皂化残液化学需氧量的快速测定方法研究

以Na2CO3粉末处理皂化残液沉淀Ca2 可以消除CaSO4对光度法测定结果的干扰,催化剂NiSO4-CuSO4配比为80:20,通过正交设计法得到消化最佳实验条件为:消化温度175℃、浓硫酸用量30mL、催化剂用量0.2g、消化时间15min.本法测定的CODcr值与标准回流法所得结果一致,且本法比标准回流法省时.     

无银催化-密封恒温光度法快速测定化学需氧量

通过正交试验确定了密封恒温分光光度法测定化学需氧量的最佳条件：催化剂MnSO4—CuSO4配比为1：2，消解温度为165℃，消解时间为10min，消解用的H2SO4酸度为12mol／L等。本法测定的CODcr值与标准回流法所得结果一致。该法具有分析成本低，速度快的特点。     

臭氧紫外联合-分光光度法测定水中总氮

采用臭氧紫外联合-分光光度法测定水中总氮含量,对国标法中传统的氧化消解方法进行了改进。建立了一套臭氧紫外联合作用的装置,可以对含氮水样进行连续消解。通过实验确定出最佳消解条件,作出校准曲线,并进行精密度检验。与标准方法相比,本法具有无需添加化学试剂,可以在线连续氧化,快速,方便,精密度高等特点,可以应用于污水在线监测系统,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

3种消解方法在ICP-MS测定沉积物中4种重金属元素的应用

比较了王水回流、密闭容器消解及微波消解3种不同方法对海洋沉积物的消解效果,结果表明消解效果有较大差异:王水回流不能将样品消解完全,而密闭容器消解和微波消解基本能将样品消解完全,且微波消解效果更好,但对Cd元素测定王水回流消解效果较好;并建立了电感耦合等离子体-质谱测定沉积物中Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb等4种重金属元素的分析方法,各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9999-1.0000),检出限为2.4-9.7ng·g-1,利用该方法分析了标准物质MESS-3,测定值与参考值吻合较好,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.67％-5.58％,该方法的精密度和准确性良好.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定生物体中的Hg和As

建立氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定生物体中Hg和As的方法,在最佳的实验条件下,经过平板加热和微波消解样品多次实验比较,常压消解法和微波消解法对标准样品分析的结果均符合要求;其中常压消解法Hg、As的相对标准偏差分别为6.2％和4.0％;微波消解法Hg、As的相对标准偏差分别为4.6％和3.4％.两种方法都能满足海洋生物体中Hg和As含量的测定要求,具有分析速度快、操作简便、检验效率高等特点.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定海藻中的微量元素

利用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定了大连产5种海藻样品中Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn 4种微量元素的含量.对微波消解条件和原子吸收光谱测定的条件进行了优化.实验结果表明,微波消解法操作简便快速、样品消解完全,空白值低、环境污染小;火焰原子吸收光谱方法选择性好,准确度高,回收率为91%-105%.样品测定结果显示...     

碳化酸溶法消解原子吸收光谱法测定环烷酸盐中的钴

采用碳化酸溶法消解环烷酸盐 ,其特点是采用了硝酸 ,高氯酸消解试样 ,消解速度快 ,且不发生爆炸。用本法测定环烷酸盐中的钴 ,方法快速 ,准确 ,效果良好 ,RSD为 0 5 7%。     

微波消解-ICP-AES测定保鲜水果中硫含量

用硝酸-过氧化氢(4+2)混合溶液作为消解剂,微波消解法处理保鲜水果样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定所得样品溶液中硫的含量,选择182.0nm为测定硫的分析线,硫的检出限(3Sd)为0.065mg·L-1,样品测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)为1.90%用本法测定两个国家标准物质茶叶(GBW...     

ICP-AES测定铜精矿中的硫

试样经微波消解后,采用ICP-AES测定铜精矿中的硫含量.按本法所测铜精矿标准物质(GBW 07166)中硫含量,推荐值为33.8％士0.3％,6个平行样测定平均值为33.6％,测定结果的相对标准偏差RSD为0.318％.     

ICP-AES法测定动物脏器中的多种元素

本文提出应用ICP-AES同时测定动物脏器中多种无亲的方法。对样品的前处理方法进行了干灰化法、HNO3-HClO4烧杯消解及试管消解的对比选择试验,元素间光谱干扰采用干扰系数法校正。选用试管酸法消解,标准样品的对照试验,结果满意。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.