内尺度对光强闪烁激光雷达测量结果的影响

利用Kolmogorov谱、修正Hill谱和Rytov改进模型三种大气湍流功率谱模型,得到了光强闪烁激光雷达探测路径上闪烁指数与大气折射率结构常数之间的关系。分析了不同内尺度下大气湍流强度的变化情况,并与不考虑内尺度的情况进行了比较。结合实验数据对比分析了内尺度对光强闪烁激光雷达在探测大气湍流时的影响程度,结果表明在内尺度的取值变化范围内,采用修正Hill谱时,理论上有限内尺度的折射率结构常数与不考虑内尺度时折射率结构常数的比值可达9,实验中传输距离为1020 m和2040 m的传输路径上两者最大偏差为0.4和0.1个量级;Rytov改进模型下,理论上有限内尺度的折射率结构常数与不考虑内尺度时折射率结构常数的比值可达6,实验中同样传输路径上两者最大偏差为0.6和0.3个量级。理论和实验结果表明:有限内尺度的折射率结构常数测量结果在一定程度上偏离不考虑内尺度的折射率结构常数,且影响程度与激光传输距离和内尺度的大小有关。因此,在光强闪烁激光雷达的大气湍流探测过程中,必须考虑内尺度效应。     

斜程大气湍流中激光回波的闪烁指数

根据光波斜程传输理论以及随高度变化的ITU-R大气折射率结构常数模型,考虑内尺度及从发射机到目标和从目标到接收机双斜程路径影响的条件下,应用修正Hill湍流折射率起伏功率谱,对反射器目标激光回波闪烁指数进行了研究。推导了回波闪烁指数随菲涅耳率的变化关系,数值分析了不同内尺度、传输距离、激光波长以及目标高度对回波闪烁指数的影响。结果表明:内尺度和目标高度对回波闪烁指数的影响要远大于波长和传输距离的影响。     

高斯波束在湍流大气斜程传输中的闪烁问题研究

根据光波斜程传输理论以及随高度变化的ITU-R湍流大气结构常数模型,将水平传输的修正里托夫方法推广到了斜程传输问题中。导出了高斯波束入射时,在零内尺度湍流谱模型及考虑湍流内尺度效应和外尺度效应条件下,从弱起伏湍流区到强起伏湍流区闪烁指数随斜程里托夫方差变化的计算公式。讨论了不同传播高度、不同湍流内、外尺度对高斯波束斜程传输闪烁指数的影响。最后将有关数值计算结果与实验测量结果进行了比较和验证。     

城市路径下激光光强起伏特性测量及链路余量估算

 在城市环境下进行了3.5 km的激光大气传输实验。实验中对光强起伏和到达角起伏进行了同步测量，分析了接收光强起伏的统计特性以及传输路径上大气折射率结构常数的特性。基于实验结果，对自由空间光通信中不同闪烁指数下的衰落冗余以及不同探测阈值下的衰落概率进行了估算，从而为空间光通信系统的设计提供可靠的实验基础。     

基于M2因子测量的大气湍流参数的确定方法

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔原理以及大气湍流理论,推导出部分相干光束在大气湍流中传输的光束传输M ^{2因子的解析表达式.定量分析了表征大气湍流参数的折射率结构常数 C2_n}和涡旋内尺度 l _{0对 M ^{2因子的影响,并由此提出了一种通过实验测量大气湍流中光束的 M 2因子,进而确定出大气湍流参数的新方法.研究结果表明,由于大气湍流对相干性好的光束影响更为明显,在测量中可采用具有高相干性的基模高斯光束作为测量光源,而测量装 关键词： 2因子')" href="#">光束传输 M 2因子 大气湍流参数 湍流折射率结构常数 湍流涡旋内尺度}}     

湍流路径积分参量与湍流大气中光的传播效应

根据光波在湍流大气中传播的理论分析了弱起伏条件下决定光波传播效应的折射率结构常数Ｃ＾２ｎ的各种路径积分参量之间的关系，导出了由光波的强度起伏所确定的等效折射率结构常数对计算大气相干长度与光波的到达角起伏，光束的扩展及漂移的相对偏差的表达式。针对折射率结构常数Ｃ＾２ｎ具有周期性，递减，递增和随     

合肥地区大气折射率结构常数高度分布模式

 利用QHTP-2型温度脉动探空仪对合肥地区大气折射率结构常数进行了长期连续的实地探空测量,对大量探空实验数据的统计分析得出合肥地区(0～25 km)折射率结构常数随高度分布廓线,并以国际广泛应用的Hufnagel-Valley模式为基础拟合得出合肥地区大气折射率结构常数统计模式廓线。研究发现:合肥地区大气湍流随高度分布廓线存在明显的昼夜和季节变化,大气湍流在随高度增加而减小的趋势上叠加了随机起伏,并具有鲜明的跳跃式结构;合肥地区的高空湍流模式廓线较好地符合实测的平均廓线,能反映自由大气中湍流随高度分布的重要特征——指数递减和对流层增强。     

不同地区大气折射率结构常数分布特性及分析

 大气湍流对光波传播的影响主要是由于大气随机起伏的湍流引起折射率的随机起伏,破坏了光波的相干性。研究传输问题就是研究湍流所造成的折射率随机变化的规律。主要利用HTP-2型温度脉动探空仪对大气折射率结构常数进行了实地探测及计算分析。通过对大量探空实验数据的统计分析,分别得出了合肥地区和北方干旱地区(0～30km)大气折射率结构常数在不同季节的白天和夜间的分布廓线和分布特性,对合肥地区和北方干旱地区的大气湍流结构特性有了比较清晰的认识,为大气光学传输工程的应用和理论计算提供了参考。     

实际大气湍流下弱光信标Shack-Hartmann波前传感器的波前斜率探测误差

 深入分析了Shack-Hartmann 波前传感器（S-H WFS）在实际大气湍流条件下弱光信标波前斜率的探测误差,导出了定量分析的数学模型。分析结果表明,当S-H WFS用于弱光信标（光子受限）湍流波前斜率的探测时,除了信标光起伏和探测器噪声外,大气强度闪烁、天空背景光等因素会增加探测误差,并且随着探测信标与天空背景光的对比度的下降,质心探测误差会随着孔径到达角起伏的增加而增加。     

探测大气湍流的光强闪烁激光雷达

基于残余光强闪烁理论,分析了与大气湍流探测有关的激光雷达各项硬件参数并获得参数的优化范围,据此研制了一台用于大气湍流探测的光强闪烁激光雷达。背景基线、线性特征等性能测试表明,激光雷达各硬件工作正常,数据获取可靠。实验测量中获得了水平方向上闪烁指数和大气折射率结构常数随探测距离和时间的变化趋势,其中闪烁指数在450~2000 m探测距离范围内由0.001逐渐增大至0.350左右;大气折射率结构常数基本保持水平均匀性,在1.010-16~1.010-15m-2/3范围之内;大气折射率结构常数在10:00~21:00时间内大致呈现上午上升、下午下降、晚上上升的变化趋势,具有较明显的日变化特征。实验结果与理论和常规测量较为相符,表明光强闪烁激光雷达能够获取大气湍流的探测距离变化和日变化特征信息。     

Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁和相位起伏效应的同时测量

将每一个子孔径及相应的CCD面元作为一个光强探测系统,可以将Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于湍流大气闪烁效应的测量.分析了该测量方法的基本原理,并结合其波前探测的功能.在近地面水平1km的湍流大气中,同时进行了闪烁和相位起伏的实验研究.将闪烁测量得到的Cn2与大口径闪烁仪测量的结果进行对比,发现两者的相关系数达0.838,验证了Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁效应测量的可靠性.对闪烁和相位起伏效应得到的Cn2的日变化进行了对比.结果表明,两者在变化趋势上具有较好的一致性;采用双对数坐标对两种结果进行相关性分析,发现两者的相关系数达0.798.这表明将Shack-Hartmann波前传感器用于闪烁和相位起伏效应的同时测量是可行的,拓展了该传感器的使用功能.     

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on propagation of ultraviolet radiation

We investigate the effect of atmospheric optical turbulence on ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The normalized irradiance variance (scintillation index) was measured using a UV scintillometer with a path length of 185 m. The dependence of the UV scintillations on the atmospheric turbulence structure parameter and inner scale was determined through simultaneous measurements of these quantities made with a visible laser scintillometer. The dependence of the UV scintillation index and its probability density function on receiver aperture size was also measured. It was found that the scintillation predicted by currently available models which take into account the effects of inner scale, saturation and aperture averaging was in good agreement with the measurements made under various conditions in weak turbulence.     

Study on the Scintillation for Optical Wave Propagation in the Slant Path Through the Atmospheric Turbulence

Based on the theory of optical wave propagation in the slant path and the ITU-R turbulence structure constant model which is altitude dependent, the modified Rytov method, which is applicable to the optical wave propagation in the horizontal path, is extended to the propagation in the slant path. According to the spectrum model with non-zero inner scale, the scintillation index as a function of the Rytov variance is obtained from weak to strong fluctuation regions with plane wave and sphere wave incidence, respectively. Finally, the scintillation index with different zenith angles is analyzed, and comparison between the results of the modified method and experimental measurements is given and discussed in detail.     

Expressions of the scintillation index for optical waves propagating through weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence based on the generalized atmospheric spectral model

The high frequency “bump” which occurs in the turbulence spectral model just prior to the turbulence cell dissipation is important for the analysis of the irradiance scintillation for optical wave propagating through atmospheric turbulence. In this study, expressions of the irradiance scintillation index are developed from the generalized modified atmospheric spectral model for optical waves propagating through weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Compared with the expressions of the irradiance scintillation index derived from the general non-Kolmogorov spectral model, the new expressions can consider the influences of finite turbulence inner and outer scales and the influence of finite diameter aperture receiver. As the irradiance scintillation is caused mainly by the small scale turbulence cells' diffractive effects for weak turbulence, the turbulence outer scale's influence can be ignored. Numerical simulations show that variable inner scale values produce obvious effects on the irradiance scintillation for non-Kolmogorov turbulence.     

Irradiance scintillation considering finite turbulence inner scale for optical wave propagating through weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence

The turbulence inner scale plays an important role in investigating the irradiance scintillation index for optical wave propagating through atmospheric turbulence. However, previous expressions of the irradiance scintillation index, which were derived based on the general non-Kolmogorov spectral model, did not consider the influences of finite turbulence inner scale. In this study, based on the generalized exponential spectral model for non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence, theoretical expressions of the irradiance scintillation index are derived for plane and spherical optical waves propagating through weak turbulence. The new expressions have considered the influences of the finite turbulence inner scale and the receiver aperture on the irradiance scintillation index. Numerical simulations are performed to analyze these parameters’ influences.     

A marine atmospheric spectrum for laser propagation

Most refractive index power spectral models currently used in atmospheric optical propagation studies were developed for terrestrial or high altitude environments. The current paper presents a new atmospheric spectral model for the marine environment. An analytical marine atmospheric spectrum is formulated to fit a numerical spectrum with the help of the downhill simplex algorithm. Theoretical irradiance fluctuation expressions are derived from the new spectrum for plane and spherical waves in weak optical turbulence. Comparisons are made between the existing scintillation theory and the new expressions developed for the marine environment, and the comparative advantage of the model is discussed. The results suggest that the current models are adequate for modeling the marine atmosphere in weak optical turbulence for small values of the inner scale of turbulence.     

A marine atmospheric spectrum for laser propagation

Most refractive index power spectral models currently used in atmospheric optical propagation studies were developed for terrestrial or high altitude environments. The current paper presents a new atmospheric spectral model for the marine environment. An analytical marine atmospheric spectrum is formulated to fit a numerical spectrum with the help of the downhill simplex algorithm. Theoretical irradiance fluctuation expressions are derived from the new spectrum for plane and spherical waves in weak optical turbulence. Comparisons are made between the existing scintillation theory and the new expressions developed for the marine environment, and the comparative advantage of the model is discussed. The results suggest that the current models are adequate for modeling the marine atmosphere in weak optical turbulence for small values of the inner scale of turbulence.     

Scintillation of a laser beam propagation through non-Kolmogorov strong turbulence

Atmospheric turbulence causes strong irradiance fluctuations of propagating optical wave under the severe weather conditions in long-distance free space optical communication. In this paper, the scintillation index for a Gaussian beam wave propagation through non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere is derived in strong fluctuation regime, using non-Kolmogorov spectrum with a generalized power law exponent and the extended Rytov theory with a modified spatial filter function. The analytic expressions are obtained and then used to analyze the effect of power law, refractive-index structure parameter, propagation distance, phase radius of curvature, beam width and wavelength on scintillation index of Gaussian beam under the strong atmospheric turbulence. It shows that, with the increasing of structure parameter or propagation distance, scintillation index increases sharply up to the peak point and then decreases gradually toward unity at rates depending on power law. And there exist optimal value of radius of curvature and beam width for minimizing the value of scintillation index and long wavelength for mitigating the effect of non-Kolmogorov strong turbulence on link performance.