共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
碲化铋禁带宽度非常窄而具有高电导率和塞贝克系数,同时具有低热导率,成为已知室温下优值系数最高的热电材料。已有研究表明,纳米薄膜和超晶格是进一步提高材料热电性能的可行途径。因此超快研究碲化铋纳米薄膜中载能子间的相互作用过程对开发高性能热电材料有重要意义。本文采用飞秒激光泵浦-探测技术,实验研究了沉积在硅基底上厚度为100 nm碲化铋薄膜中各载能粒子的相互作用过程。通过改变延迟时间步长,分别观察到价带电子被光子激发跃迁至导带,激发电子在导带内与声子的能量弛豫及导带电子与空穴复合跃迁至价带,并将能量传递给声子导致声子温度升高的过程。此外,还观察到热应力产生的声波,并据此得到了碲化铋薄膜中纵波声速为2649 m s-1。 相似文献
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本文叙述了在GaAs衬底上用有机金属气相外延(OMVPE)法生长单晶ZnSe薄膜的方法。研究了生长温度,硒锌比对外延膜光电性能的影响。发现生长温度在285℃可以得到表面光亮、结晶性好、低阻、高迁移率、深中心浓度低的外延层。以光泵浦作激发研究了OMVPE ZnSe薄膜的受激发射性质并测量其光学增益。利用ZnSe/GaAs的自然解理面形成的光反馈腔制成了激光器。该激光器的工作温度可以延续到150K。 相似文献
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采用原子力显微镜研究了磁控溅射多晶薄膜表面粗化行为对归一化沉积温度Ts/Tm(Ts是沉积温度,Tm是材料熔点)的依赖性与薄膜生长方式转变行为.随着Ts/Tm增加,薄膜表面粗糙度增加,而表征粗糙度随时间演化特征的生长指数β历经了先减小再增加的过程.β对Ts/Tm的依赖关系反映了薄膜生长方式的转变行为,即薄膜生长依次由随机生长方式向表面扩散驱动生长方式与异常标度行为生长方式转变.在低于体扩散控制薄膜生长的温度时,晶界扩散机理导致多晶薄膜的表面粗化的异常标度行为.
关键词:
多晶薄膜
表面粗化
温度
生长 相似文献
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电子元件的超微型化和高集成化,对金属互连线的导热性能提出极高的要求;同时,新型高性能光电材料的开发,又需要尽可能降低受光激发电子与声子之间的耦合。电子、声子的相互作用,对于能量转换与传递过程微观机理的研究至关重要。这些载能粒子的作用时间都在飞秒-皮秒量级,本文采用飞秒激光瞬态热反射方法,对铜薄膜中微观粒子作用过程进行了飞秒量级的实验研究。通过对实验系统精细调节,得到了理想的信号曲线,在此基础上测量了不同泵浦光功率下沉积在硅基底上厚度为60 nm铜薄膜的电子-声子耦合系数,测量结果为(11~12)×10~(16)W/(m~3K),和理论值14×10~(16)W/(m~3K)较为接近,并且不随泵浦光强发生变化。 相似文献
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超快电子衍射(UED)技术因其同时具有亚皮秒的时间分辨和亚毫埃的空间分辨能力,成为研究物质瞬态结构变化,特别是研究晶格材料超快动力学的有力工具.应用国内首台自行研制的UED系统,我们实时测量了超快激光脉冲激发下,20 nm金属Al多晶薄膜产生的相干声子和晶格热运动.实验结果显示,在晶格热运动加剧的同时,热应力的作用使晶格产生了相干振荡,并最终膨胀达到新的平衡位置.实验中测得的振荡周期以及晶格上升的温度与理论计算的结果符合较好,展示了UED技术在超快晶格动力学研究方面的广阔应用前景
关键词:
超快电子衍射
相干声子
晶格热运动 相似文献
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利用基于Pump-probe系统的超快时间分辨阴影图的方法,研究了空气中飞秒激光烧蚀单晶硅的动力学过程。实验采用脉宽为50 fs、平均能量密度约35 J/cm2的单脉冲激光烧蚀单晶硅,获取飞秒激光烧蚀单晶硅过程中等离子体和冲击波的形成和发展过程的时间分辨阴影图。实验结果表明:飞秒激光烧蚀单晶硅导致其表面物质喷发的过程是不连续的,分为明显的两次喷发过程。这表明飞秒激光与单晶硅作用的过程中,在不同的时间段可能由不同的机制主导,在前期可能是多光子电离为主,在后期可能是由多光子效应和雪崩效应共同作用。研究还发现,延迟时间较长时,冲击波形状发生畸变。 相似文献
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胆红素(Bilirubin, BR)是脊椎动物分解代谢血红素的最终产物之一,具有抗氧化和消炎等作用。体内保持正常含量的胆红素对人类的健康起着非常重要的作用,被认为有利于预防癌症、中风、糖尿病和心血管等疾病的发生[1-2]。然而胆红素过量则被认为是肝功能障碍的征兆,同时也是引起新生儿严重脑损伤的原因[3]。因此,对人体中胆红素含量的快速精准检测具有十分重要的应用价值。目前为止,用于检测血清样品中胆红素含量的方法主要有重氮法、过氧化物酶法、光纤传感检测法和荧光光谱法等[4]。其中,荧光光谱法具有检测迅速和操作简便的优势[5],吸引了越来越多研究人员的关注。但是,由于胆红素自身的荧光量子产率通常低至10-4量级[6],直接荧光测量难度很大,因此通常采用间接方式解决胆红素含量测量的难题。例如, Wabaidur等[7]通过胆红素猝灭Ru(bopy)2+3荧光的方式来测量胆红素的含量;Aparna等[8]通过胆红素猝灭铜纳米团簇荧光的方式来测量胆红素的含量;Iwatani等[9]通过UnaG蛋白结合胆红素增强荧光的方式来测量胆红素的含量。UnaG与胆红素具有极高的亲和力,且自身几乎不发射荧光,其与胆红素结合后,会将胆红素的荧光提高三个数量级[10],可以用作人体内的荧光传感器[11]。然而,由于蛋白的制备和保存的成本十分高昂,人们更希望使用有机小分子或无机分子对胆红素的荧光进行增强。例如,Yang等[12]发现Zn2+有助于显著增强胆红素的荧光,Kotal等[13]提出了将Zn2+用于胆红素代谢物(尿胆素原)含量测量的方法。为了研究Zn2+增强胆红素荧光的机理并用于胆红素含量的测量,研究首先使用了稳态荧光光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱表征了不同Zn2+浓度下胆红素的光学特性,并采用相对法测量了其量子产率。通过分析Zn2+-胆红素络合物在不同探测波长下的激发谱,提出了该络合物具有两个发光基团的设想。为了进一步验证关于发光基团的设想,使用了飞秒瞬态吸收光谱的手段研究分析了Zn2+-胆红素络合物的超快光动力学过程,分析结果与之前发表的对胆红素和Zn2+配位方式的结论有很好的吻合。根据瞬态吸收光谱和稳态荧光光谱的数据以及所提出的模型,得到了在有无Zn2+条件下胆红素的平均激发态寿命,进一步计算出了其辐射跃迁速率和非辐射跃迁速率的理论值。通过数据对比,得出了络合物相对单纯胆红素有更大的消光系数而具有更高的辐射跃迁速率的结论,同时发现胆红素与Zn2+的配位方式增加了胆红素以锥型交叉退激发态的效率。 相似文献
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V. N. Iodko V. P. Gribkovskii A. K. Belyaeva Yu. R. Suprun-Belevich Zh. A. Ket’ko 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1998,65(3):395-400
Radiative recombination is studied in ZnTe-based diodes produced on the basis of a p–n junction formed by laser doping of
crystals with an Al donor impurity. The luminescence spectra obtained in the case of excitation of the diodes by direct current
with a density of 3 A/cm2 and the photoluminescence spectra at 80 and 300 K are measured. A comparison of the photoluminescence spectra of the p-ZnTe
substrate and the electroluminescence spectra at 80 K suggests that radiative recombination in the diodes occurs in the Al-doped
region of the crystal. At 80 K in the electroluminescence spectra of the diodes, a band, unknown previously, with the position
of the energy maximum at 2.276 eV was observed. This band can be assigned to radiative transitions between the donor level
of the al atom and the valence band. For the first time, long-wave bands assigned to participation of deep, compensatory centers
were not found in radiative recombination of ZnTe-based diodes.
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 3, pp. 382–386, May–June, 1998. 相似文献
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采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了不同晶界对石墨烯拉伸力学特性及断裂行为的影响. 定义了表征晶界能量特性的新参量缺陷能, 并以此为基础分析了晶界结构的能量特性. 探讨了晶界对弹性模量和强度极限等的影响以及强度对晶界能量特性的依赖关系. 结果表明: 晶界能量特性可以间接反映晶界强度; 同时, 晶界中缺陷会使实际承载碳键数量小于名义承载碳键数, 从而在较大范围内影响弹性模量. 分析了不同晶界的断裂过程, 发现了裂纹扩展方向的强度依赖性: 低强度晶界主要是以碳键直接断裂为主要方式的沿晶断裂, 而高强度晶界通常是碳键直接断裂和Stone-Wales翻转过程交替进行下的穿晶断裂. 研究结果可为石墨烯器件的设计制造提供理论指导. 相似文献
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Christopher V. Gabel 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(6):391-411
Femtosecond lasers are emerging as a powerful tool in basic biological research. The high peak light intensity generated by a tightly focused, ultrashort, pulse of infrared laser light enables versatile submicron ablation deep within biological samples. Recent studies have begun to exploit these capabilities to conduct meticulous laser surgery experiments within single cells, as well as within intact organisms. This review will discuss the basic physical mechanisms behind femtosecond laser ablation in biological samples. It will then examine a series of prominent applications in biology and how they are opening new possibilities in a range of research fields. The interface between physics and biology has been exceptionally fruitful over recent years and femtosecond laser ablation is proving to be another prime example of this. 相似文献
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Review of ultrafast spectroscopy studies of valley carrier dynamics in two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides 下载免费PDF全文
The two-dimensional layered transition metal dichalcogenides provide new opportunities in future valley-based information processing and also provide an ideal platform to study excitonic effects. At the center of various device physics toward their possible electronic and optoelectronic applications is understanding the dynamical evolution of various manyparticle electronic states, especially exciton which dominates the optoelectronic response of TMDs, under the novel context of valley degree of freedom. Here, we provide a brief review of experimental advances in using helicity-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy, especially ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy, to study the dynamical evolution of valley-related many-particle electronic states in semiconducting monolayer transitional metal dichalcogenides. 相似文献
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Liu Wei-min Yan Yong-li Liu Kang-jun Xu Chun-he Qian Shi-xiong 《Frontiers of Physics in China》2006,1(3):283-294
In this paper, we introduce the photo-induced ultrafast dynamics taking place in the peripheral light harvesting antenna LH2
from purple bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides by using absorption, fluorescence emission and ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. Three kinds of LH2 samples, pH treated
LH2 (complete removal of B800 pigments), carotenoid mutated LH2 (GM 309) and electrochemical oxidation treated LH2 were used
in comparison with native LH2 to investigate the mechanism of photo-induced ultrafast energy transfer within the LH2 complex. 相似文献
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Three time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy methods (optical-pump/THz-probe spectroscopy,THzpump/THz-probe spectroscopy,and THz-pump/optical-probe spectroscopy) are reviewed.These are used to characterize ultrafast dynamics in photo-or THz-excited semiconductors,superconductors,nanomaterials,and other materials.In particular,the optical-pump/THz-probe spectroscopy is utilized to investigate carrier dynamics and the related intervalley scattering phenomena in semiconductors.The recent development of intense pulsed THz sources is expected to affect the research in nonlinear THz responses of various materials. 相似文献
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Ya-Chao Li 《中国物理 B》2022,31(6):67102-067102
The transient dynamics of anisotropic properties of GaAs was systematically studied by polarization-dependent ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption. Our findings revealed that the anisotropy of reflectivity was enhanced in both pump-induced and probe-induced processes, suggesting an extraordinary resonance absorption of photon-phonon coupling (PPC) with intrinsic anisotropic characteristic in carrier relaxation, regardless of the concrete crystallinity and orientation of GaAs sample. The results, delivering in-depth cognition about the polarization-dependent ultrafast carrier dynamics, also proved the paramount importance of interaction between polarized laser and semiconductor. 相似文献
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