偏心类柱体的运动规律演示与分析

设计了偏心柱体的微摆动及其在圆弧面上的运动规律演示实验,得出了几何大小相同的不同材料偏心柱体的微摆动周期相同时,在同一圆弧面上的运动规律相同.理论分析结果与相关实验测量数据一致.     

摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪

针对现有的声多普勒效应实验装置中存在的问题,设计并制作了摆动式声多普勒效应实验仪.该仪器能够分别进行声源运动和观察者运动的声多普勒效应实验,且可定量分析频偏和测量速度.本文详细介绍了该仪器的原理、构造、特点和实验过程,并对实验结果进行了较为全面的分析.     

气液两相流中旋涡诱发方柱和正三角柱振动时的脉动升力研究

垂直上升矩形截面管内的气液两相流横向冲刷水平布置的柱体时,一定条件下会在柱体后部产生旋涡交替脱落现象,使柱体在与来流垂直的方向上受到脉动升力的作用。本文以截面分别是方形、正三角形的柱体为例,研究了这种带锐缘的柱体在气液两相流中受到的脉动升力,得出了涡街的Strouhal数和柱体的脉动升力系数C'L随Re数和来流含气率。的变化情况。实验结果表明：在本文的实验范围内,方形柱体和正三角柱体的Strouhal数不随Re数变化,而在一定的含气率范围内,随着含气率的增大而增大;C'L也不随Re数而变化,而随着来流含气率的增大相减小而后很快增大。     

扑翼尾迹中细丝的柔性对气动效能的影响

柔性对生物的运动起着至关重要的作用,例如鸟类的飞行和鱼类的游动.对柔性的研究有利于深刻地认识一些动物的运动机制和制造高效推进的仿生机器.文章在侧向自由弹性细丝的模型基础上,对不同柔性细丝的气动效能进行了研究.数值模拟结果表明,在Kárman涡街中,细丝的阻力系数随着其柔性减小而减小,细丝尾端的振幅随着其柔性减小而增大.结果还表明,在一定范围的Reynolds数下,减小细丝柔性,细丝由在涡核之间穿梭摆动运动模式变成在涡街外侧摆动运动模式,其尾涡的对称性也发生了明显的变化.      

利用智能手机研究平板小角摆动的周期

等长的双线悬挂的平板在水平方向的摆动是一个复杂的问题。本文首先从理论上研究了平板在水平方向的小角摆动属于简谐振动。其次，利用安装Phyphox软件的智能手机及其光传感器功能测量该平板的运动周期。并改变放置在平板中央的铁球的质量，测量该系统摆动周期的变化规律。并用origin绘制周期图，以此计算了平板摆动的周期。实验结果与理论结果符合得很好，这一研究对处理复杂系统的摆动问题提供了实验验证方法。     

纵向受迫振荡圆柱绕流问题的数值模拟

用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟.雷诺数选取Re=200、855、4000等几种亚临界雷诺数情况.通过研究不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数等随Re数、KC数、Stokes数的变化关系,验证了实验中观察到的一定条件下发生的"频率锁定"现象,并将涡脱落方式划分为三种主要模态.文中引入网格速度,对常用的处理速度与压力耦合的SIMPLE算法作了适当的补充和修改,以适应随时间变化的网格坐标.     

威尔伯福斯摆运动模式的研究

本文建立了威尔伯福斯摆上下振动与扭转摆动耦合共振的数学模型,并分析了其相关影响因素;通过搭建实验系统,用PASCO传感器观测其运动模式,基于控制变量法进行了探究.研究结果表明,摆上下振动和扭转摆动之间存在共振性的能量转化,摆锤的转动惯量会对其运动状态产生影响,且两种运动的耦合导致了“拍”现象的出现.     

绳系小球上升最高点速度参数的设置

在高中阶段学生所学习的曲线运动中,竖直面内的圆周运动比较典型、综合的运动,其运动过程存在较多变数和不确定性.绳系小球或者单轨光滑内侧的物体在竖直面内的圆周运动,是学习圆周运动知识过程中一个难点.其中的变数和不确定性是由设置竖直面内最低点的速度大小不同所决定的.不同的速度大小就会有不同的运动过程,比如是一般的摆动、完整的圆周运动还是圆周运动与斜上抛运动结合,求解最大高度时的方法大不相同.下面通过分析例题,总结求最大高度的方法,讨论不同难易度的题目应如何设置最低点的速度大小.     

利用磁力搅拌器探究磁悬浮现象

磁力搅拌器中的搅拌子在具有黏性的流体中随磁力搅拌器转速的改变能实现稳定上升和悬浮.本文利用动力学方程对磁悬浮现象中搅拌子的运动规律进行了理论分析,通过控制变量对影响稳定悬浮的参量进行了实验探究.实验和理论结果一致表明:流体黏度越大,搅拌子悬浮高度越低;随着磁力搅拌器驱动转速增大,搅拌子摆动角速度ω_w加强,转动角速度ω_s减弱,悬浮高度降低;较小的搅拌子更容易稳定在中心,直径小的烧杯容易提供初始的稳定态;当搅拌子初始距底高度z_b固定,驱动转速越大,或当驱动转速固定,搅拌子z_b高度越高,对应的摆动振幅都越小.     

衰减球面冲击波波阵面自模拟运动特性

指出衰减球面冲击波波阵面传播过程属于自模拟运动，提出衰减球面冲击波波阵面传播自模拟函数的概念，在此基础上推导出均匀介质中衰减球面冲击波波阵面自模拟传播公式.衰减球面冲击波波阵面自模拟传播公式与实验测试结果完全符合. 关键词： 自模拟运动 衰减球面冲击波     

A study on drag reduction of a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder at low Reynolds number

The flow field around a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder in a uniform flow is studied by using a particle image velocimetry to understand the mechanism of drag reduction and the corresponding suppression of vortex shedding in the cylinder wake at low Reynolds number. Experiments are conducted on the flow around the circular cylinder under rotational oscillation at forcing Strouhal number 1, rotational amplitude 2 and Reynolds number 2,000. It is found from the flow measurement by PIV that the width of the wake is narrowed and the velocity fluctuations are reduced by the rotational oscillation of the cylinder, which results in the drag reduction rate of 30%. The mechanism of drag reduction is studied by phase-averaged PIV measurement, which indicates the formation of periodic small-scale vortices from both sides of the cylinder. It is found from the cross-correlation measurement between the velocity fluctuations that the large-scale structure of vortex shedding is almost removed in the cylinder wake, when the small-scale vortices are generated at the unstable frequency of shear layer by the influence of rotational oscillation.     

Flow-structure interaction of an inverted flag in a water tunnel

Herein, the dynamics and flow fields of an inverted flag are studied using hydrogen bubble flow visualization and particle image velocimetry technologies at different height-to-length ratios and flow velocities in a water tunnel. Results show that the heightto-length ratio of the inverted flag at which the critical flow velocity remains nearly constant is approximately 1.4. Moreover, a nonperiodic flapping phenomenon is observed under various height-to-length ratios. This phenomenon may be attributed to the existence of multiple equilibrium solutions to the self-excited vibration system, thus engendering chaos in the system comprising an inverted flag and surrounding fluid. Other indications that the system has entered chaos include multiple frequencies, nonoverlapping phase diagram, and positive Lyapunov exponent. Further discussion of the flow fields around the inverted flag reveals that the large-amplitude oscillation is due to the flow separation, while the flapping instability is a static divergence instability. In the large flapping mode, the starting leading-edge vortex(LEV) is wrapped by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities,which are arranged at almost uniform spacing along a circular path. In addition, the variation in position, circulation, and radius of the starting LEV are discussed in detail.     

Flutter analysis of a flag of fractional viscoelastic material

We develop a two-dimensional model to study the effects of the material viscoelasticity on the dynamics of a flag in flow. Two periodic states of an elastic flag are firstly identified with different dimensionless bending stiffness: a lower frequency state and a higher frequency state. The Scott–Blair model and the fractional Kelvin–Voigt model are further used to represent the viscoelasticity of the flag material. When the Scott–Blair model is used, with the increase of the fractional derivative order α, the flag flapping frequency of the higher frequency state decreases abruptly, and that of the lower frequency state also shows a downward trend. When the system parameters are in a certain range, an interesting phenomenon is observed, where the time needed to achieve the periodic steady state initially increases and then decreases with increasing α. The phenomenon implies that the flag has a higher energy harvesting speed when α approaches 1. When the fractional Kelvin–Voigt model is used, the increasing α also causes the transition from the higher frequency state to the lower frequency state, and quasi-periodic states are observed during the transition. The fractional Kelvin–Voigt type viscoelasticity produces complex effects on the lower frequency state.     

Characterization of acoustic streaming in water and aluminum melt during ultrasonic irradiation

It is well known that ultrasonic cavitation causes a steady flow termed acoustic streaming. In the present study, the velocity of acoustic streaming in water and molten aluminum is measured. The method is based on the measurement of oscillation frequency of Karman vortices around a cylinder immersed into liquid. For the case of acoustic streaming in molten metal, such measurements were performed for the first time. Four types of experiments were conducted in the present study: (1) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement in a water bath to measure the acoustic streaming velocity visually, (2) frequency measurement of Karman vortices generated around a cylinder in water, and (3) in aluminum melt, and (4) cavitation intensity measurements in molten aluminum. Based on the measurement results (1) and (2), the Strouhal number for acoustic streaming was determined. Then, using the same Strouhal number and measuring oscillation frequency of Karman vortices in aluminum melt, the acoustic streaming velocity was measured. The velocity of acoustic streaming was found to be independent of amplitude of sonotrode tip oscillation both in water and aluminum melt. This can be explained by the effect of acoustic shielding and liquid density.     

纳米尺度绕流现象中流体分子运动行为研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究纳米尺度低Re数(Re=20)条件下,氩流体流过铂(FCC(100))金属圆柱的绕流现象.从流线和速度矢量分布两方面刻画涡的周期性产生、发展和脱落过程.结果显示,一个涡脱落周期大约为0.3 ns,斯特劳哈尔数St约为0.2;时均对称涡的长度是圆柱直径的1.4倍,涡径与圆柱直径相当.从速度场和密度场的角度刻画回流区,并进一步研究典型区域(圆柱中心线附近区域及下游邻近区域)的速度分布特性.     

Effect of korteweg stress in miscible liquid two-layer flow in a microfluidic device

Miscible liquid two-layer flow in a Y-shaped microfluidic device, which consists of microchannels with 120 μm in width and 35 μm in depth, is investigated by particle image velocimetry (PIV) to clarify the flow characteristics at fluid interfaces. The obtained velocities with a spatial resolution of 5.9 x 1.5 μm² around the interface between water and ethanol indicate an imbalance in shear stress at interface. The reason of the imbalance is to be the Korteweg stress generated by interfacial tension gradient due to a concentration gradient by diffusion in a miscible two-layer flow. The stress may cause an interfacial instability and destroy a uniform mixing in two flowing fluids in the case of large concentration gradient.     

Visualization of flapping wing of the drone beetle

Investigation of flapping wings of insect are focused on low Reynolds number effect and the unsteady aerodynamic properties. Interaction between flapping wing of insects and the air flow became one of important and fundamental research topics in micro air vehicle. The present work is aim to investigate the flow behavior of flapping wings of tethered scarab beetle. The generation mechanisms of velocity field and vortex formation are visualized with smoke-wire method. Tethered flight of the drone beetle shows the motion with elastic deformation of flapping wing. Measured flapping frequency is about 71 Hz and its frequency is higher than for dragonfly and butterfly. Beetle decreases negative lift by feathering motion in the upstroke process and increase positive lift by effect of wake capture in the downstroke process.     

Dynamics of a deformable body in a fast flowing soap film

We study the behavior of an elastic loop embedded in a flowing soap film. This deformable loop is wetted into the film and is held fixed at a single point against the oncoming flow. We interpret this system as a two-dimensional flexible body interacting in a two-dimensional flow. This coupled fluid-structure system shows bistability, with both stationary and oscillatory states. In its stationary state, the loop remains essentially motionless and its wake is a von Kármán vortex street. In its oscillatory state, the loop sheds two vortex dipoles, or more complicated vortical structures, within each oscillation period. We find that the oscillation frequency of the loop is linearly proportional to the flow velocity, and that the measured Strouhal numbers can be separated based on wake structure.     

基于POD方法开缝圆柱绕流流场的研究

利用粒子成像测速技术（particle image velocimetry,PIV）,在水槽中探究缝隙对圆柱流场结构的影响,应用频谱分析和本征正交分解（proper orthogonal decomposition,POD）方法,研究了开缝圆柱流场相干结构.实验Reynolds数范围内,缝隙的"吹吸"作用从根本上改变了圆柱绕流近区尾流结构,前6阶模态形态是流场中最主要的相干结构.第1,2阶模态形态控制着圆柱绕流流场涡街相继脱落过程,1或2阶模态系数为尾迹涡的固有频率;第3,4阶模态形态控制着脱落旋涡沿流向方向能量运输;第5,6阶模态形态中的同向涡旋结构作用于旋涡缓慢脱离柱体这一过程,并对旋涡能量起着衰减作用.      

Wake structure of a deformable Joukowski airfoil

We examine the vortical wake structure shed from a deformable Joukowski airfoil in an unbounded volume of inviscid and incompressible fluid. The deformable airfoil is considered to model a flapping fish. The vortex shedding is accounted for using an unsteady point vortex model commonly referred to as the Brown-Michael model. The airfoil’s deformations and rotations are prescribed in terms of a Jacobi elliptic function which exhibits, depending on a dimensionless parameter m, a range of periodic behaviors from sinusoidal to a more impulsive type flapping. Depending on the parameter m and the Strouhal number, one can identify five distinct wake structures, ranging from arrays of isolated point vortices to vortex dipoles and tripoles shed into the wake with every half-cycle of the airfoil flapping motion. We describe these regimes in the context of other published works which categorize wake topologies, and speculate on the importance of these wake structures in terms of periodic swimming and transient maneuvers of fish.