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熊家骋;黄哲群;张恒;王启祥;崔可航 《物理学报》2024,(14):136-150
热光伏器件是一种利用光伏效应将热源的热辐射转化为电能的器件.高效热光伏器件在电网规模的热能存储、全光谱太阳能转换、分布式联合发电、废热回收等方面有着广阔的应用前景.然而,大多数热辐射处于低能量波长范围,无法有效激发光伏电池半导体的电子跃迁从而产生电能.因此,对热辐射光谱发射的选择性调控是实现高效热光伏器件的关键.近年来,伴随着纳米光子学、材料科学与人工智能赋能科学的发展,热光伏器件中的光谱调控也取得了极大进展.本文首先回顾了热光伏器件的发展历史,继而围绕热光伏器件中热端和冷端的光谱调控,详细讨论了超结构选择性发射器、本征选择性发射器、光滤波器以及背表面反射器的热辐射光谱调控物理机制与调控手段,并梳理和总结了近场热光伏的相关研究,最后对热光伏器件的未来发展进行了展望. 相似文献
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采用化学浴沉积(CBD)法在FTO(SnO2∶F)/Glass衬底上制备了Cu掺杂的CdS薄膜.用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测得不同Cu掺杂浓度的薄膜中Cu/Cd原子比分别为0.5%、1.5%、5%.分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、光致发光谱(PL)、紫外-可见-近红外反射透射谱对薄膜样品进行表征.研究了Cu掺杂对CdS薄膜的晶体结构,微观形貌以及体内点缺陷的影响.用Cu掺杂的CdS薄膜作为N型层制备CdTe太阳能电池,研究了CdS层中Cu对电池性能的影响. 相似文献
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基于近场热辐射的热光伏器件是一种极具应用前景的热电转换器件.近场下由于倏逝波的隧穿作用,可以获得远超黑体辐射的热流及热电功率,此时辐射表面光子态密度是个关键因素.本文提出了一种具有高表面态密度的CaF2/W多层膜人工双曲介质作为辐射器,可以针对有限温度热源获得高效热电转化效果.采用禁带宽度为0.17eV的锑化铟p-n结作为接收端,在200 K温度差和50 nm近场间隙下,理论上计算获得了超过1 kW/m的高发电功率,热电转化效率在11%以上,显著高于热电材料的能量转换效率.与纯钨热源情形相比,双曲介质具有更高的倏逝波态密度,有助于显著增强辐射热流与能量利用率.进一步研究发现,当多层膜双曲介质厚度超过140 nm时,基底的影响已经可以忽略,这对器件的实际制作非常有益.相对于纳米线阵列或自然双曲介质,本文提出的多层膜结构在制作和带宽上具有明显优势,研究结果为近场热光伏的发展起到了促进作用. 相似文献
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《工程热物理学报》2021,42(5):1298-1305
近场辐射换热能够极大地提高热光伏和热辐射电池系统的输出电功率,因此研究近场热光伏和热辐射电池系统的转换效率具有重要意义。本文通过计算近场效应影响下的辐射热流和熵流,给出了近场热光伏和热辐射电池系统的最大理论转换效率,并与实际转换效率对比。结果发现在近场热光伏和热辐射电池系统中,纳米线、纳米孔两种微结构和双曲线材料相比平板和电介质,不仅有更强的辐射热流,而且有更高的理论效率。但是在实际过程中,由于近场热光伏和热辐射电池系统中光谱辐射热流的峰值频率小于电池能带间隙所对应的频率,所以其实际效率低于最大理论效率。本工作为近场热光伏和热辐射电池系统的转换效率提供了一个理论极限。 相似文献
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硒化锑(Sb2Se3)是一种二元单相化合物, 原料储量大、毒性低、价格便宜; 同时其禁带宽度合适(~1.15 eV), 吸光系数大(>105 cm-1), 长晶温度低, 非常适合制作新型低成本低毒的薄膜太阳能电池, 理论光电转换效率可达30%以上. 目前文献报道的Sb2Se3薄膜太阳能电池效率已达3.7%, 初步证明了Sb2Se3材料在薄膜太阳能电池应用方面的巨大潜力. 本文综述了近年来Sb2Se3太阳能电池的研究进展, 着重介绍了Sb2Se3的材料特性和薄膜制备及相关理论研究, 阐述了不同结构电池器件的研究进展, 并对其发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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薄膜生长速率对有机光伏器件性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用真空热蒸发镀膜的方法制备了酞菁铜(CuPc)和富勒烯(C60)构成的平面异质结结构光伏器件,并初步研究了CuPc薄膜生长速率对器件光伏性能的影响,我们发现以较大薄膜生长速率制备的器件表现出较大的短路电流和能量转换效率。X射线衍射和原子力显微镜观察的结果表明生长速率较大的CuPc薄膜结晶相含量较少,薄膜结构较均匀、致密、平整,这可能使得CuPc薄膜激子扩散和载流子迁移特性得到提高,也可能改善其与C60受主薄膜和ITO阳极的接触,并有利于载流子的分离和收集,从而表现出较好的光伏特性。 相似文献
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制备了ITO/MEH-PPV/Alq3/LiF/Al光伏(PV)器件. MEH-PPV和Alq3分别为电子受体和给体. 光谱响应曲线主要和Alq3的吸收光谱相匹配. 在功率为0.5 mW·cm2的紫外氙灯照射下电池的短路电流为2.4 μA·cm-2, 开路电压为2.6 V, Fill因子为0.71, 电池的能量转换效率达到0.9%. 在直流电的驱动下, 器件具有电致发光的特性并且发出明亮的桔红色光, 在15 V的直流电压驱动下, 最大亮度达到了1 000 cd·cm-2. 相似文献
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用Ti/sapphire飞秒激光系统产生的100fs、800nm激光对置于水中的CdS体相材料进行烧蚀,得到了水溶性CdS纳米粒子。这种纯物理过程保证了无污染的制备环境,从而保证了所合成材料的纯洁性。通过透射电子显微镜、紫外/可见/近红外吸收光谱、室温光致发光谱的方法对CdS量子点的形貌及其光学性质进行了表征。结果表明:利用飞秒激光烧蚀法所制备的CdS量子点可直接分散在水中而且具有粒径小、分布均匀的特点;同时具有较好的胶体稳定性,可在空气中稳定存放6个月以上。飞秒激光烧蚀法所制备的CdS量子点所具有的这些性质使其在生物标记领域引起极大的兴趣,而且也为纳米材料的制备提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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The initial growth stage of GaSb on GaAs(001) by low pressure metal–organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD)is investigated. The dependence of the nucleation on growth temperature, growth pressure, and vapor V/III ratio is studied by means of atomic force microscopy. The nucleation characteristics include the island density, size, and size uniformity distribution. The nucleation mechanism is discussed by the effects of growth temperature, growth pressure, and vapor V/III ratio on the density, size, and size uniformity of GaSb islands. With the growth temperature increasing from 500℃ to610℃ and the growth pressure increasing from 50 mbar to 1000 mbar(1 mbar = 105Pa), the island density first increases and then decreases; with the V/III ratio increasing from 0.5 to 3, the trend is contrary. 相似文献
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High quality above 3-μm mid-infrared InGaAsSb/AlGaInAsSb multiple-quantum well grown by molecular beam epitaxy
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The GaSb-based laser shows its superiority in the 3–4 μm wavelength range. However, for a quantum well(QW) laser structure of InGaAsSb/AlGaInAsSb multiple-quantum well(MQW) grown on GaSb, uniform content and high compressive strain in InGaAsSb/AlGaInAsSb are not easy to control. In this paper, the influences of the growth temperature and compressive strain on the photoluminescence(PL) property of a 3.0-μm InGaAsSb/AlGaInAsSb MQW sample are analyzed to optimize the growth parameters. Comparisons among the PL spectra of the samples indicate that the In0.485GaAs0.184Sb/Al0.3Ga0.45In0.25As0.22Sb0.78MQW with 1.72% compressive strain grown at 460 C posseses the optimum optical property. Moreover, the wavelength range of the MQW structure is extended to 3.83 μm by optimizing the parameters. 相似文献
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《Current Applied Physics》2020,20(12):1416-1423
Recently, spinel-type binary metal oxides have attracted enormous interest in energy storage devices. In supercapacitors improving energy density is still challenging task and the composite nanostructures are found to address this issue in some extent. Herein, a composite nanostructure based on ZnCo2O4/CdS was synthesized on nickel foam using hydrothermal and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. A hydrothermally synthesized ZnCo2O4 nanoflowers were coated by CdS nanoparticles by varying SILAR cycles and studied its electrochemical performance. The ZnCo2O4/CdS nanostructured electrode with optimized four SILAR cycles of CdS coating exhibited a high areal capacity, energy density and power density of 2658 mCcm−2, 517 μWhcm−2 and 17.5 mWcm−2 at 25 mA, which is higher than pristine ZnCo2O4. This work show ZnCo2O4/CdS nanostructure is a favorable electrode for supercapacitors. 相似文献
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Wurtzite CdS nanoribbons are prepared by using a simple thermal evaporation method. Electron microscopy shows that the ribbons are smooth in surface and uniform in size. Besides the intrinsic emission, the photoluminescence spectrum of a CdS nanoribbon shows a peak at about 580 nm, which may arise from the defect- and the trap- related transitions. The photoresponse of single CdS nanoribbons is researched. When these nanoribbons are exposed to a laser with a wavelength of 400 nm, their conductivity is enhanced greatly. The conductivity of CdS nanoribbons cannot be restored to a value without any illumination even at 5 minutes after the illumination. A model is proposed to explain this phenomenon, which may be due to a slow photoresponse induced by the trap. 相似文献
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Abstract The transition to the β tin structure has been observed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy for GaSb at 7.9 GPa. In the low pressure phase, the bulk modulus has been determined. In the high pressure phase, the results for the Ga-Sb and Ga-Ga distances are in good agreement with previous x-ray diffraction data. The pseudo Debye-Waller factor associated to the Ga-Sb distance is abnormally high, indicating that disorder exists for this bond. 相似文献
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<正>This paper reports that GaSb thin films have been co-deposited on soda-lime glass substrates.The GaSb thin film structural properties are characterized by Raman spectroscopy.The Sb-A1g/GaSb-TO ratio decreases rapidly with the increase of substrate temperature,which suggests a small amount of crystalline Sb in the GaSb thin film and suggests that Sb atoms in the thin film decrease.In Raman spectra,the transverse optical(TO) mode intensity is stronger than that of the longitudinal optical(LO) mode,which indicates that all the samples are disordered.The LO/TO intensity ratio increases with increasing substrate temperature which suggests the improved polycrystalline quality of the GaSb thin film.A downshift of the TO and LO frequencies of the polycrystalline GaSb thin film to single crystalline bulk GaSb Raman spectra is also observed.The uniaxial stress in GaSb thin film is calculated and the value is around 1.0 GPa.The uniaxial stress decreases with increasing substrate temperature.These results suggest that a higher substrate temperature is beneficial in relaxing the stress in GaSb thin film. 相似文献
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设计并研究了一种工作于2 μm波段的GaSb基亚波长高对比度光栅反射镜,其具有低折射率光栅层结构。通过严格耦合波理论优化结构,以最大限度地满足VCSEL腔面反射镜对反射率带宽的要求。反射镜对2 μm波段的TM模式具有优良的反射效率,带宽与设计波长之比达15%(反射率R>99%),在反射率R>99.9%的部分Δλ/λ0>9.5%,带宽中心波长为2.003 μm,与此同时TE模的反射率不超过70.20%。该反射镜结构中几个参数的制作容差较大,且厚度低于1.1 μm,有利于在垂直腔面发射半导体激光器上的单片集成。 相似文献