基于单层反射超表面的宽带圆极化高增益天线设计

基于Pancharatnam-Berry相位原理, 设计了一种宽带圆极化反射聚焦超表面并将其应用到提高天线增益中. 首先提出了一种变形十字超表面单元, 在11-16 GHz频带范围内能够实现高效同极化转换, 并基于该单元构建了宽带反射聚焦超表面. 仿真结果表明, 垂直入射的右旋圆极化平面波宽带聚焦效果明显. 然后利用单向阿基米德螺旋天线对超表面进行照射, 其辐射的球面波经超表面反射后得到了近平面波, 有效地提高了天线的增益. 最终对所设计的天线系统进行加工并测试, 结果表明系统的-1 dB增益带宽达到25% (12.5-16 GHz), 在该频带范围内峰值增益均高于19 dBc且轴比小于3 dB. 此外, 在12-15.5 GHz范围内天线口径效率均超过50%.     

基于开口椭圆环的高效超宽带极化旋转超表面

电磁波的极化态在信号传输和灵敏度测量中有非常重要的应用价值. 本文设计、仿真并实验验证了微波频段基于开口椭圆环谐振器的极化旋转超表面. 理论上, 将多阶表面等离子谐振和高阻抗表面相结合, 解释了多谐振点、高效率极化旋转的物理机理. 数值上, 通过对结构参数的仿真分析, 给出了运用开口椭圆环结构设计多频段、超宽带高效极化旋转超表面的方法. 所设计和制作的超表面能够在相对带宽104.5%的频率范围内实现大于85%的极化旋转效率. 这些工作将为极化操控超表面的设计和应用提供重要帮助.     

基于交叉极化旋转相位梯度超表面的宽带异常反射

设计实现了一种基于双圆弧形金属结构的宽带反射型极化旋转超表面, 在7.9–20.1 GHz的宽频带范围内交叉极化转换率达到99%, 通过改变其结构参数可实现在保持高效的交叉极化转换率的条件下对交叉极化反射相位的自由调控. 基于六种不同结构参数极化旋转超表面结构单元的空间排布设计实现了一维宽带相位梯度超表面, 在宽频带内, 实现了异常反射. 测试了其镜面交叉极化反射率, 与仿真结果基本一致. 仿真计算了x-极化波入射时的电磁场分布和异常反射角度, 与理论计算结果基本一致. 仿真与测试结果均表明这种相位梯度超表面在8.9–10 GHz 和10.0–18.1 GHz的两个宽带频率范围内可分别实现高效的表面波耦合和异常反射.     

一种复合型极化转换表面及其在天线辐射散射调控中的应用

透射型极化转换表面因其具有易于与天线共形的巨大应用优势,受到国内外学者的广泛关注.本文将极化栅结构与各向异性贴片结构相结合,设计并验证了一种复合型透射极化转换单元,将该极化转换单元组成透射超表面,可以同时实现极化选择和透射型线-圆极化变换两种功能.当电磁波极化方向垂直于极化栅延伸方向入射到复合型极化转换表面时,该极化转换表面可以在9.3—10.9 GHz实现透射型线-右旋圆极化转换,当电磁波极化方向平行于极化栅延伸方向入射时,可以实现同极化全反射.将该极化转换单元及其镜像单元棋盘排布后组成棋盘排布表面,以电磁表面覆层的形式应用于带宽为9.4—10.7 GHz的线极化源微带天线,利用圆极化的相反旋向对消特性,组成一款新颖的线极化天线.相比于源微带天线,在9.5—10.5 GHz该天线的线极化纯度得到提高,同时实现了天线的前向增益提高和带内雷达散射截面减缩,最大减缩量达39.2 dB.实验验证和仿真结果吻合较好,该设计在高增益、低散射天线设计和天线辐散射性能综合调控中具有重要的参考价值.     

圆极化波反射聚焦超表面

基于圆极化波入射条件下的高效同极化反射超表面实现了对圆极化反射波相位的自由调控, 设计了一维圆极化波反射聚焦超表面. 在中心频率f=16 GHz附近, 右旋圆极化平面波入射时, 反射波聚焦于焦距L=200 mm的实焦点; 左旋圆极化波入射时, 反射波近似聚焦于焦距L=-200 mm的虚焦点. 仿真计算得到聚焦波束的波束宽度、焦深. 结果表明, 这种圆极化反射聚焦超表面具有很好的聚焦效果, 同时具有长焦深和宽带特性.     

高极化纯度的超表面透镜设计与应用

针对超表面在透镜方面的应用,基于各向异性超表面单元设计了一款高极化纯度的聚焦超表面透镜,并探讨了其在高增益高极化纯度天线方面的应用.设计了一款具有极化滤波特性的各向异性超表面单元,单元对x极化波保持高透性的同时,对y极化波保持近乎为零的透射率.利用该型单元设计了焦距为30 mm、阵列大小为105 mm×105 mm、单元数为21×21的聚焦超表面透镜.根据光路可逆原理,焦点处发出的球面波被超表面透镜有效转化为平面波,从而达到提高天线增益的目标.实验中分别用不同极化形式的球面波照射聚焦超表面来研究超表面对不同极化波的控制特性.结果表明,x极化波照射时,超表面工作于透镜模式,球面波转化为平面波,天线增益大大提高;y极化波照射时,超表面类似于金属板,将入射波全部反射;x/y极化混合波照射时,天线增益大大提高,且极化隔离度高于25 dB,充分说明设计的聚焦超表面在提高x极化波增益的同时可高效滤除y极化波,达到了高增益高极化纯度的目标.     

线极化与圆极化波均可吸收的太赫兹超表面

利用VO₂嵌入超表面设计了一种实现不同频率,且线极化和圆极化两种模式入射下均产生高效率吸收的太赫兹超表面.当VO₂为绝缘态时,设计的超表面对圆极化波的旋向产生选择性吸收,在1.30 THz处对左旋圆极化波产生的吸收率大于95%,对右旋圆极化波不吸收,圆二色性为0.85.当VO₂为金属态时,在1.95 THz处,该超表面对TE线极化入射波吸收率达到98.5%.结果表明,在线极化和圆极化波入射下,所设计的超表面结构具有良好的广角吸收性能.由于它具有形态简单、易于加工等特点,在太赫兹波传感、成像和通信领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

具有极化选择特性的超材料频率选择表面的设计

基于超材料结构的设计理论,通过长金属线周期阵列和具有Lorentz谐振形式等效介电常数的金属短线的组合可频率选通特性.由不同周期排布和结构尺寸的长金属线和金属短线组合而成的频率选择表面具有不同频段的选通特性.文章提出了双层及单面两种具有极化选择特性的频率选择表面,两种结构均可实现对特定频段TE及TM波选通.具有极化选择特性的超材料频率选择表面的设计为极化滤波器以及极化波产生器的设计提供了借鉴. 关键词： 频率选择表面 超材料 极化选择     

一种宽带可重构反射型极化旋转表面

将超材料设计思想与微电机系统（micro-electro-mechanical system,MEMS）技术相结合,提出了一种宽带可重构反射型极化旋转表面.该结构由上层方形金属贴片、中间介质层、金属底板以及连接贴片与底板的金属通孔构成,通过在电流短路点处加载MEMS开关,使其具有电可调特性.仿真结果表明,当MEMS开关导通时,该结构能在7.78 GHz–14.10 GHz频带内将入射的线极化波转化为正交极化波并反射;当MEMS开关断开时,入射波则以同极化全反射.加工了实际的样品并进行了测试,结果与仿真符合较好.该结构具有结构简单易加工、器件个数少、工作频带宽、损耗低等优点,在电磁波动态调控中具有潜在应用价值.     

基于极化转换超表面的宽带低雷达散射截面缝隙天线阵

提出了一种利用极化转换超表面(PCM)来缩减雷达散射截面(RCS)并保持缝隙天线阵列辐射特性的新型天线,在不影响天线性能的情况下实现了天线的宽带RCS缩减。该PCM由45°倾斜的开槽矩形贴片周期排布构成,它被放置在缝隙阵列天线的上表面,起到RCS缩减的功能。分析了RCS缩减的特点和原理,仿真和实验结果表明,带有PCM的缝隙天线阵在x极化和y极化波冲击下,单站RCS缩减带宽为8.0～21.8 GHz。同时天线的辐射特性在阻抗带宽、增益和辐射模式等方面都能保持良好性能。     

Wide-band circular polarization-keeping reflection mediated by metasurface

In this paper,we show that circular polarization-keeping reflection can be achieved using reflective metasurfaces.The underlying physical mechanism of the polarization-keeping reflection is analyzed using a reflection matrix.A wideband circular polarization-keeping reflector is demonstrated using N-shaped resonators.Both the simulation and experiment results show that the polarization-keeping reflection can be achieved with a high efficiency larger than 98%over the frequency range from 9.2 GHz to 17.7 GHz for both incident left-and right-handed circularly polarized waves.Under oblique incidence,the bandwidth increases as the incident angle varies from 0°to 80°. Moreover,the co-polarization reflection is independent of the incident azimuth angles.     

Wideband switchable dual-functional terahertz polarization converter based on vanadium dioxide-assisted metasurface

The terahertz technology has attracted considerable attention because of its potential applications in various fields.However,the research of functional devices,including polarization converters,remains a major demand for practical applications.In this work,a reflective dual-functional terahertz metadevice is presented,which combines two different polarization conversions through using a switchable metasurface.Different functions can be achieved because of the insulator-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide(VO₂).At room temperature,the metadevice can be regarded as a linear-to-linear polarization convertor containing a gold circular split-ring resonator(CSRR),first polyimide(PI)spacer,continuous VO₂ film,second PI spacer,and gold substrate.The converter possesses a polarization conversion ratio higher than 0.9 and a bandwidth ratio of 81%in a range from 0.912 THz to 2.146 THz.When the temperature is above the insulator-to-metal transition temperature(approximately 68℃)and VO₂ becomes a metal,the metasurface transforms into a wideband linear-to-circular polarization converter composed of the gold CSRR,first PI layer,and continuous VO₂ film.The ellipticity is close to-1,while the axis ratio is lower than 3 dB in a range of 1.07 THz-1.67 THz.The metadevice also achieves a large angle tolerance and large manufacturing tolerance.     

Ultra-thin single-layer transparent geometrical phase gradient metasurface and its application to high-gain circularly-polarized lens antenna

A new method to design an ultra-thin high-gain circularly-polarized antenna system with high efficiency is proposed based on the geometrical phase gradient metasurface(GPGM).With an accuracy control of the transmission phase and also the high transmission amplitude,the GPGM is capable of manipulating an electromagnetic wave arbitrarily.A focusing transmission lens working at Ku band is well optimized with the F /D of 0.32.A good focusing effect is demonstrated clearly by theoretical calculation and electromagnetic simulation.For further application,an ultra-thin single-layer transmissive lens antenna based on the proposed focusing metasurface operating at 13 GHz is implemented and launched by an original patch antenna from the perspective of high integration,simple structure,and low cost.Numerical and experimental results coincide well,indicating the advantages of the antenna system,such as a high gain of 17.6 d B,the axis ratio better than 2 d B,a high aperture efficiency of 41%,and also a simple fabrication process based on the convenient print circuit board technology.The good performance of the proposed antenna indicates promising applications in portable communication systems.     

Ultra-wideband reflective polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface

In this paper, we propose an ultra-wideband reflective linear cross-polarization converter based on anisotropic metasurface. Its unit cell is composed of a square-shaped resonator with intersectant diagonal and metallic ground sheet separated by dielectric substrate. Simulated results show that the converter can generate resonances at four frequencies under normal incident electromagnetic(EM) wave, leading to the bandwidth expansion of cross-polarization reflection. For verification,the designed polarization converter is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results agree well with each other, showing that the fabricated converter can convert x- or y-polarized incident wave into its cross polarized wave in a frequency range from 7.57 GHz to 20.46 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 91.2%, and the polarization conversion efficiency is greater than 90%. The proposed polarization converter has a simple geometry but an ultra wideband compared with the published designs, and hence possesses potential applications in novel polarization-control devices.     

Ultra-broadband and high-efficiency polarization conversion metasurface with multiple plasmon resonance modes

In this paper, we present a novel metasurface design that achieves a high-efficiency ultra-broadband cross polarization conversion. The metasurface is composed of an array of unit resonators, each of which combines an H-shaped structure and two rectangular metallic patches. Different plasmon resonance modes are excited in unit resonators and allow the polarization states to be manipulated. The bandwidth of the cross polarization converter is 82% of the central frequency,covering the range from 15.7 GHz to 37.5 GHz. The conversion efficiency of the innovative new design is higher than 90%.At 14.43 GHz and 40.95 GHz, the linearly polarized incident wave is converted into a circularly polarized wave.     

基于双层介质的宽轴比波束微带天线

为了展宽微带天线的3 dB轴比波束宽度(ARBW),提出采用双层介质基板结构与单点同轴线馈电、引入切角微扰和半圆槽的方式,设计出一款小型化宽ARBW的圆极化微带天线。该天线的尺寸可用中心波长(0)表示为0.40800.40800.0360,工作频率可覆盖IEEE 802.16e(3.5 GHz)频段。利用基于有限元法的仿真软件(Ansoft HFSS15.0)对天线进行优化设计,获得天线3 dB ARBW为230~255,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2的带宽为290 MHz,峰值增益在3.5 GHz为4.11 dB。测试结果与仿真结果基本一致,表明采用该结构和设计方式可以展宽天线的ARBW。     

Broadband perfect polarization conversion metasurfaces

We propose a broadband perfect polarization conversion metasurface composed of copper sheet-backed asymmetric double spilt ring resonator(DSRR).The broadband perfect polarization convertibility results from metallic ground and multiple plasmon resonances of the DSRR.Physics of plasmon resonances are governed by the electric and magnetic resonances.Both the simulation and measured results show that the polarization conversion ratio(PCR)is higher than 99%for both x-and y-polarized normally incident EM waves and the fractional bandwidth is about 34.5%.The metasurface possesses the merits of high PCR and broad bandwidth,and thus has great application values in novel polarization-control devices.     

Transmission-type reconfigurable metasurface for linear-to-circular and linear-to-linear polarization conversions

We present a transmission-type polarization conversion metamaterial (PCM) whose functions can be dynamically switched among the linear-to-circular (LTC) and linear-to-linear (LTL) polarization conversions. The proposed PCM consists of a grating, a polarization conversion surface and a reconfigurable polarization selective surface incorporated with PIN diodes. By changing the states of diodes, the PCM can achieve the reconfigurable manipulations for incident waves. The Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonances excited by the PCM contribute to the polarization conversions, as is illustrated. Moreover, through establishing the F-P-like cavity model and analyzing the electric field components of the transmitted waves, the conditions for realizing LTC polarization conversion are revealed, which can guide the construction of PCM. The prototype of PCM is fabricated and measured, which can achieve LTC and LTL polarization conversions within 3.31-3.56 GHz and 2.76-4.24 GHz, respectively, the polarization conversion ratios of two functions are higher than 0.95. The measurement results are in agreement with the simulation data.