsorption is as important as the effect of confinement in defining the behavior of confined fluids.     

Hydrostatic pressure effect on Tc of new BiS2‐based Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 layered superconductors

We investigate the external hydrostatic pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature (T_c) of new layered superconductors Bi₄O₄S₃ and NdO_0.5F_0.5BiS₂. Though the T_c is found to have a moderate decrease from 4.8 K to 4.3 K (dT_c^onset/dP = –0.28 K/GPa) for Bi₄O₄S₃ superconductor, the same increases from 4.6 K to 5 K (dT_c^onset/dP = 0.44 K/GPa) up to 1.31 GPa followed by a sudden decrease from 5 K to 4.7 K up to 1.75 GPa for NdO_0.5F_0.5BiS₂ superconductor. The variation of T_c in these systems may be correlated to an increase or decrease of the charge carriers in the density of states under externally applied pressure. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Nd3+:Er3+:KY(WO4)2激光晶体的生长和光谱特性

采用熔盐法从K2 WO4助熔剂体系生长出尺寸为 4 5mm的Nd3 :Er3 :KY(WO4) 2 透明晶体。从晶体中切割出Ф3× 11 9mm的激光器件 ,测量了晶体的紫外 -近红外的吸收光谱 ,从吸收光谱图上可以看到 ,晶体存在着 974 88nm ;80 1 0 (798 12 ,80 3 95 )nm ;74 8 5 (75 3 5 ,74 3 4 9)nm ;6 5 3 6 1nm ;5 86 6 5nm ;5 18 6(5 4 5 0 3,5 2 1 32 ,4 89 35 )nm ;4 5 2 80nm ;4 0 7 81nm ;36 7 2 2 (377 2 4 ,36 6 4 ,35 8 0 2 )nm九个吸收峰带 ,对各个吸收峰带按照Er3 和Nd3 离子的能级跃迁进行了归属。同时采用Edinburgh InstrumentF92 0荧光光谱仪在室温下对晶体进行了荧光测试研究。研究结果表明 ,共掺Nd3 离子可以增强Er3 :KY(WO4) 2 对半导体激光器泵浦源 (80 0nm)的吸收。     

(Nd1－xErx)2Co15.5V1.5的结构转变与磁性

利用电弧熔炼制备了(Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5（x=0—1.0）化合物样品.通过x射线衍射分析和磁性测量研究了Er替代Nd2Co15.5V1.5中的Nd时对化合物结构和磁性的影响.研究结果表明，低Er含量（x<0.4），化合物为Th2Zn17型结构；高Er含量时(x>0.)，化合物转变为Th2Ni17结构；Er含量为x＝0.4和0.5时，两种结构共存.两种结构的晶胞参数a,c和晶胞体积V随着Er含量的增加都呈现递减的趋势.随着Er含量的增加，(Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5化合物的 关键词： (Nd1-xErx)2Co15.5V1.5 结构转变 磁性     

A polarised neutron study of magnetic moment density in Cu2MnAl

A polarised neutron study of the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy Cu₂Mn_0.863Al_1.057 has been made. It has been concluded that the magnetic moment density is primarily situated on the Mn ions. On assigning the Mn-moment value, the observed magnetic form factor is found to be in good agreement with the Mn²⁺ free ion form factor calculated by Watson and Freeman. A slight asphericity has been observed in the moment density. It is estimated that there are about 3% excess 3d-electrons in the Eg states compared to spherical distribution. There is evidence of a very small positive polarisation of the Cu atoms. No appreciable conduction electron polarisation is found.     

Incommensurate-commensurate magnetic phase transition in double tungstate Li2Co(WO4)2

Magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and neutron powder diffraction measurements have been performed on polycrystalline Li$_{2}$Co(WO$_{4}$)$_{2}$ samples. Under zero magnetic field, two successive magnetic transitions at $T_{\rm N1}\sim 9.4$ K and $T_{\rm N2}\sim 7.4$ K are observed. The magnetic ordering temperatures gradually decrease as the magnetic field increases. Neutron diffraction reveals that Li$_{2}$Co(WO$_{4}$)$_{2}$ enters an incommensurate magnetic state with a temperature dependent $\bm k$ between $T_{\rm N1}$ and $T_{\rm N2}$. The magnetic propagation vector locks-in to a commensurate value $\bm k = (1/2, 1/4, 1/4)$ below $T_{\rm N2}$. The antiferromagnetic structure is refined at 1.7 K with Co$^{2+}$ magnetic moment 2.8(1) $\mu_{\rm B}$, consistent with our first-principles calculations.     

ICP—AES法同时测定掺质钒酸钙晶体中的钙,钒,钕,镱,锗

本文采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法同时测定了掺质Ｃａ３（ＶＯ４）２，晶体中Ｃａ，Ｖ，Ｎｄ，Ｙｂ，Ｇｅ的含量，选择了合适的分析谱线和积分时间，试样用硝酸溶解后直接测定，方法简便，准确，快速，合成试样中各被测元素的回收率为９８％－１０４％，相对标准偏差〈４．０％，Ｎｄ，Ｙｂ，Ｇｅ的检出限为０．０００２－０．０１８μｇ／ｍＬ。