脉动流化床内球柱形颗粒流动行为研究

本文结合离散单元模型和计算流体力学方法对脉动流化床内气固流动特性进行数值模拟.结果表明,脉动气流的波形和振幅对球柱形颗粒的流动行为有明显的影响.方波脉动气流作用下的时均颗粒总平动和旋转动能最大,其次是正弦波脉动和三角波脉动,恒定气流下的最小.功率谱分析结果可以发现方波气流下主频幅度最大,其次是正弦波、三角波和恒定气流....     

在线透射光脉动颗粒检测仪

介绍了一种新颖的透射光脉动检测技术及基于该技术的颗粒检测仪的信号处理方法,并研制出了新型颗粒检测仪。理论分析表明,检测仪输出值R不受取样管管壁的粘污以及电子元件老化、漂移等不利因素的影响。利用该检测仪对新生态二氧化锰混凝过程进行了在线监测;对混凝剂的最优投量与检测值R的相关性进行了研究。研究结果表明,该检测仪可以在线连续检测水中颗粒尺寸的动态变化,能全面细致地反映混凝过程中絮凝颗粒的成长及破碎的全过程,是一种快速、精细的混凝试验研究工具,并可作为水厂混凝剂最优投量的监控设备。     

气相温度脉动对煤粉颗粒挥发分释放的影响

本文在不同的气相平均温度条件下,研究了气相温度脉动对不同粒径煤粉颗粒挥发分释放的影响。计算结果表明,与不考虑气相温度脉动相比,气相温度脉动加快了煤粉颗粒瞬时质量的下降即挥发分的释放。随着气相温度脉动强度的增加,这种加快颗粒瞬时质量下降即挥发分释放的趋势更为明显。     

二维喷动床颗粒流动的脉动特性实验研究

二维喷动床横截面为152 mm×15 mm,锥角为60°,喷口宽度为9 mm,实验物料为平均粒径2.0 mm的玻璃珠.床体的颗粒流动表现出整体的喷动周期性,属于不连贯喷动流型.本文基于PIV处理颗粒流动图像获得了颗粒流动的瞬时速度;基于功率谱密度分布对瞬时速度的分析结果表明,喷射区轴线的中下部颗粒存在较强的速度脉动,环隙区颗粒速度脉动较弱;研究发现喷动周期与床体压力脉动周期基本一致.     

不同空化条件下凝水泵内压力脉动特征

对一台凝水泵进行压力脉动实验研究。该凝水泵的叶轮由5长5短叶片组成,叶轮上下游分别设置导流栅和径向导叶。结果表明,该泵的临界汽蚀余量小于1m。低转速条件下,泵的总体压力脉动较高转速条件下低,但同流量下,泵的空化性能较高转速时差。随着泵进口压力的降低,叶频和1/2叶频对应的压力脉动幅值呈现下降趋势,并于空化临界点附近剧增。而小流量工况下,随着空化的发展,叶频被抑制,同时1/2叶频对应的压力脉动幅值呈现不规则变化。     

多级离心泵内叶轮出口压力脉动研究

为研究瞬态工况下离心泵叶轮出口处的压力脉动情况,为离心泵泄漏流道流动提供边界条件,建立了包含叶轮和导叶流道的离心泵模型,基于CFD方法计算得到了其在不同工况下的性能参数,利用测试数据对结果进行了验证。分析了瞬态工况下叶轮出口处压力的变化趋势,比较了不同工况对叶轮出口压力脉动的影响,发现叶轮出口压力随叶轮旋转呈周期性变化,压力脉动频率与转速及叶轮数量有关;偏工况时叶轮出口压力脉动趋势与额定工况基本一致,但脉动频率及脉动幅值有较大区别;随离心泵转速增加,叶轮出口处压力脉动的最大值和最小值均呈减小趋势,但幅值随转速增加而增加,且增幅明显。     

基于Gregory理论的光脉动法颗粒在线测量中背景光强的估算

用光脉动法在线测量颗粒浓度和粒度时,必须预知原始光强,但在在线测量中原始光强不仅难以测得,而且极易受环境影响产生变化。假设在短时间间隔内原始光强不发生变化,基于Gregory的光脉动法理论,可以得到颗粒数目浓度比。结合不同时刻浓度比以及透射光信号的标准偏差和均值,可以推导出原始透射背景光强。实验结果证明,该方法得到的原始透射背景光强和预先测得的原始透射背景光强吻合得很好,最大偏差小于1.1%。     

脉动流动强化换热的数值研究

对脉动流动强化凸块散热进行了数值研究,讨论了雷诺数Re,斯德鲁哈尔数St,脉动振幅A等参数对凸块散热性能和通道中压力损失的影响。数值结果表明,脉动流动加强了流体的扰动和掺混作用,增强了流体的传热能力,进而强化了凸块的散热。凸块散热的强化效果随着Re数和A的增大而增大,并且对于该模型存在最佳的St数。另外,通道中瞬时压力损失满足正弦规律变化,其周期平均的压力损失与稳态时差异不大。     

脉动热管实验研究

建立了铜管脉动热管实验台,进行了实验研究.分析了在水冷的条件下,充液率、工质、倾斜角等因素对脉动热管传热性能的影响,结果发现,热阻随着充液率的增加而增大;选用蒸馏水、无水乙醇以及丙酮为工质时,在相同条件下,丙酮热阻最低;不同倾斜角的实验中垂直底加热时脉动热管热阻最低.     

旋流泵无叶腔内盐析颗粒湍流脉动特性研究

盐析晶体颗粒脉动特性是研究湍流输运状态下盐析过程的重要问题之一.为探索泵内盐析晶体颗粒湍流脉动规律及其对液相流场的影响,采用相位多普勒粒子速度场仪对旋流式输送泵无叶腔内的盐析湍流流场进行了测量,通过对改变泵运行工况、运行介质温度后颗粒脉动速度分布情况的分析,初步掌握了无叶腔中盐析晶体颗粒的湍流脉动特性;同时,讨论了晶体颗粒存在对液相湍流结构的影响。实验结果表明,随着流量的增加,颗粒的周向、径向及轴向脉动速度相应提高;盐析颗粒脉动速度值随温度发生变化,较高温度时速度脉动也较大;在一定条件下,盐析晶体颗粒表现出抑制湍流的行为。     

筒仓效应观测仪的设计及其应用

设计并制作了观测静态颗粒物质筒仓效应的实验系统,应用该装置研究了筒仓效应的尺寸依赖性.实验结果表明:圆柱形容器中的颗粒物质对于容器底部的饱和压力依赖于容器直径的3次方,而改变填入颗粒的直径时则饱和压力并无明显改变.     

应力未饱和粮仓系统中器壁与颗粒的摩擦阻力

对于仓壁不固定的粮仓系统,其底部压力会随颗粒高度线性增加.由于没有Janssen应力饱和现象,其力学状态与通常粮仓系统显然不同.通过上拉和下压这种应力未饱和粮仓系统的仓壁,实验研究了不同顶部负载时颗粒介质与仓壁的最大静摩擦阻力.结果显示阻力随颗粒质量的增加在上拉时呈线性增长关系,但在下压时呈指数增长关系,下压阻力强度比上拉时大一个量级以上.此外阻力与顶部负载呈线性变化关系.这些测量很好地符合了基于应力转向比为常数的假设（即Janssen假设）下给出的连续力学理论计算,表明该假设对于此应力未饱和粮仓系统依然适用. 关键词： 颗粒物质 粮仓 静摩擦 应力转向比     

次Bjerknes力作用下气泡的体积振动和散射声场

利用Lagrange方程得到了次Bjerknes力作用下气泡的体积振动方程,并探讨了次Bjerknes力作用下不同参数对气泡体积振动振幅和振动初相位的影响,研究了振动初相位差为π和0的气泡对在液体中形成的散射声场特征.结果表明:次Bjerknes作用力下,相邻气泡半径、气泡间距、多方指数均能影响气泡的体积振动振幅,气泡对的均衡半径、气泡间距和驱动频率则对气泡振动初相位产生明显影响;相距很近、相位相差为π的两个气泡的散射声压与气泡体积振动振幅、气泡间距、驱动频率和振动初相位有关,随声场距离成反比减小,与声场位置有关,其平均散射声功率是单个孤立气泡的1/6(kd_(12))~2半径相同、相距很近、相位相同的两个6气泡的散射声压与气泡振动初相位、体积振动振幅、气泡间距、驱动频率有关,随声场距离成反比减小,其平均散射声功率是单个孤立气泡的4倍.     

Optical properties of ice particles in young contrails

The single-scattering properties of four types of ice crystals (pure ice crystals, ice crystals with an internal mixture of ice and black carbon, ice crystals coated with black carbon, and soot coated with ice) in young contrails are investigated at wavelengths 0.65 and 2.13 μm using Mie codes for coated spheres. The four types of ice crystals show differences in their single-scattering properties because of the embedded black carbon whose volume ratio is assumed to be 5%. The bulk-scattering properties of young contrails consisting of the four types of ice crystals are further investigated by averaging their single-scattering properties over a typical ice particle size distribution found in young contrails. The effect of the radiative properties of the four types of ice particles on the Stokes parameters I, Q, U, and V is also investigated for different viewing zenith angles and relative azimuth angles with a solar zenith angle of 30° using a vector radiative transfer model based on the adding-doubling technique. The Stokes parameters at a wavelength of 0.65 μm show pronounced differences for the four types of ice crystals, whereas the counterparts at a wavelength of 2.13 μm show similar variations with the viewing zenith angle and relative azimuth angle. However, the values of the results for the two wavelengths are noticeably different.     

Bubble translation driven by pulsation in a double-bubble system

The pulsation and translation of two cavitation bubbles are studied numerically in sound field. The results show that bubbles' pulsation driven by the sound makes them translate. Different pulsations lead to different translations. Two bubbles will be mutually attractive to each other if they pulsate in phase, while they will be repulsive if out of phase. Furthermore,the secondary Bjerknes force for small phase difference is attractive, and it becomes repulsive for other phase differences up to π phase difference due to the nonlinear effect, although the attractive strength between two bubbles is much larger than the repulsive strength. Finally, one bubble pulsation and the other bubble stationary make the bubbles repel each other.     

Optical properties of single mixed-phase aerosol particles

We examine the light scattering from wet aerosol particles whose core morphology is a random Gaussian sphere coated by different amounts of water. We compare the results with those calculated from a concentric-sphere particle and from a homogeneous-sphere particle whose refractive index is determined from the Bruggeman mixing rule. In nearly all cases the differences between those of the Gaussian-core and the concentric-sphere particles are small. The most significant differences are seen in calculations of the asymmetry parameters and the intensity and polarization phase functions. The results of the homogeneous-sphere particles vary significantly from those of the Gaussian-core particles, typically an order of magnitude greater than for the concentric-sphere particles. It is not uncommon to see differences of 10% in the efficiencies of large, homogeneous-sphere particles; whereas, in the intensity and polarization phase functions, differences of several tens of percent are not uncommon.     

Effect of nonlinear translations on the pulsation of cavitation bubbles

The pulsations and translations of cavitation bubbles obey combined ordinary differential equations, and their nonlinearities are studied by the bifurcation diagram and the phase diagram in a strong ultrasonic field. Bubble pulsation can change regularly or irregularly with changing driving pressure in the time domain. The bifurcation diagrams of the pulsation versus driving pressure show that the pulsations and translations of bubbles have nonlinear characteristics, and the nonlinear translations of bubbles can disorder the pulsations for certain parameters. Disorder of the pulsation can also be caused by nonlinear pulsation itself. In addition, the phase diagrams also show that the nonlinear translations make a large contribution to the pulsations. The same result can also be obtained when the ambient radii of two bubbles are different.     

四频差动激光陀螺中的粒子数脉动效应

为研究激光陀螺精细模耦合作用,考虑了增益介质中的粒子数脉动效应.从激光器物理原理出发,分析了粒子数脉动效应的产生机制,结合四频差动激光陀螺特点,得出粒子数脉动效应是一种精细模耦合效应,不同激光模式间的拍频使增益介质中粒子数布居差产生调制,进而对模耦合产生影响.数值计算了粒子数脉动在耦合效应中的大小.计算结果表明:粒子数脉动效应和其他耦合效应随腔频变化基本一致,在大多数腔频范围内数值较小,为其他耦合效应的4%以下;在某些腔频范围(如0.37＜ξ＜0.46,0.02＜ξ＜0.06,0.86＜ξ＜0.88)有较大数值,为其他耦合效应的80%以上,在激光陀螺的模耦合分析中不可忽略.     

超小金属粒子的热力学性质

超小金属粒子系综的热力学性质受到分离电子能级分布和能级关联的影响。在考虑能级统计后，数值计算了含有奇数或偶数个电子的超小金属粒子正则系综的电子比热和自旋磁化率，并讨论了其低温和高温特征。作为例子，本文数值纳米铝粒子的电子比热和自旋磁化率。     

Synthesis and optical properties of amorphous C-Si-O particles

Amorphous C-Si-O particles, prepared by pyrolyzing PDMS in a horizontal furnace using the carrier gas N₂/H₂ at 900 °C, were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The particles possess four luminescence peaks at 440, 465, 533 and 620 nm, and produce stable red, green or blue light emissions at room temperature when irradiated with appropriate wavelengths, the four peaks attribute to different defect centers in the particles. And the particles exhibit the highest photoluminescence intensity when annealed at 600 °C.