缺陷形状对铝材料微喷射的影响

通过二维弹塑性流体力学欧拉程序MEPH,对包含不同形状不同角度缺陷铝材料的微射流现象进行数值模拟,并对其最大喷射速度以及喷射系数进行数值统计,得到不同形状、不同角度缺陷最大喷射速度及喷射系数的变化规律.并将计算结果与实验结果进行比较,基本吻合,能够反映试验规律.     

冲击波作用下微米尺度金属颗粒群的动力学行为

基于平面化爆驱动飞片高压加载技术和激光测速技术,研究了冲击波加载不同粒径锡颗粒群的微喷射行为以及在空气中的减速规律.实验结果表明,锡颗粒的最快喷射速度随粒径增大而显著增大.通过对微喷射形成过程的三维光滑粒子流体动力学方法数值模拟发现,大粒径锡颗粒之间存在较大的空隙结构,冲击波与空隙结构的相互作用诱导产生高速汇聚射流,空隙结构越大对应的喷射速度也越高.此外,通过研究不同粒径颗粒在复杂流场中的减速规律,进一步深化了对微喷射破碎后的颗粒尺度状态以及混合输运特性的认识.研究结果对于预测和分析冲击波加载微米颗粒群的微喷混合特性具有一定价值.     

不同加载速率下铝自由面微粒子喷射现象研究

 本文主要研究铝自由面微粒子喷射量随压力加载速率的关系，重点是对微射流机制的研究。用人工楔形槽作为自由面上的模拟几何缺陷，用斜波发生器技术改变加载速度，用石英传感器技术测量微粒子喷射量。研究结果表明：在楔形槽尺寸和峰值应力不变的条件下，微粒子喷射量及其最大喷射速度，均随加载速度（加载波阵面宽度的一种度量）的减小而减小；在压力加载条件不变时，发现微粒子喷射量有随几何缺陷体积的增加而增大的迹象。用HELP编码对本实验进行的二维数值模拟结果表明，在数值上与实测数据基本符合。     

SPH方法对金属表面微射流的数值模拟

 光滑粒子流体动力学（Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics）方法是一种无网格的拉氏计算方法,具有计算格式简单、易于计算大变形问题等优势。用二维SPH程序模拟了冲击加载下金属铝表面的沟槽状缺陷产生微射流的过程,得到了喷射物的总质量、最大速度和质量-速度曲线。还计算了相同深度、不同夹角的沟槽微射流,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算得到的喷射物总质量和最大速度与实验结果符合较好,SPH方法对于估算金属表面的微射流提供了一种有效的数值模拟手段。     

L-R两步欧拉方法在铝材料微喷射中的应用

应用三维弹塑性流体力学Lagrangian-Remapping两步欧拉计算方法对铝材料微喷射现象进行了数值模拟研究。计算了Asay实验中表面刻有相同深度、不同夹角沟槽的金属铝微喷射模型,计算得到的微喷物总质量、最大射流速度和实验结果均符合较好。进一步展开了对相同深度、更大夹角范围沟槽微喷射的数值模拟。分析认为喷射最大速度随沟槽角度的增大呈线性下降趋势。同时给出了喷射系数随沟槽角度的变化的拟合关系曲线,看到由于材料强度及沟槽角度变化后造成的波系关系变化的影响,随着沟槽角度增加,喷射系数曲线呈明显非线性发展。     

冲击压力及加载速率对沟槽微射流的影响

通过二维弹塑性流体力学欧拉程序MEPH,系统研究冲击压力及加载速率对沟槽微射流喷射量的影响.计算结果显示,微射流的喷射量随冲击压力的增大而增大,但喷射量对压力的变化并不敏感;计算结果和实验结果均表明,加载速率对沟槽微射流的喷射量有较大影响,随着加载速率的减小,微粒子喷射量大致按指数规律减少,所得数值计算结果得到实验验证.     

ASAY膜法测量微物质喷射总质量不确定度的初步实验研究

 采用在不锈钢样品上用油脂粘贴给定质量的铝粉作为模拟喷射体的方法,对ASAY膜法测量微物质喷射总质量的不确定度进行了初步实验检验。实验结果表明,对于mg/cm²量级的微物质喷射总质量,目前ASAY膜法测量的不确定度可以小于50%。     

冲击作用下金属表面微喷射的分子动力学模拟

利用二维分子动力学程序,结合类紧束缚杂化多体势,研究冲击载荷下金属表面包含沟槽型缺陷的微喷射动力学过程.在产生微喷射以后,结果表明材料内部传播着两种波系:反射稀疏波和二次加载压缩波,其中,反射稀疏波波面与沟槽形状相似,而二次压缩波波面随沟槽夹角的变化而变化;并形成了两个压强区:负压区和正压区,负压区的存在表明材料中可能产生微损伤.同时,统计结果表明微喷射体的速度随沟槽半角增加而增加的趋势,微喷射体的粒子数随沟槽半角增大而减少的趋势,当沟槽半角大于60°,微喷射效应消失.以上计算结果可以定性说明射流是沟槽型 关键词： 冲击波 沟槽型缺陷 微喷射 分子动力学     

冲击波加载速率对微射流影响的数值模拟

材料表面在发生熔化前，微射流可能是微喷射的主要物理机制之一。曾鉴荣等在纯铅的实验中发现，当靶板中出现三波结构（即弹性先驱波、相变波和塑性波）时，测得峰值压力为22GPa时纯铅样品的微喷射量比峰值压力为20GPa的单次冲击加载喷射量几乎减少了1／2。Asay在铝平面样品的微喷射实验中，也发现随着冲击波加载速率的减小（上升沿宽度增加），喷射量大致按指数规律减小。对于自由面上缺陷平均尺度为5lain的样品，在冲击加载变到35ns波阵面宽度的加载条件时，喷射量约降低了2个数量级。     

基于单孔洞近似的高纯铝部分层裂实验的数值模拟研究

基于单孔洞近似,对不同撞击速度下高纯铝的部分层裂实验进行了数值模拟研究,讨论了微孔洞长大对波传播的影响及其在自由面速度波剖面上的表现. 通过分析微孔洞周围的应力场变化,认识到实测自由面速度波剖面出现"回跳"特征并不能说明材料发生完全层裂,其直接原因是样品内部微孔洞长大所引起的局部卸载效应. 将计算得到的自由面速度波剖面和微孔洞相对体积与实验结果进行了对比分析,发现两者均符合很好,表明采用单孔洞增长来近似描述部分层裂样品中随机损伤发展及其对波传播的影响是可行的. 关键词： 层裂 孔洞增长 自由面速度波剖面 微孔洞相对体积     

Ejecta from periodic grooved Sn surface under unsupported shocks

Dynamic failure and ejection characteristics of a periodic grooved Sn surface under unsupported shock loading are studied using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. An "Eiffel Tower" spatial structure is observed, which is composed of high-speed jet tip, high-density jet slug, longitudinal tensile sparse zone, and complex broken zone between grooves. It is very different from the spike-bubble structure under supported shocks, and has been validated by detonation loading experiments. In comparison with that under supported shocks at the same peak pressure, the high-speed ejecta decreases obviously, whereas the truncated location of ejecta moves towards the interior of the sample and the total mass of ejecta increases due to the vast existence of low-speed broken materials. The shock wave profile determines mainly the total ejection amount, while the variation of V-groove angle will significantly alter the distribution of middle-and high-speed ejecta, and the maximum ejecta velocity has a linear correlation with the groove angle.     

熔化状态下金属样品表面的微喷射问题

熔化状态下金属样品表面微喷物质的时空演化规律是目前国内外研究关注的热点问题,不过,由于压电石英计等传统诊断技术能力的限制,导致目前对该问题的认识仍存在明显不足.本文采用作者前期发展的大量程Asay-F窗技术,结合传统压电石英计,通过将其布置在距受载Sn样品自由面不同高度位置处的方法,系统研究了熔化Sn样品表面微喷物质的运动演化规律,给出了特定时刻微喷物质的密度-空间分布图像.本文研究结果从实验上确认了微喷物质时空演化过程中的"自相似膨胀"规律,成功避免了传统压电石英计由于测量量程偏低导致其获取物理认识不够全面的问题,为认识动载下金属材料的微喷运动演化规律提供了重要实验支撑.     

Influence of shockwave profile on ejecta from shocked Pb surface:Atomistic calculations

We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of the ejection process from a grooved Pb surface subjected to supported and unsupported shock waves with various shock-breakout pressures(PSB) inducing a solid–liquid phase transition upon shock or release. It is found that the total ejecta mass changing with PSBunder a supported shock reveals a similar trend with that under an unsupported shock and the former is always less than the latter at the same PSB. The origin of such a discrepancy could be unraveled that for an unsupported shock, a larger velocity difference between the jet tip and its bottom at an early stage of jet formation results in more serious damage, and therefore a greater amount of ejected particles are produced. The cumulative areal density distributions also display the discrepancy. In addition, we discuss the difference of these simulated results compared to the experimental findings.     

纳米沟槽表面黏着接触过程的分子动力学模拟研究

采用大规模分子动力学方法研究了刚性球型探头与具有不同纳米沟槽基体表面的黏着接触过程,探讨了表面沟槽结构对载荷-位移曲线、接触引力和拉离力以及材料转移的影响规律.研究结果表明:在相同的压入深度下,与原子级光滑表面的黏着接触过程相比,刚性探头与具有纳米沟槽结构基体表面的接触压力较小,接触加载过程中的引力作用范围较大,并伴随载荷的多次跳跃,且接触引力和拉离力均有减小;当沟槽深度相同时,随着沟槽宽度的增大,接触引力和拉离力逐渐减小,当沟槽宽度逐渐接近探头与光滑表面的接触直径时,接触引力和拉离力又逐渐增大,趋于接近探头与光滑表面的接触过程;当沟槽宽度相同时,随着沟槽深度的增大,接触引力相对减小,拉离力变化不大.     

Photon Doppler Velocimetry and Simulation of Ejection of Particles from the Surface of Shock-Loaded Samples

The results of photon Doppler velocimetry of ejecta from shock-loaded metal samples are reported. The experiments have been performed with tin and lead samples of a given thickness and a given surface roughness. The direct numerical simulation of the process of mass ejection from the surface of shock-loaded samples is performed for conditions close to experimental by the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. The areal density and initial velocity distribution of the volume density of ejecta are determined. Using these results, we calculate the time dependence of the profile of the volume density at the expansion of the formed dust cloud to air. Applying an approach based on the transport equation for the correlation function of the scattered field, the main parameters of the velocity distribution of ejecta, areal density of ejecta, etc. are reconstructed from spectral photon Doppler velocimetry data. The experimentally observed temporal dynamics of spectra, which is caused by the drag of dust in air, is described at an appropriately chosen size dispersion of dust particles. The masses of ejecta reconstructed from experimental data are in agreement with the smoothed particle hydrodynamics results.     

Molecular dynamics simulations of jet breakup and ejecta production from a grooved Cu surface under shock loading

Large-scale non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed to explore the jet breakup and ejecta production of single crystal Cu with a triangular grooved surface defect under shock loading. The morphology of the jet breakup and ejecta formation is obtained where the ejecta clusters remain spherical after a long simulation time. The effects of shock strength as well as groove size on the steady size distribution of ejecta clusters are investigated. It is shown that the size distribution of ejecta exhibits a scaling power law independent of the simulated shock strengths and groove sizes. This distribution, which has been observed in many fragmentation processes, can be well described by percolation theory.     

Systematic study on visible light collimation by nanostructured slits in the metal surface

We present a systematic experimental investigation on visible light collimation by a nanostructured slit flanked with a pair of periodic array of grooves in gold thin film. A wide variety of aspects are considered, such as the polarization state, the transport path of incident light, the groove--groove spacing, the groove width and depth. Our results clearly show that the relationship between the collimation wavelength and the periodicity of the slit-groove structure accords well with the surface plasmon dispersion model proposed by previous researchers. Furthermore, the surface plasmon wave phase retardation effect induced by the surface structure is also verified via the measurement for samples with different groove widths and depths. These results indicate that the detailed geometry of the groove structure has obvious impacts on the collimation effect and the angular distribution of the diffraction light in the subwavelength plasmonic system.     

聚二甲基硅氧烷润湿各向异性薄膜

利用模板技术制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷光盘沟槽微结构薄膜,采用电子显微镜对材料进行表征并对薄膜的润湿性各向异性进行了研究.结果表明:刻录可以使光盘沟槽加深,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷复制的薄膜表面具有与光盘基本一致的表面微结构,但沟槽深度比原光盘有所降低.平行沟槽方向的接触角大于与垂直沟槽方向的接触角,具有明显的润湿各向异性.     

Influence of V-shaped plasmonic nanostructures on beam propagation

The influence of V-shaped plasmonic nanostructures caused by focused ion beam milling on transmission properties are addressed in this paper. In order to evaluate the influence, a finite-difference and time-domain numerical method is employed for simulation of the plasmonic structures flanked with the corrugations with equal groove depth at the exit side of a metal film which is coated on a quartz substrate. Our simulation results have shown that a V-shaped subwavelength central slit/aperture is helpful for beam shaping. It plays a positive and dominant role in transmissivity. However, the V-shaped grooves cause a red shift of the peak wavelength and a broadening of the cut-off wavelength. This leads to the beam diverging in the region of the far field. In the case of the existence of both the V-shaped central slit and the V-shaped grooves, the influence of the grooves is less compared to that of the central slit, and can be ignored theoretically. PACS 02.60.Cb; 02.70.Bf; 07.79.Fc; 42.25.Bs