超流氦浴中的热波传热研究

热波传热机制是超流氦传热非常重要的一个方面.在小热流密度的情况下,超流氦中的热波完全保持加热热流的波形,热量的传输完全靠热波来完成;随着热流密度的增加到一定程度,会在超流氦浴中激发量子涡旋.量子涡旋使热波发展成为热激波.在开放氦浴中,热波的波形不同于狭窄通道里的热波,在热波的尾部会出现一个冷却波;并且随着加热时间的变化,冷却波的形状和幅度会发生很大的变化.运用二流体模型和涡旋方程对超流氦中的热波进行了计算,实验结果与计算结果吻合得较好. 关键词： 超流氦 热波 量子涡旋 热激波     

电子型超导材料的超流密度响应

超导电性是凝聚态物理学中研究的热点.超导材料基本构成分为电子型与空穴型.对于空穴型超导材料,其电子配对对称性普遍接受的是具有dx2-y2波对称性;而对于电子型超导材料,电子配对对称性是dx2-y2波对称性还是s波对称性,目前还存在着很大的争议.在线性近似下,dx2-y2波超导体超流密度是温度的线性函数,而s波超导体的超流密度是温度的指数函数.因此通过对超流密度的研究可以明确电子型超导材料的电子配对对称性.本文首先从微观t-t′-t″-J模型出发,通过隶波色子平均场近似,计及反铁磁关联序和超导配对项,得到两带超导哈密顿量,进而推导出两带超流密度.最后验证了电子掺杂型超导体电子配对对称性和空穴掺杂型一样,同样具有dx2-y2波对称性,和早期唯象的两带模型的研究相一致.明确超流密度随掺杂的变化,是两带准粒子随掺杂变化相互作用的结果.     

低温传热中的热波现象及其对超流氦膜沸腾发生的影响

热波是低温传热中的常见现象，对热波现象的研究具有重要理论和实用价值．本文研究了固体和超流氦液体中的热波．对超流氦中的非稳态传热研究表明，热脉冲作用下的膜沸腾形成过程可由超流氨中的第二声（热波）进行很好的描述．     

一维无公度系统Aubry模型的迁移率边

本文的工作表明:当波矢Q取足够小的值,在势强度V<2时,一维无公度系统Aubry模型存在迁移率边。当Q值趋于零时,迁移率边E_c=±│2-V│。这个结果不同于用对偶性理论给出的结论。 关键词：     

超流氦中的热波实验研究

在本文中,采用新型的超导传感器对超流氦浴中的热波在不同的热流密度及氦浴温度下进行了测量,同时研究了超流氦浴中的热激波现象,并且与理论分析进行了比较。     

一维准周期晶格中玻色子对的迁移率边

研究了一维非公度的准周期晶格中的玻色子对的迁移率边.通过微扰方法,解析推导出强相互作用极限下准周期晶格中玻色子对迁移率边的解析表达式,通过数值证明在系统参数b较小时,迁移率边的解析结果符合得较好,而当b→1时,解析结果将发生偏离.     

光格子中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的超流相

本文采用Bogliubov方法分析了光格子中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的能谱,得到超流-Mott相变条件,指出光格子中BEC是一种典型的超流态,最后给出了超流速度.     

特殊低温温度传感器:超导温度传感器和高精度温度传感器

低温环境为人们了解未知世界提供了一个崭新的研究环境，如：超导技术，基础物理等方面的研究，在许多与低温的研究中，均涉及到微小湿度变化的测量，本文在作者实验经验的基础上，介绍了两种特殊的低温温度传感器，并用它们来测量了超流氦中的热波和超流氦的二级相变过程中的温度变化。     

超流~3He涡旋线中的新发现

超导体中磁通线及超流He中涡旋线的存在,早已为人们所熟知.它们的结构是简单的,都是在直径约为相干长度的正常态的芯子外面环以超流,具有轴对称性.磁通线的磁通量和涡旋线的环量都是量子化的,分别为一个磁通量子和环量量子,这是在超导体及超流4He中特有的宏观量子现象.1972年发现的液体3He的超流相,虽然是一种新型的超流相,但由于它的宏观量子性,人们自然地认为会有涡旋线存在,这已为后来的实验所证实. 近两年利用赫尔辛基低温实验室中能达到mK温度的旋转恒温器,芬兰和苏联的科学家发现了两个完全出乎人们意料的结果.这是在旋转的超流液体…     

离子束刻蚀碲镉汞晶体的电学特性研究

本文利用迁移率谱分析了离子束刻蚀后的碲镉汞晶体, 发现180 μm的p型碲镉汞晶体在刻蚀后完全转为n型, 且由两个不同电学特性的电子层组成:低迁移率的表面电子层和高迁移率的体电子层. 通过分析不同温度下的迁移率谱, 表明表面电子层的迁移率不随温度而变化, 而体电子层的迁移率随温度的变化与传统的n型碲镉汞材料一致. 不同厚度下的霍尔参数表明体电子层的电学性质均匀. 另外, 通过计算得到表面电子层的浓度要比体电子层高2-3个数量级.     

Almost mobility edges and the existence of critical regions in one-dimensional quasiperiodic lattices

We study a one-dimensional quasiperiodic system described by the Aubry–André model in the small wave vector limit and demonstrate the existence of almost mobility edges and critical regions in the system. It is well known that the eigenstates of the Aubry–André model are either extended or localized depending on the strength of incommensurate potential V being less or bigger than a critical value V _c , and thus no mobility edge exists. However, it was shown in a recent work that for the system with V < V _c and the wave vector α of the incommensurate potential is small, there exist almost mobility edges at the energy E _c±, which separate the robustly delocalized states from “almost localized” states. We find that, besides E _c±, there exist additionally another energy edges E _c′±, at which abrupt change of inverse participation ratio (IPR) occurs. By using the IPR and carrying out multifractal analyses, we identify the existence of critical regions among |E _c±|?≤?|E|?≤?|E _c′±| with the mobility edges E _c± and E _c′± separating the critical region from the extended and localized regions, respectively. We also study the system with V > V _c , for which all eigenstates are localized states, but can be divided into extended, critical and localized states in their dual space by utilizing the self-duality property of the Aubry–André model.     

一类一维势场中电子态的研究

研究了在一维势场Ｖ_n＝λｃｏｓ（Ｑn＋ａｎ^ｖ）（０＜ｖ＜１）中运动的电子状态，计算了本征能量和本征态的局域化指数。对Ｑ＝２π／３，系统的能带由三个子能带构成。当λ小于２时，每个子带中有两个迁移率边界。研究了扩展态、局域态以及迁移率边界随参数λ，ν，α的变化。 关键词：     

Fractal characteristics of critical and localized states in incommensurate quantum systems

Incommensurate quantum systems with two competing periodicities exhibit metallic (with Bloch-type extended wave functions), insulating (with exponentially localized wave functions) as well ascritical (with fractal wave functions) phases. An exact renormalization method, which takes into account the inherent incommensurability, is used to obtain the phase diagram of various quantum models for the two-dimensional electron gas and for quantum spin chains in a magnetic field. In this approach, the scaling properties of the fractal eigenstates are characterized by a fixed point or a strange invariant set of the renormalization flow. One of our novel results is the existence of self-similar fluctuations in the localized states once the exponentially decaying envelope is factorized out. In almost all cases under investigation here, the universality classes can be broadly classified as those of the nearest-neighbor square or triangular lattices.     

Mobility edges and reentrant localization in one-dimensional dimerized non-Hermitian quasiperiodic lattice

The mobility edges and reentrant localization transitions are studied in one-dimensional dimerized lattice with nonHermitian either uniform or staggered quasiperiodic potentials.We find that the non-Hermitian uniform quasiperiodic disorder can induce an intermediate phase where the extended states coexist with the localized ones,which implies that the system has mobility edges.The localization transition is accompanied by the PT symmetry breaking transition.While if the non-Hermitian quasiperiodic disorder is staggered,we demonstrate the existence of multiple intermediate phases and multiple reentrant localization transitions based on the finite size scaling analysis.Interestingly,some already localized states will become extended states and can also be localized again for certain non-Hermitian parameters.The reentrant localization transitions are associated with the intermediate phases hosting mobility edges.Besides,we also find that the non-Hermiticity can break the reentrant localization transition where only one intermediate phase survives.More detailed information about the mobility edges and reentrant localization transitions are presented by analyzing the eigenenergy spectrum,inverse participation ratio,and normalized participation ratio.     

Superfluid states in α–T_3 lattice

The superfluid states of attractive Hubbard model in α–T_3 lattice are investigated. It is found that one usual needs three non-zero superfluid order parameters to describe the superfluid states due to three sublattices. When two hopping amplitudes are equal, the system has particle–hole symmetry. The flat band plays an important role in superfluid pairing near half filling. For example, when the filling factor falls into the flat band, the large density of states in the flat band favors superfluid pairing and the superfluid order parameters reach relatively large values. When the filling factor is in the gap between the flat band and upper band, the superfluid order parameters take small values due to the vanishing of density of states. The superfluid order parameters show nonmonotonic behaviors with the increase of filling factor. At last, we also investigate the edge states with open boundary conditions. It is shown that there exist some interesting edge states in the middle of quasi-particle bands.     

Chiral phase transition and Anderson localization in the instanton liquid model for QCD

We study the spectrum and eigenmodes of the QCD Dirac operator in a gauge background given by an instanton liquid model (ILM) at temperatures around the chiral phase transition. Generically we find the Dirac eigenvectors become more localized as the temperature is increased. At the chiral phase transition, both the low lying eigenmodes and the spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator undergo a transition to localization similar to the one observed in a disordered conductor. This suggests that Anderson localization is the fundamental mechanism driving the chiral phase transition. We also find an additional temperature dependent mobility edge (separating delocalized from localized eigenstates) in the bulk of the spectrum which moves toward lower eigenvalues as the temperature is increased. In both regions, the origin and the bulk, the transition to localization exhibits features of a 3D Anderson transition including multifractal eigenstates and spectral properties that are well described by critical statistics. Similar results are obtained in both the quenched and the unquenched case though the critical temperature in the unquenched case is lower. Finally we argue that our findings are not in principle restricted to the ILM approximation and may also be found in lattice simulations.     

Majorana zero modes,unconventional real-complex transition,and mobility edges in a one-dimensional non-Hermitian quasi-periodic lattice

A one-dimensional non-Hermitian quasiperiodic p-wave superconductor without PT-symmetry is studied.By analyzing the spectrum,we discovered that there still exists real-complex energy transition even if the inexistence of PT-symmetry breaking.By the inverse participation ratio,we constructed such a correspondence that pure real energies correspond to the extended states and complex energies correspond to the localized states,and this correspondence is precise and effective to detect the mobility edges.After investigating the topological properties,we arrived at a fact that the Majorana zero modes in this system are immune to the non-Hermiticity.     

Topological Insulators in α-Graphyne

In this paper, we investigate topological phases of α-graphyne with tight-binding method. By calculating the topological invariant Z2 and the edge states, we identify topological insulators. We present the phase diagrams of α-graphyne with different filling fractions as a function of spin-orbit interaction and the nearest-neighbor hopping energy. We find there exist topological insulators in α-graphyne. We analyze and discuss the characteristics of topological phases of α-graphyne.     

Influence of the spin–orbit interaction in the impurity-band states of n-doped semiconductors

We study numerically the effects of an extrinsic spin–orbit interaction on the model of electrons in n-doped semiconductors of Matsubara and Toyozawa (MT). We focus on the analysis of the density of states (DOS) and the inverse participation ratio (IPR) of the spin–orbit perturbed states in the MT set of energy eigenstates in order to characterize the eigenstates with respect to their extended or localized nature. The finite sizes that we are able to consider necessitate an enhancement of the spin–orbit coupling strength in order to obtain a meaningful perturbation. The IPR and DOS are then studied as a function of the enhancement parameter.