太赫兹技术在医学检测和诊断中的应用研究

近年来太赫兹科学技术日益受到科学界和工业界的重视并得到了较大的发展,太赫兹技术在医学领域上的应用已成为人们关注的重要方面之一。介绍了太赫兹波的特点、太赫兹光谱和成像技术;重点讨论了近年来太赫兹光谱和成像技术在医学检测和诊断领域中的应用和研究进展;并探讨了太赫兹光谱和成像技术发展中需要解决的问题以及今后发展的方向。     

雷达信号处理技术在太赫兹成像中的应用

太赫兹成像采用的成像算法多来自于其他频段已经成熟的成像算法,而针对太赫兹波特性的成像算法还不多见,因此在太赫兹频段形成了成像机理及算法研究的空白。按照经典电磁理论、光学原理对太赫兹成像进行分类,指出了雷达成像与太赫兹成像之间的关系。并通过研究太赫兹雷达目标散射特征,分析了不同太赫兹源的衍射极限成像分辨力。最后,从信号处理的角度介绍了太赫兹雷达信号处理及成像算法的研究现状。     

雷达信号处理技术在太赫兹成像中的应用

太赫兹成像采用的成像算法多来自于其他频段已经成熟的成像算法,而针对太赫兹波特性的成像算法还不多见,因此在太赫兹频段形成了成像机理及算法研究的空白。按照经典电磁理论、光学原理对太赫兹成像进行分类,指出了雷达成像与太赫兹成像之间的关系。并通过研究太赫兹雷达目标散射特征,分析了不同太赫兹源的衍射极限成像分辨力。最后,从信号处理的角度介绍了太赫兹雷达信号处理及成像算法的研究现状。     

Double-slit diffraction of terahertz wave generated by tilted-pulse-front pumping

We propose a spatial diffraction diagnostic method via inserting a millimeter-gap double slit into the collimated terahertz beam to monitor the minute variation of the terahertz beam in strong-field terahertz sources, which is difficult to be resolved in conventional terahertz imaging systems. To verify the method, we intentionally fabricate tiny variations of the terahertz beam through tuning the iris for the infrared pumping beam before the tilted-pulse-front pumping setups.The phenomena can be well explained by the theory based on the tilted-pulse-front technique and terahertz diffraction.     

太赫兹计量研究与标准研制进展

太赫兹作为新的技术手段在物质成分识别、高速通信、生物医学、安检成像和军事国防等领域具有重要的作用。太赫兹技术的各种应用都建立在对太赫兹本身及其与物质相互作用测量的基础上,因此准确的太赫兹参数测量及相关量值溯源是太赫兹应用的技术支撑和保障。介绍中国计量科学研究院在太赫兹辐射参数计量标准研究中形成的测量技术和溯源方法、研制的测量仪器和测量装置、制定的计量校准法规和建立的计量标准装置,对太赫兹辐射时域、频域、空域和强度等参数给出了量值溯源传递图并进行了测量不确定度分析。提出的太赫兹计量方法和标准装置可保障太赫兹技术研究和应用中的量值可靠,也可为其他太赫兹参数的测量提供参考。     

太赫兹片上系统和基于微纳结构的太赫兹超宽谱源的研究进展

目前太赫兹辐射信号的功率不高,辐射带宽也较窄,这些对于生物化学、含能材料的太赫兹检测应用领域来说是一大限制因素,因此如何获得宽谱高功率的太赫兹源对于太赫兹时域光谱系统的发展是非常重要的;另一方面,常规的太赫兹系统是在自由空间传输探测的,测量过程需要在氮气或者干燥空气环境中进行,以克服空气中水的吸收干扰,同时自由空间中的光场与物质相互作用的模式又降低了物质检测的灵敏度,这对于痕量物质检测来说构成了挑战.面对这一问题,太赫兹片上系统利用微纳结构中的局域场效应实现对物质的低浓度检测,此方案有助于解决这一应用难题.综上所述,本文分成以下两部分阐述:首先阐述了纳米金属薄膜作为新的太赫兹源,它可以同时产生非相干的和相干的太赫兹信号,其输出为超过100 THz的太赫兹-红外辐射,功率高达10 mW,这种超宽谱和高功率现象主要是由于非相干的热辐射效应引起的;第二,阐述了基于不同传输线结构、不同基底材料的太赫兹片上系统结构设计和光谱应用.基于共面带状线结构和聚合物材料基底的太赫兹片上系统有着较低的损耗,能够实现超过2 THz带宽的测量和生物化学应用.     

Manipulation of terahertz radiation using metamaterials

During the past decade electromagnetic metamaterials have realized many exotic phenomena that are difficult or impossible using naturally occurring materials. It is their resonantly enhanced interaction with electromagnetic waves that underpins their attractive qualities, which are increasingly important in the terahertz frequency range. Passive and active terahertz metamaterials and devices have enabled novel functionality and unprecedented terahertz device performance. These demonstrations prove their potential to address the so‐called terahertz gap, a technology vacuum associated with the deficiency of natural materials with a desirable terahertz response.     

掺杂石墨烯系统电场调控的非线性太赫兹光学特性研究

石墨烯是单原子厚的二维狄拉克相对论费米子系统,其优秀的光电学性质得到了广泛的关注和研究. 本论文利用量子理论研究掺杂石墨烯系统外电场和光场共同作用下的非平衡载流子的非线性太赫兹光学性质. 研究发现,掺杂石墨烯带内光吸收表现出强的非线性太赫兹光学特性. 随着外加偏压电场的增大,石墨烯非线性光学响应增强;随着外界太赫兹光频率的减小,非线特性增强. 研究表明通过改变电场强度,可以有效调节石墨烯系统太赫兹非线性光学特性. 研究结果为探索和发展以石墨烯为基础的新型纳米太赫兹光电器件的研究和实际应用提供了理论依据. 关键词： 石墨烯 太赫兹 非线性 光电流     

Multi-function terahertz wave manipulation utilizing Fourier convolution operation metasurface

We propose a novel metasurface based on a combined pattern of outer C-shaped ring and inner rectangular ring. By Fourier convolution operation to generating different predesigned sequences of metasurfaces, we realize various functionalities to flexible manipulate terahertz waves including vortex terahertz beam splitting, anomalous vortex terahertz wave deflection, vortex terahertz wave splitting and deflection simultaneously. The incident terahertz wave can be flexibly controlled in a single metasurface. The designed metasurface has an extensive application prospect in the field of future terahertz communication and sensing.     

磷化镓高功率太赫兹共线差频源的研究

在众多实现太赫兹辐射的方法中, 非线性光学共线差频能够实现高功率、宽波段、连续可调谐的太赫兹波辐射. 理论分析表明, 各向同性磷化镓晶体, 在1064 nm附近波长激光共线差频下具有毫米量级的相干长度, 能够满足高功率宽波段的太赫兹辐射条件.实验证明, 磷化镓晶体共线差频实现高功率宽波段的太赫兹光辐射, 其太赫兹光波长调谐范围为95.9–773.4 μm (0.39–3.13 THz), 最高峰值功率7 W位于频率2.0 THz处.该实验结果与理论计算基本保持一致. 关键词： 太赫兹源 磷化镓 共线差频     

二维电子气等离激元太赫兹波器件

固态等离激元太赫兹波器件正成为微波毫米波电子器件技术和半导体激光器技术向太赫兹波段发展和融合的重要方向之一。本综述介绍AlGaN/GaN异质结高浓度和高迁移率二维电子气中的等离激元调控、激发及其在太赫兹波探测器、调制器和光源中应用的近期研究进展。通过光栅和太赫兹天线实现自由空间太赫兹波与二维电子气等离激元的耦合,通过太赫兹法布里-珀罗谐振腔进一步调制太赫兹波模式,增强太赫兹波与等离激元的耦合强度。在光栅-谐振腔耦合的二维电子气中验证了场效应栅控的等离激元色散关系,实现了等离激元模式与太赫兹波腔模强耦合产生的等离极化激元模式,演示了太赫兹波的调制和发射。在太赫兹天线耦合二维电子气中实现了等离激元共振与非共振的太赫兹波探测,建立了太赫兹场效应混频探测的物理模型,指导了室温高灵敏度自混频探测器的设计与优化。研究表明,基于非共振等离激元激发可发展形成室温高速高灵敏度的太赫兹探测器及其焦平面阵列技术。然而,固态等离激元的高损耗特性仍是制约基于等离激元共振的高效太赫兹光源和调制器的主要瓶颈。未来的研究重点将围绕高品质因子等离激元谐振腔的构筑,包括固态等离激元物理、等离激元谐振腔边界的调控、新型室温高迁移率二维电子材料的运用和高品质太赫兹谐振腔与等离激元器件的集成等。     

太赫兹技术在农产品检测中的应用研究进展

我国是农业大国,保障粮食安全是国家发展的战略需要。农产品检测技术的应用和发展对监控质量,预防由农产品品质问题引发的安全事故至关重要。太赫兹(Terahertz, THz)波位于电磁频谱空隙,频率高于微波而低于红外线,具备光子能量低、穿透性好、能表征分子结构等优点。基于太赫兹波的光谱检测技术受到研究人员广泛关注,在生物医学、安全检查等方面得到应用,被证明是一种可靠的检测手段。在农产品应用领域,太赫兹波特有的非接触、无标记检测能力为农产品成分分析、质量控制提供了技术手段,其良好的穿透性和无损害性,可以用来在不破坏农产品表面及外包装的前提下,检测内部成分变化。与其他光谱(超声、 X射线、红外等)检测手段相比,太赫兹波频率范围宽、表征能力强,可实现对目标物质的快速无损检测。近几年,随着太赫兹发射源、探测器等设备以及光谱和成像技术的发展,其在农产品领域的应用有了新的进展。通过收集整理近期的文献资料,综述了太赫兹技术在农产品检测方面的应用拓展和研究成果,总结了目前存在的应用局限。在此基础上,对未来太赫兹光谱和图像检测的研究方向进行了展望,提出提高检测灵敏度和检测速度是农产品领域太赫兹技术产业化应用...     

Evaluation of moisturizing cream using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a useful tool for material characterization because it provides both temporal and frequency domain information. In this work, we perform terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for evaluation of commercial moisturizing cream cosmetics. By measurement of terahertz transmission, the change of complex refractive index by exposure of the cosmetic samples in ambient condition is obtained. The tendency of terahertz transmission change is different from that of mass change, which implies that terahertz response becomes a new characterization tool for moisturizing cosmetics. Our results show that terahertz time-domain spectroscopy has potential application on cosmetic testing.     

太赫兹光谱技术在四氢双环戊二烯检测中的应用

研究了太赫兹光谱技术在鉴别含能材料同分异构体中的应用。首先研制了适于特定工程应用的太赫兹时域光谱仪样机,并经过振动冲击、高低温试验验证了样机的环境适应性,表明该款样机完全可以在非实验室环境下稳定可靠地工作。利用一氧化碳标准气体验证了样机测量光谱的正确性,并同时实现了对样机测量频率的校准;利用校准后的光谱仪测量了四氢双环戊二烯的两种同分异构体endo-THDCPD和exo-THDCPD的太赫兹光谱,测量结果显示两种不同构型材料的太赫兹光谱存在显著差异,endo-THDCPD的太赫兹光谱在0.23 THz和1.70 THz处呈现出明显的特征吸收,exo-THDCPD的2个最明显的特征吸收峰则位于1.41 THz和1.74 THz。该结果表明:运用太赫兹光谱技术可有效区分这两种分子结构仅存在微弱差异的材料,对太赫兹光谱在含能材料研究领域的应用具有参考意义。     

Influence of cutting off position of plasma filament formed by two-color femtosecond laser on terahertz generation

Femtosecond laser filamentation is a method of generating terahertz, which has wide application in terahertz subwavelength resolution imaging. In this paper, the plasma filament formed by femtosecond laser focusing was terminated with an alumina ceramics at different positions and the influence of the cutting off position of the plasma filament on the terahertz wave was studied. The results showed that the terahertz amplitude increases as the position approaches the end of the filament gradually. The stability of amplitude and peak frequency of the terahertz generated by the filament formed by two-color femtosecond laser via a lens with a longer focal length is lower than that through a lens with a shorter focal length, especially the terahertz amplitude at the end of the filament. The study will be helpful for future researchers in the field of THz sub-wavelength imaging utilizing femtosecond laser filament.     

Investigation of copper sulfate pentahydrate dehydration by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Copper sulfate pentahydrate is investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It is shown that the terahertz absorption coefficients are correlated with the particle size of the samples, as well as the heating rates of the ambient temperature. Furthermore, the water molecules of copper sulfate pentahydrate can be quantitatively characterized due to the high sensitivity of the terahertz wave to water molecules. Based on such results, the status of water incorporated in mineral opal is also characterized using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. It indicates that terahertz technology can be considered as an efficient method to detect the dehydration of minerals.     

Generation of elliptically polarized terahertz waves from laser-induced plasma with double helix electrodes

By applying a helical electric field along a plasma region, a revolving electron current is formed along the plasma and an elliptically polarized far-field terahertz wave pattern is observed. The observed terahertz wave polarization reveals the remarkable role of velocity retardation between optical pulses and generated terahertz pulses in the generation process. Extensive simulations, including longitudinal propagation effects, are performed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for polarization control of air-plasma-based terahertz sources.     

200mJ光泵浦氨气太赫兹激光器北大核心CSCD

利用光栅选支调谐的TEA CO2激光器作为泵浦源设计了高能量脉冲光泵浦太赫兹激光器。太赫兹激光谐振腔由2m长的石英玻璃管、GaAs泵浦光输入窗和SiO2太赫兹光输出窗组成,氨气充入谐振腔内作为增益介质。太赫兹激光的波长由自主设计的金属线栅F-P干涉仪测量。实验中在多个波长处都获得了强烈的太赫兹光输出,其中151.5μm太赫兹光的输出脉冲能量高达204mJ,对应的泵浦光能量为32J。最后,还给出了利用151.5μm太赫兹光进行透视成像的实验结果。     

Comparative study of coherent terahertz emission from Fe/Pt ferromagnetic heterostructures

The ultrafast spin dynamic of in-plane magnetized Fe/Pt films was investigated by terahertz emission spectroscopy. The amplitude of the emitted terahertz wave is proportional to the intensity of the exciting laser beams.Both the amplitude and polarity of the terahertz wave can be adjusted by modifying the external magnetic field.The dependency of the amplitude on external magnetic fields is coincident to the hysteresis loops of the sample.Also, the polarity of the terahertz wave is reversed, as the magnetization orientation is reversed. The superdiffusive transient spin current with an inverse spin Hall effect is attributed to the main mechanism of the terahertz emission.     

量子阱在沿其平面方向偏振太赫兹波驱动下子带间光吸收

利用半导体布洛赫方程,讨论了量子阱在沿其平面方向偏振的太赫兹场驱动下的光学吸收谱。研究结果揭示了半导体量子阱在沿平面方向偏振的强太赫兹场驱动下吸收谱的一些新奇效应,如主吸收的太赫兹边带、动态弗兰兹-凯尔迪什效应。太赫兹场的频率及其相位对探测场吸收谱的影响也很显著。