硅胶G基纳米钛酸锶钡吸附富集-火焰原子吸收法对水中Pb~(2+)的测定

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅胶G基纳米钛酸锶钡,并且用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)进行了表征.系统地研究了该物质对水中铅的吸附性能.提出了硅胶G负载纳米钛酸锶钡分离富集,FAAS法测定水中痕量铅的新方法.结果表明,纳米钛酸锶钡能够负载于硅胶G表面,制成蚕茧状颗粒吸附材料.在pH值为4～6时,该吸附剂对水中的铅离子具有很强的吸附能力,静态吸附容量达到86.28m/g.吸附在硅胶G负载纳米钛酸锶钡上的铅离子可用1mol/L的硝酸完全洗脱下来,经硅胶G负载纳米钛酸锶钡富集10倍后,方法检出限为7.4μg/L.用于河水和自来水中痕量铅的测定,结果满意.     

手控注射式钛酸锶钡多孔球富集器分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水中铅和镉

以D311树脂为模板,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米钛酸锶钡多孔球,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)进行了表征.考察了Pd2+和Cd2+的吸附和解脱条件.将微球装柱,制成注射式富集器,研究了此富集器对水中痕量Pd2+和Cd2+的富集性能.结果表明: 此法合成的多孔球,由钙钛矿结构的纳米钛酸锶钡组成,晶体平均粒径为21 nm,球体表面布满了不规则的纳米孔洞.当pH 4～7时,此多孔球对水中的Pd2+和Cd2+具有很强的吸附能力,静态吸附容量分别为61.9和14.8 mg/g.由多孔球装柱制成的手控注射式富集器,可成功实现对水中Pd2+和Cd2+的同时吸附.用2 mol/L HNO3洗脱后,火焰原子吸收测定.建立了手控注射式纳米钛酸锶钡富集器分离富集、FAAS法测定水中痕量Pd2+和Cd2+的新方法.此方法对Pd2+和Cd2+的检出限分别为0.099和0.0034 μg/L.用于水样中痕量Pd2+和Cd2+的富集和原子吸收测定,回收率分别为97.8%～106.5%和93.0%～100.7%.     

纳米二氧化铈分离富集-分光光度法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)量

提出了纳米二氧化铈吸附富集痕量铬,2mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液作洗脱剂洗脱,用二苯卡巴肼分光光度法测定环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)含量的方法。在pH 4.0的介质中、吸附时间为40min、吸附剂用量为20mg时,纳米二氧化铈对铬(Ⅵ)的吸附容量为696μg.g-1。铬(Ⅵ)与二苯卡巴肼络合物的最大吸收波长为540nm,其质量浓度在0.012～1.2mg.L-1之间呈线性,检出限(3σ)为0.01mg.L-1。方法用于环境水样中铬的测定,加标回收率为99.4%。     

纳米活性白土用于废水中锰的分离和预富集及其火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

基于纳米活性白土的大比表面积和吸附特性,有效地解决了废水中锰(Ⅱ)的分离和预富集,对纳米活性白土的吸附性能作了较全面的研究。结果表明:在最佳试验条件下,当活性白土的用量为0.020 g时,其静态饱和吸附容量为6.13 mg.g-1;当在pH 4的含锰(Ⅱ)溶液中用0.500 g活性白土与之振摇5 min,随后令其静置6 h,锰的回收率达92%以上。吸附在纳米活性白土上的锰(Ⅱ)可用0.5 mol.L-1盐酸溶液25 mL与之振摇3 min并静置3 h使其解吸,解吸的回收率达95%以上。解吸溶液中的锰(Ⅱ)用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定,所提出的方法已用于磷化工艺的废水样中锰的测定,所得方法的检出限(3σ)、相对标准偏差(n=11)及回收率的数据依次为0.002 3 mg.L-1,1.0%及92.5%~99.0%范围内。     

基于秸秆模板法制备多孔纳米钛酸锶钡及其对重金属的吸附性能

以高粱秸秆为模板,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米钛酸锶钡多孔吸附剂(SPBST),以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)进行表征.考察了该多孔吸附剂对水中重金属铅、镉和锌的吸附富集性能,探讨了煅烧温度对吸附剂形貌和吸附性能的影响.并以镉离子为例,系统地研究了吸附热力学和动力学.结果表明,各煅烧温度下合成的多孔材料均由钙钛矿结构的纳米钛酸锶钡组成,晶体粒径均不大于20nm,多孔吸附剂对水中铅、镉和锌均有较强的吸附能力,吸附性能与材料的煅烧合成温度和介质的pH值以及吸附时间有关.煅烧温度过高,纳米钛酸锶钡晶体团聚严重,吸附能力降低;温度过低,材料松散易碎,不利于重复使用,750℃煅烧6h合成的材料性能最好.当介质的pH值为5～8时,吸附70min,对铅、镉和锌的静态吸附容量分别为191.51,19.00和19.97mg?g―1.其吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附等温模型和HO准二级动力学方程式,吸附过程焓变(?H)为35.905kJ?mol-1,各温度下的自由能变(?G)均小于零,熵变(?S)均为正值,吸附过程的活化能(Ea)为62.430kJ?mol-1.该吸附过程是自发的吸热物理过程.被吸附的金属离子均可用1mol?L-1的硝酸完全洗脱回收.对铅、镉和锌的富集因子均超过200.将其应用于水中痕量铅、镉和锌的吸附富集和原子吸收测定,回收率分别为90.3%～103.4%,91.5%～103.2%和94.35%～101.1%.     

3-(4''-氯基苯基)-5-(2''-羧基偶氮)若丹宁催化动力学荧光光度法测定痕量锰

研究发现在pH.5.2的邻苯二甲酸氢钾一氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,Mn(Ⅱ)对过氧化氢氧化3-(4'氯基苯基)-5(2'-羧基偶氮)若丹宁的反应具有强烈的催化作用,并导致荧光强度的增加.据此建立了催化动力学荧光光度法测定痕量锰的方法,荧光强度的增加(△F)与Mn(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在0.014 mg·L-1以内呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为△F=-4.47+1038.75C,相关系数为0.988 6,检出限为1.78×10-6g·L-1.用于自来水和污水样品中痕量锰的测定,测得结果与原子吸收光谱法(AAS)的结果相符.分析结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%,用标准加入法测得的回收率在95.6%～103.4%之间.     

氨三乙酸增敏催化光度法测定痕量锰

在活化剂氨三乙酸存在下,基于锰(Ⅱ)催化高碘酸钾氧化溴酚蓝的反应,拟定了测定痕量锰的催化光度法。此催化反应灵敏度高,选择性和重现性较好,线性范围为0.4~10μg.L-1,检出限为8.5×10-8g.L-1,用于测定水样和茶叶中的锰,分析结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为3.2%及1.1%,回收率依次为93%~109%和94%~108%。     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定微量碘

基于在稀磷酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲基红的的阻抑作用,提出了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学分光光度分析的方法.测定碘离子的线性范围在0.66 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3Sb/K)为7.5×10-6g·L-1.用于海带及食盐中微量碘的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%～2.2%之间,测得方法的回收率为99.7%～100.1%.     

纳米B2O3/TiO2复合材料的制备及其对痕量银的分离富集性能研究与应用

制备了新型纳米B2O3/TiO2吸附材料,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)及红外光谱(IR)对其进行表征,优化了纳米B2O3/TiO2复合材料对试液中痕量银的吸附和解吸条件,建立了纳米B2O3/TiO2分离富集-原子吸收光谱测定痕量银的新方法。当pH 4.3时,在22℃下振荡20 min,Ag+能被该材料快速吸附,其静态饱和吸附容量为11.72 mg/g,吸附在纳米B2O3/TiO2上的Ag+可用0.1 mol/L HNO3-0.05 mol/L硫脲(1∶4)完全洗脱。该方法的检出限为2.01μg/L,线性范围为0.01～4.00 mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%,加标回收率为95%～105%。方法应用于实际矿渣样品中痕量银的测定,结果满意。     

硅藻土吸附在线柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量铜

提出了硅藻土吸附在线柱富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中痕量铜的方法。利用硅藻土对环境水样中痕量铜在线预富集,浓集因子达到27.6,使火焰原子吸收光谱法的检测能力达到测定环境水样中痕量铜的要求。方法检出限为0.32μg.L-1,RSD(20μg.L-1)为3.52%,加标回收率为97.0%~105.0%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.