自旋轨道耦合Su-Schrieffer-Heeger原子链系统的电子输运特性

在Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH)原子链中,电子在胞内和胞间的跳跃依赖于其自旋时,即SSH原子链存在自旋轨道耦合作用时,存在不同缠绕数的非平庸拓扑边缘态.如何探测自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链不同缠绕数的边缘态是一个重要问题.本文在紧束缚近似下研究了自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链的非平庸拓扑边缘态性质及其零能附近的电子输运特性.研究发现四重和二重简并边缘态的缠绕数分别为2和1;并且仅当源极入射电子的自旋被极化(铁磁电极)时,自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链在零能附近的电子输运特性才能反映其边缘态的能谱特性.尤其是,随着自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链与左、右导线之间的耦合强度由弱到强改变,对于缠绕数为2的四重简并边缘态,入射电子在零能附近的透射峰数目将从4个变为0;而对于缠绕数为1的二重简并边缘态情形,其透射峰数目将从2个变为0.因此,在源极为铁磁电极的情形下,通过观察自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链在零能附近电子共振透射峰的数目随着其与左、右导线之间耦合强度的变化,来探测其不同缠绕数的边缘态.上述结果为基于电子输运特性探测自旋轨道耦合SSH原子链不同拓扑性质的边缘态提供了一种可选择的理论方案.     

一维铁磁/有机共轭聚合物的自旋极化研究

针对最近关于自旋注入有机体的实验研究，理论上计算了有机分子与磁性原子接触时的自旋极化现象.通过调节磁性原子的自旋劈裂强度，发现有机分子链内的自旋极化弱于金属链，但强于半导体链.同时还研究了有机分子链内自旋极化随电子-声子耦合强度的变化关系以及界面耦合的自旋相关效应. 关键词： 界面耦合 自旋极化 自旋劈裂     

Rashba效应对量子线中极化子激发态性质的影响

采用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法研究了Rashba效应对抛物量子线中强耦合束缚极化子激发态性质的影响,计算了束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和振动频率。讨论了这些量对约束强度、自旋轨道耦合强度和库伦束缚势的依赖关系。数值计算结果表明:束缚极化子的第一内部激发态能量、激发能量和振动频率都随约束强度的增加而增大;但第一激发态能量随库仑束缚势和自旋与轨道之间耦合强度的增加而减少,而激发能量和振动频率随库仑束缚势的增加而增大。     

电磁波辐照下量子线的电子自旋极化输运性质

理论上研究Rashba自旋-轨道相互作(SOI)量子线在外电磁波辐照下的电子自旋极化输运性质.在自由电子模型下利用散射矩阵方法,发现当Rashba SOI较弱时,自旋极化率与外电磁场频率和电子入射能量无关,而当Rashba SOI较强时,自旋极化率则强烈依赖于外场频率和电子入射能量,其物理根源是Rashba SOI使子带混合引起的.此外,当电子的入射能量增加到打开另一通道阈值时,电子的透射率出现一个反常的台阶结构,这来源于电子与光子的非弹性散射而使电子在子带间的跃迁. 关键词： 量子线 电磁波 自旋极化输运 散射矩阵     

自旋轨道耦合和电势共同调节的石墨烯中的自旋极化性质

近年来,石墨烯中电子的自旋相关输运引起了越来越多的关注.本论文应用转移矩阵的方法讨论了石墨烯中具有单个界面或者两个界面的结构中,受到自旋-轨道耦合作用和电势的共同影响下自旋相关的输运性质.对于单个界面结构,由于自旋-轨道耦合作用导致能级产生劈裂,在固定的入射能量下,电子在自旋-轨道耦合区域产生两种传播模式.在自旋-轨道耦合区域加了电势后,透射几率和模式临界角都会受到较大的影响.对于两个界面结构,粒子的透射几率不仅与入射角有关,还与自旋-轨道耦合区域的宽度和自旋进动长度有关,而电势对同自旋方向的传输几率以及自旋反转的几率都有影响,适当地选取系统的参数和电势的大小,可以控制出射的电子自旋方向,实验上可以用来设计自旋反转器或者或者自旋控制器.     

Rashba自旋-轨道耦合下二维双极化子的基态性质

在考虑Rashba自旋-轨道耦合效应下,基于Lee-Low-Pines变换,采用Pekar型变分法研究了量子点中双极化子的基态性质.数值结果表明,在电子-声子强耦合(耦合常数α6)条件下,量子点中形成稳定双极化子结构的条件(结合能E_b0)自然满足;双极化子的结合能E_b随量子点受限强度ω_0、介质的介电常数比η和电子-声子耦合强度α的增大而增加,随Rashba自旋-轨道耦合常数αR的增加表现为直线增加和减小两种截然相反的情形;Rashba效应使双极化子的基态能量分裂为E(↑↑),E(↓↓)和E(↑↓)三条能级,分别对应两电子的自旋取向为"向上"、"向下"和"反平行"三种情形;基态能量的绝对值|E|随η和α的增加而增大,随αR的增加表现为直线增加和减小两种截然相反的情形;在双极化子的基态能量E中,电子-声子耦合能所占据的比例明显大于Rashba自旋-轨道耦合能所占比例,但电子-声子耦合与Rashba自旋-轨道耦合间相互渗透、彼此影响显著.     

自旋轨道耦合量子点系统中的量子相干

研究了自旋轨道耦合量子点中的量子相干效应.运用输运电子的全计数统计方法计算系统的平均电流、散粒噪声和偏斜,发现体系存在自旋轨道耦合作用时,散粒噪声值随自旋轨道耦合常数的增加而减小.更重要的是,电流、噪声和偏斜随磁通周期性波动,并且波动周期不受自旋轨道耦合强度大小、自旋极化率以及动力学耦合不对称的影响.     

自旋-轨道耦合二分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的孤子解

在旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中,孤子态作为宏观量子效应的典型状态,可以通过自旋-轨道耦合进行调控,这使得对自旋-轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中孤子的研究成为近年来超冷原子领域研究的重要课题之一.本文研究了描述一维自旋-轨道耦合二分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体Gross-Pitaevskii方程的精确求解,利用直接假设及可积约化方法,给出了系统多种类型的孤子解,讨论了相应的孤子动力学以及自旋-轨道耦合效应对系统的量子磁化和自旋-极化态的影响.     

局域交换场和电场调控的锗烯纳米带自旋过滤效应

基于非平衡格林函数方法,理论研究了Z轴方向局域交换场和电场对锗烯纳米带中电子自旋极化输运性质的影响.结果表明对锗烯的边缘区域施加强度大于其2倍有效自旋轨道耦合强度的交换场,可使自旋向上和向下电子的能带在不同的能量区间产生带隙,从而实现对不同自旋取向电子的100%过滤.提出了一种利用电场辅助降低自旋过滤效应所需阈值交换场强度的方法.研究表明,同时对中心器件区域施加局域交换场和电场,可以在小于有效自旋轨道耦合的弱交换场强度下,在较大的能量窗口区域过滤自旋向上或向下的电子.增大局域交换场强度,自旋过滤效应所对应的能量区间显著增大.     

Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用影响下量子盘中强耦合磁极化子性质的研究

本文基于Lee-Low-Pines幺正变换法,采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应下量子盘中强耦合磁极化子的性质.结果表明,磁极化子的相互作用能Eint的取值随量子盘横向受限强度ω0、外磁场的回旋频率ωc、电子-LO声子耦合强度α和量子盘厚度L的变化均与磁极化子的状态性质密切相关;磁极化子的平均声子数N随ωc,ω0和α的增加而增大,随L的增加而振荡减小;在Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应影响下磁极化子的有效质量将劈裂为m*+,m*-两种,它们随ωc,ω0和α的增加而增大,随L的增加而振荡减小;在研究量子盘中磁极化子问题时,电子-LO声子耦合和Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用效应的影响不可忽略,但Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用和极化子效应对磁极化子的影响只有在电子运动的速率较慢时显著.     

Diffracted field distribution from a knife-edge truncated semi-Gaussian beam as an atomic （molecular） mirror

We investigate the diffraction characteristics of an incident Gaussian beam cut by a straight edge bounding a semi-infinite opaque plane using Kirchhoff scalar wave theory in the Fresnel limit, and propose a new and simple mirror scheme to reflect atoms by using the intensity gradient induced by a blue-detuned semi-Gaussian laser beam. The optical potential of the diffracted light of the knife-cut semi-Gaussian beam for $^{85}$Rb atom and its spontaneous emission probability are calculated and compared with the performance of the evanescent-wave mirror. Our study shows that the optical potential of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian beam is far higher than that of the evanescent light wave, and the maximum normal velocity of the incident atoms can be far greater than that of the evanescent light wave under the same parameters, so the blue-detuned semi-Gaussian beam, as a novel atomic mirror, can be used to efficiently reflect cold atoms with a normal velocity of greater than 1 m/s. However, the intensity gradient (force) of the diffracted light of the semi-Gaussian-beam is much smaller than that of the evanescent light wave, so its spontaneous emission probability is greater than that from the evanescent-wave when the normal velocity of incident atoms is greater.     

An electromagnetic mirror for neutral atoms

When light is totally reflected internally at a vacuum-dielectric interface, an atom in the thin transmitted evanescent wave experiences a radiation force. For light tuned above the transition frequency of a two-level atom, this force tends to repel the atom from the dielectric surface; and hence the internally illuminated surface acts as a mirror for slow neutral atoms. This paper presents the first analysis of this atomic reflection process and suggests that the effect can be used to trap slow atoms or to focus a slow atomic beam.     

Confinement and Zitterbewegung in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with a spatially localized Raman coupling

Artificial spin-orbit coupling has been successfully implemented in many atomic experiments by so-called Raman addressing, and various interesting phenomena have already been investigated in such spin-orbit-coupled atomic systems. In this paper, we study spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates addressed by spatially localized Raman lasers. The localized Raman coupling effectively generates a spatial inhomogeneous spin-orbit coupling. The ground states of this system are spatially confined into the localization region. We excite Zitterbewegung dynamics by an experimentally realizable quench. By making advantage of Zitterbewegung, we propose to implement an atomic device to control over atoms.     

Double and negative reflection of cold atoms in non-Abelian gauge potentials

Atom reflection is studied in the presence of a non-Abelian vector potential proportional to a spin-1/2 operator. The potential is produced by a relatively simple laser configuration for atoms with a tripod level scheme. We show that the atomic motion is described by two different dispersion branches with positive or negative chirality. As a consequence, atom reflection shows unusual features, since an incident wave may split into two reflected ones at a barrier, an ordinary specular reflection, and an additional nonspecular one. Remarkably, the latter wave can exhibit negative reflection and may become evanescent if the angle of incidence exceeds a critical value. These reflection properties are crucial for future designs in non-Abelian atom optics.     

冷原子穿越激光束的量子隧穿时间

原子通过激光冷却技术能够被制备在低温状态，这时冷原子云会展现出量子力学的波动性.研究了一束冷原子入射到一个蓝失谐的激光束上所表现出的量子力学隧穿效应.蓝失谐的激光束相对于冷原子而言等效于一个量子力学势垒.根据二能级模型，在理论上分析了具有内部结构的原子矢量物质波穿过激光束的量子力学反射与透射，特别是对原子穿越激光束所需的时间——量子隧穿时间进行了详细的研究.量子力学波动性使得冷原子穿越一个激光束时明显地展现出与经典粒子(热原子)不同的结果. 关键词： 冷原子 原子光学 量子隧穿     

Phase Time for the Tunneling of Ultracold V-Type Atoms Through a Mazer Cavity

We study the tunneling time of ultracold V-type atoms interacting a high quality microwave cavity. Here atomic coherence is introduced in the system by a strong driving field which couples the two lower states of the three-level atom. It is found that in the presence of coherence, mazer action or the scattering like nature of the interaction may be examined for extended energies of the incident cold atoms. Our results show that position and amplitudes of the peak values of the phase time(traversal time) may be very effectively controlled by the coherent driving field. Further, here we obtained superclassical values of the phase time corresponding to much higher values of the transmission amplitudes of the tunneling atoms which may be advantageous in the possible experimental realization of the superclassical tunneling time of the traversing cold atoms. In addition, we examine a mirror reflection type symmetry in the phase time curve for a judicious choice of the external driving field.     

光子扫描隧道显微镜球形样品二维近场强度分析

采用时域有限差分方法计算全内反射和光子扫描隧道显微镜系统。光子扫描隧道显微镜的基本工作原理是隐失波的产生和探测，当入射光在两种介质的分界面上发生全内反射，并在界面处产生非辐射的电磁波——隐失波时，采取对两界面入射光进行分别设置的方法即“三波法”设置入射激励元。分别计算一个球和两个球形样品的近场分布，并计算散射小球为探针，一个球为样品的扫描图像。结果表明：采用二维时域有限差分方法计算能较直观地显示样品表面的近场分布。表明时域有限差分方法在光子扫描隧道显微镜理论研究中具有很大潜力。     

Above-barrier reflection of cold atoms by resonant laser light within the Gross-Pitaevskii approximation

Above-barrier reflection of cold alkali atoms by resonant laser light was considered analytically within the Gross-Pitaevskii approximation. Correction for the reflection coefficient because of a weak nonlinearity of the stationary Schrödinger equation has been derived using multiscale analysis as a form of perturbation theory. The nonlinearity adds spatial harmonics to linear incident and reflecting waves. It was shown that the role of nonlinearity increases when the kinetic energy of an atom is nearly to the height of the potential barrier. Results are compared to the known numerical derivations for wave functions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with the step potential.     

Three-dimensional step discontinuities in planar waveguides: Angular-spectrum representation of guided wavefields and generalized matrix-operator formalism

For obliquely incident guided modes the light propagation in slab waveguides with step discontinuities can be described by means of an angular-spectrum representation of the electromagnetic fields together with a generalized matrix-operator formalism. By means of a discretization of the radiation and evanescent modes, the computation of the reflection and transmission coefficients can be reduced to the numerical solution of algebraic equations. The TE-TM coupling, which takes place for oblique incidence, and the different evanescent field effects are discussed in detail.     

两能级原子在激光衰波场中的共振反射

在共振情况下求解两能级原子在激光衰波场中的薛定谔方程，得到了基态原子反射率Ｒｇ、激发态原子反射率Ｒｅ以及原子总反射率Ｒｔ的解析表达式。然后通过数值计算，详细讨论了Ｒｇ、Ｒｅ，Ｒｔ与拉比频率，原子垂直于靶面方向运动的动能的依赖关系，得到一些有意义的结果。