爆轰波对碰驱动下平面铅飞层对碰区动载行为实验研究

 采用高速光学照相和脉冲X光照相技术,对滑移爆轰波对碰驱动下平面铅飞层对碰区的动载行为进行了实验研究。实验结果显示,在爆轰波对碰区铅飞层出现了类似射流状超前凸起的现象,对碰区凸起呈现出速度和密度有明显差别的多层分区结构。凸起头部速度较高,运动过程中因自身的速度梯度及与周围空气的相互作用,呈现出明显的散碎、雾化特征,体密度远低于初始密度。凸起根部速度相对较低、密度较高,但随时间的推移仍迅速转变为非密实状态。对碰爆轰波的波剖面结构,以及材料的强度和冲击熔化可能是主导对碰区动载行为的主要因素。     

对碰爆轰波驱动下几种金属平面飞层的动载行为

两相向传播的滑移爆轰波相互碰撞时，被其驱动的飞层内会产生急剧升高的压力和剪切流变。这种加载条件与被驱动飞层材料动载性能耦合，可能在飞层相应局域引发特殊的表面喷射、变形失稳、断裂等动载行为。本课题选择铅和无氧铜作为研究对象，采用光学分幅和脉冲X光照相技术，对Pb和Cu平面飞层在爆轰波对碰驱动下的动载行为进行观测，对相关物理机制进行分析。     

爆轰波对碰加载下平面Sn材料动力学行为实验研究北大核心CSCD

基于简易平面对碰加载实验装置,采用DPS测速和传统X光联合诊断技术,实验研究了Sn样品对碰区的动力学行为,给出了包含对碰区主体破碎物质的密度-空间分布数据和样品前表面微喷物质速度、分布宽度的关键信息的总体物理图像。该研究结果为后续爆轰波对碰加载下材料动力学行为实验中诊断技术的选择和解读,以及相关物理规律的认识提供了重要的实验依据。     

应用SPH方法对平板铅飞层对碰凸起动载行为的数值模拟研究

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法,模拟研究了两点起爆圆柱炸药驱动组合飞层(铝+铅)的动载行为,得到了爆轰波对碰区铅飞层类似射流状超前凸起的计算图像。模拟结果表明,对碰凸起呈现与实验结果相同的分层结构,且凸起头部具有散碎特征,根部相对密实。因此,SPH方法能够较好地模拟铅这类低熔点、低强度金属在对碰区中出现的散碎等破坏现象。     

爆轰驱动金属飞层对碰凸起和微射流形成的数值模拟研究

本文对柱面两极点起爆情况下滑移爆轰波驱动两层金属飞层对碰凸起和微射流形成进行了模拟研究. 铅飞层内界面走时计算结果与实验结果能够较好符合. 在两极位置铅飞层内部出现断裂并形成空腔, 内壁面则形成鼓包型凸起; 在赤道位置飞层内壁面凸起后断裂产生大尺度金属颗粒, 其和微喷射形成的小尺度颗粒叠加构成了对碰区凸起现象. 在铅飞层内表面微喷射现象的研究中发现, 两极附近的微喷物质最大速度逐渐下降, 而对碰区附近的微喷颗粒最大速度反而随时间逐渐增高. 之后, 通过设计沟槽型微喷计算模型, 验证了在两极和赤道上铅飞层内表面产生的初始微喷射最大速度能够由同一均匀缺陷表面所产生. 最后, 通过数值模拟分析研究初步给出了该问题中抑制金属飞层对碰凸起和微喷现象的方法.     

爆轰波对碰驱动平面组合飞片的数值模拟

采用SG(Steinberg-Guinan)强度模型描述组合飞片(铅和铝)的动力学响应行为,对两侧对称点起爆圆柱炸药、爆轰波对碰驱动组合飞片实验模型进行了数值模拟计算。得到了爆轰波对碰驱动组合飞片的计算图像,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,明确了SG强度模型对描述爆轰波对碰驱动下组合飞片的适用性,为高应变率条件下材料强度模型的适应性研究奠定基础,同时也为更好地理解材料在高应变率条件下的本构关系以及材料在对碰区的动力学行为提供参考。     

爆轰波对碰加载下平面Sn材料动力学行为实验研究

基于简易平面对碰加载实验装置,采用DPS测速和传统X光联合诊断技术,实验研究了Sn样品对碰区的动力学行为,给出了包含对碰区主体破碎物质的密度-空间分布数据和样品前表面微喷物质速度、分布宽度的关键信息的总体物理图像。该研究结果为后续爆轰波对碰加载下材料动力学行为实验中诊断技术的选择和解读,以及相关物理规律的认识提供了重要的实验依据。     

材料特性对爆轰驱动飞层对碰凸起影响的数值模拟

应用多介质弹塑性L-R两步欧拉计算方法,对炸药两端起爆情况下柱面爆轰驱动飞层对碰凸起现象进行了数值模拟。在飞层为铅材料情况下,给出了铅飞层熔化区域及断裂图像,将对碰凸起计算结果与实验X光图像进行比较的基础上,进一步探索凸起现象的形成机制。从材料的熔点、弹塑性、密度、声速等方面对金属飞层对碰区凸起的影响进行了分析。综合分析几个计算模型的数值模拟结果,初步认为:材料强度大、密度大、熔点高能使飞层对碰凸起钝化,而材料声速较小会造成对碰区波系关系发生变化且正压作用时间增加,从而形成较严重的对碰凸起,材料声速大小对对碰凸起的影响较强度、密度等因素更明显。     

气相爆轰波沿胞格的动力学机理研究

 建立了一种以子单元分析为基础,研究气相爆轰波沿胞格运动时的动力学机理的新方法。根据该子单元的性质和斜冲击波关系,首先推导了对撞前后前导冲击波沿胞格对称轴的马赫数之比和入射冲击波入射角及胞格几何性质的关系,求解了胞格结构中的三波点对撞问题。然后,采用爆炸波模拟前导冲击波的自持运动过程,求解气相爆轰波沿胞格的动力学过程,理论分析表明,气相爆轰波在胞格起点首先经历一个增长过程,然后才出现衰减。理论分析结果与实验和数值计算结果的比较表明符合得较好。     

爆炸荷载下不同壁厚圆柱壳动力学行为的研究

对爆炸荷载下圆柱壳的动力学行为进行了实验研究及数值模拟。将外径均为100mm的3种壁厚的Q235钢质圆柱壳置于由TNT药柱产生的爆炸场中进行冲击实验,系统分析了在不同装药高度及壳壁厚度参数条件下圆柱壳的冲击变形模式,即迎爆面局部凹陷变形模式(ModeⅠ)、迎爆面局部凹陷与壳整体弯曲变形耦合模式(ModeⅡ)、整体变形失效模式(ModeⅢ)及局部穿透与整体变形失效耦合模式(ModeⅣ)。采用LS-DYNA有限元程序及Lagrangian-Eulerian流固耦合算法,对圆柱壳的非线性动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,分析了圆柱壳的变形历程及最终残余变形的情况,计算结果与实验现象吻合较好。研究结论可为圆柱壳结构爆炸破坏分级及抗爆技术设计提供科学依据。     

Numerical study on the discharge characteristics and nonlinear behaviors of atmospheric pressure coaxial electrode dielectric barrier discharges

The discharge characteristics and temporal nonlinear behaviors of the atmospheric pressure coaxial electrode dielectric barrier discharges are studied by using a one-dimensional fluid model. It is shown that the discharge is always asymmetrical between the positive pulses and negative pulses. The gas gap severely affects this asymmetry. But it is hard to acquire a symmetrical discharge by changing the gas gap. This asymmetry is proportional to the asymmetric extent of electrode structure, namely the ratio of the outer electrode radius to the inner electrode radius. When this ratio is close to unity, a symmetrical discharge can be obtained. With the increase of frequency, the discharge can exhibit a series of nonlinear behaviors such as period-doubling bifurcation, secondary bifurcation and chaotic phenomena. In the period-doubling bifurcation sequence the period-n discharge becomes more and more unstable with the increase of n. The period-doubling bifurcation can also be obtained by altering the discharge gas gap. The mechanisms of two bifurcations are further studied.It is found that the residual quasineutral plasma from the previous discharges and corresponding electric field distribution can weaken the subsequent discharge, and leads to the occurrence of bifurcation.     

Modelling of optical Kerr effects on the static and dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser

The effect of optical Kerr nonlinearity on the static and dynamic behaviors of quantum cascade laser operating in the mid-infrared is theoretically investigated. Our model is based on three-level rate equations including the dependence of the loss on photon number in the cavity. The optical stability domain that allows for the determination of current injection is derived within the premises of our model. The analytical solutions of eigenvalue equation allowing the investigation of stability analysis are obtained. Furthermore, nonlinear effects influence significantly the dynamics of photons in cavity and electrons in the upper laser level.     

位错与溶质原子间动态相互作用的数值模拟研究

通过Cottrell-Bilby型溶质动力学模型，对位错线周围的溶质原子浓度随应变率的变化进行了研究，并得到了三种不同的位错-溶质相互作用方式：在低应变率时，位错被溶质原子气团充分钉扎，它上面的溶质浓度近似达到饱和；在高应变率时，脱钉作用占主导地位，位错运动几乎不受深质影响；而在中间应变率时，位错反复经历着钉扎和脱钉过程，动态应变时效发生.此外，通过对模型方程的推导，还自然地得到了平衡状态下率相关流动应力与应变率之间的N形关系曲线. 关键词： 位错 溶质原子 动态应变时效 数值模拟     

Investigation of Shock Wave Loading and Crater Creation by Means of Single and Double Targets in the PALS-Laser Experiment

The efficiency of crater creation for different types of Al targets, namely, single massive targets and double targets consisting of a foil or a disk placed before the massive target at a chosen distance (300 and 500 µm), is studied. Targets were irradiated by the PALS facility laser beam with E _L = 100 – 400 J at the first harmonic λ = 1315 nm, a focal spot radius of 125 µm, and pulse duration of 400 ps. Velocities of the accelerated foil’s fragments or disks and electron density distributions of the plasma streams are determined by means of three-frame interferometry. Shapes and volumes of craters are obtained using the crater replica technology and microscopy measurements. It is shown that direct laser action is the most efficient way of energy transfer to the massive target and the most efficient method of crater creation. Somewhat lower efficiencies of shock wave loading and crater creation in comparison with direct laser action are found in the case of double targets where the energy is transferred to the massive target by colliding laser-driven foils or disks. The efficiencies of such a colliding energy transfer are close to 60% for foils and 40% for disks. The experimental results are in a good agreement with two-dimensional hydrodynamic models of shock wave generation under direct laser action and laser-driven macroparticle impact.     

两个连通型球形液膜动态特性的研究

对小球形液膜内气体经由细管流向大球形液膜内过程中,球形液膜的动态特性做了理论模拟与实验研究．     

电光调制对外部光注入垂直腔表面发射激光器的偏振转换及其非线性动力学行为的操控性研究

针对主和副垂直腔表面发射激光器构成的外部注入激光器系统的偏振转换及其非线性动力学行为, 利用周期性极化铌酸锂晶体中准相位匹配线性电光调制, 本文提出了一种新的操控方案并且探索了其控制规律. 研究结果发现, 受到平行光注入或正交光注入的副激光器输出偏振度随外加电场成周期性振荡变化, 其振荡波峰轨迹包络曲线为正弦曲线, 而振荡波谷轨迹包络曲线为余弦曲线; 选取一定的主激光器偏置电流, 通过对来自主激光器的光进行电光调制, 受到两种方式注入的副激光器可以输出任意偏振模, 并且其非线性动力行为经历不同的演变. 另外, 副激光器的偏振度仅依赖于外加电场, 与副激光器的偏置电流无关.     

Critical anomaly and finite size scaling of the self-diffusion coefficient for Lennardben Jones fluids by non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulation

We use non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the self-diffusion coefficient, D, of a Lennard-Jones fluid over a wide density and temperature range. The change in self-diffusion coefficient with temperature decreases by increasing density. For density ρ^* = ρσ³ = 0.84 we observe a peak at the value of the self-diffusion coefficient and the critical temperature T^* = kT/ε = 1.25. The value of the self-diffusion coefficient strongly depends on system size. The data of the self-diffusion coefficient are fitted to a simple analytic relation based on hydrodynamic arguments. This correction scales as N^-α, where α is an adjustable parameter and N is the number of particles. It is observed that the values of α < 1 provide quite a good correction to the simulation data. The system size dependence is very strong for lower densities, but it is not as strong for higher densities. The self-diffusion coefficient calculated with non-equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations at different temperatures and densities is in good agreement with other calculations from the literature.     

二维磁流体力学程序MFCG Ⅱ与MFCG Ⅰ计算结果的对比分析

 根据磁场、电流密度和感应电流的解析公式研制了爆炸磁通压缩发生器充电和爆磁压缩过程的计算程序MFCG Ⅱ。在相同条件下用该程序和二维磁流体力学程序MFCG Ⅰ分别计算相同模型所得结果符合较好。因此用MFCG Ⅱ可分析、解释MFCG实验中有关的物理问题。