亮孤子在宇称时间对称波导中的传输和控制

基于光波在宇称-时间(PT)对称波导中传输的理论模型, 数值研究了亮孤子在呈高斯分布的PT对称克尔非线性平板波导中的传输和控制. PT对称波导, 要求波导的折射率分布呈偶对称, 而增益/损耗分布呈奇对称. 结果表明: 当波导的折射率分布强度为正时, PT对称波导的中心折射率最大, 即使没有自聚焦克尔非线性效应, PT对称波导也可以束缚光波, 形成波浪形光束且长距离传输; 当折射率分布强度为负时, PT对称波导的中心折射率最小, 光波的传输方向发生偏移. 而增益/损耗分布可控制光波的偏移方向: 增益/损耗分布强度为正, 光波向左偏移; 强度为负, 光波向右偏移; 强度为零时, 光波被分为两束. 且当折射率分布强度为负时, 可以很好地抑制相邻亮孤子间的相互作用. 该研究结果可为未来PT对称波导在全光控制方面的应用提供一定的理论依据.     

光子晶体线缺陷波导中的折射率相位移调制增强效应

在传统的基于全内反射原理的低折射率比介质波导所构建的相位移调制型光学器件中,调制区域的长度通常在毫米到厘米量级.由于器件横向尺寸保持在微米量级,因此狭长结构成为了传统光波导器件的典型特征,这限制了光学器件集成度的提高,严重制约了集成光路的进一步发展.光子晶体的出现为高密集成光路的发展提供了一条新的途径.本文使用平面波展开方法计算了光子晶体线缺陷波导中的色散曲线.研究发现:在色散曲线下边缘处,材料折射率的一个微小变化可以引起传输常数的较大变化,如果工作频率点选择在带下边缘附近,则可以大幅度减小相位移调制型器件调制区域的长度.本文使用时域有限差分方法进一步验证这种增强效应,计算结果表明,对于0.46%的折射率变化,光子晶体线缺陷波导中的相位调制长度仅为均匀媒质中相位移调制长度的11.7%.通过以进一步研究,这种增强效应有望应用与高密度集成光路.     

Adaptive Integrated Optical Bragg Grating in Semiconductor Waveguide Suitable for Optical Signal Processing

This article presents a methodology for an integrated Bragg grating using an alloy of GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaAs with a controllable refractive index to obtain an adaptive Bragg grating suitable for many applications on optical processing and adaptive control systems, such as limitation and filtering. The refractive index of a Bragg grating is controlled by using an external electric field for controlling periodic modulation of the refractive index of the active waveguide region. The designed Bragg grating has refractive indices programmed by using that external electric field. This article presents two approaches for designing the controllable refractive indices active region of a Bragg grating. The first approach is based on the modification of a planar micro-strip structure of the iGaAs traveling wave as the active region, and the second is based on the modification of self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots of an alloy from GaAs and InGaAs with a GaP traveling wave. The overall design and results are discussed through numerical simulation by using the finite-difference time-domain, plane wave expansion, and opto-wave simulation methods to confirm its operation and feasibility.     

Modulation instability of the stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers in a presence of acoustic diffraction

An influence of acoustic wave diffraction on the modulation instability of the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers is numerically investigated, when a small feedback for the Stokes wave is present. The cases of acoustic waveguide and anti-waveguide fibers are considered. It is shown that a presence of acoustic diffraction may expand the region of occurrence of modulation instability and may lead to 2–5 times increasing the peak amplitude of output Stokes pulses. In this case, a stable train of short powerful Stokes pulses of nanosecond duration is produced at the output.     

Asymmetric first-order Bragg interactions in an active dielectric waveguide

The asymmetric first-order Bragg interactions in an active planar dielectric waveguide are investigated for the case of even TE modes. Either the index or the gain is assumed to have a sinusoidal variation in the propagation direction. By a singular perturbation procedure using multiple space scales, the coupled-mode equations governing the nature of the Bragg interactions are systematically deduced and the characteristics of this instability are examined. For the gain-modulated waveguide having an average loss, there are two threshold values for the modulation index of the gain, one for absolute instability and the other for traveling wave amplification, and these threshold values are deduced. Representative numerical results are presented to illustrate the characteristics of the Bragg interactions.     

On diffraction and dispersion effect on three wave interaction

The effect of diffraction and dispersion on three wave coupling is investigated. The instability leading to space modulation of packets is obtained. This instability and its nonlinear stage is similar to modulational instability of quasimonochromatic waves. The localized structures (solitons and waveguide) can be a result of the instability. We demonstrate that one-dimensional and two-dimensional such structures are unstable. The existence of stable three-dimensional solitons is shown.     

Symmetric surface plasmon resonance sensing structure excited by a planar waveguide

In this paper, we describe a novel waveguide surface plasmon resonance sensing structure, which consists of a symmetric structure and a planar waveguide. The core component is the symmetric structure of the metal layer, tested sample, and metal layer. The refractive index matching condition of this structure can be adjusted through the thickness of the sample. The planar waveguide is used to excite the surface plasmon wave, and then the parameters are tested and analyzed. The surface plasmon wave is excited when glycerin solutions with concentrations of 0%–70% are used to detect at thicknesses of 300 and 500 nm. The problem that the effective refractive index of the ion exchange planar waveguide is large and using this index to excite the surface plasmon wave between the metal and dielectric for detection is difficult to achieve can be countered by appropriately choosing the thickness of the dielectric in order to be able to measure different refractive indices.     

Inhibition of light tunneling in chirped and longitudinally modulated semi-infinite waveguide arrays

The inhibition of light tunneling in chirped and longitudinally modulated semi-infinite waveguide arrays where the refractive index is linearly modulated in the transverse direction and harmonically modulated along the light propagation direction is considered. We report on the effect of the refractive index transverse amplitude modulation rate, longitudinal modulation frequency and depth on tunneling inhibition in both linear and nonlinear regimes. We show that in the linear regime an optimal value for the transverse amplitude modulation rate of refractive index exists and can determine the optimal longitudinal modulation frequency or depth leading to a maximum of distance-averaged power fraction. In the nonlinear regime the tunneling inhibition dynamics is affected dramatically by the transverse amplitude modulation rate and the associated electric field amplitude of the input beam.     

Fabrication of defocus graded-index optical waveguide for evanescent wave optical amplifier

This is the first report on an evanescent wave optical amplifier with a plastic waveguide that can amplify a CW signal transmitted by a plastic optical fiber. The waveguide with a concave refractive index distribution was fabricated by an interfacial-gel polymerization technique. Since the waveguide increases the number of reflections at the boundary surface of the waveguide and the laser dye solution, the enhancement of amplification efficiency can be realized. The function of the fabricated waveguide was confirmed by calculations and experiments. The obtained results indicate that the fabricated fiber generated a larger evanescent field than the waveguide without a refractive index distribution.     

Discrete diffraction on a cascade-induced periodic lattice

A method for cascade generation of a periodic lattice in a medium with quadratic nonlinearity is proposed. Such a lattice is induced as a result of interference of two or four crossed fundamental-frequency waves. Numerical simulation of the discrete diffraction of a signal beam coupled to one of the lattice waveguides is performed. With an increase in the modulation depth of the refractive index, the signal wave is trapped in the waveguide.     

Instability of wave packets in nonlinear inhomogeneous waveguides

Conditions for modulation instability of a wave packet to occur in cubically nonlinear single- and double-mode waveguides with various distributions of dispersion parameters over the waveguide length are investigated. Analytical expressions are obtained for the integral gain increment and other characteristics governing the modulation instability dynamics. Features of the dynamics are revealed using numerical simulation.     

Radiation modulation via violation of total internal reflection with excitation of a waveguide mode

The transverse transmission coefficient of a multilayer structure with a planar waveguide is numerically simulated under the conditions of modulation of the refractive index or absorption coefficient of the waveguide. The optical properties of this structure are shown to be highly sensitive to variation in the refractive index or absorption (amplification) coefficient of its waveguide layer. The influence of optical and geometric characteristics of the structure on its optical properties is analyzed. Modulation of the transmission and reflection coefficients of the structure containing a waveguide with an amplifying medium is considered.     

快速可调谐电光聚合物波导光栅

提出并设计了快速可调谐电光聚合物波导光栅.该波导光栅通过极化聚合物的线性电光效应 可实现谐振波长的纳秒级快速调谐，调谐灵敏度为61pm/V.研究了该波导光栅的反射谱和透 射谱特性与光栅周期,周期数,折射率调制函数及其调制大小的关系.讨论了波导光栅的材料 选择,制备工艺,快速可调谐性和偏振相关性.该波导光栅不仅克服了光纤光栅调谐速度慢和不利于大规模集成的不足，而且具有调谐灵敏度高,制备工艺与半导体工艺兼容和偏振无关 等优点. 关键词： 光通信器件 光波导 电光效应 聚合物 波导光栅 光纤光栅     

基于平面波导激励的修正长程表面波的传感器研究

为了解决传统的强度检测型波导激励的表面等离子体共振传感器灵敏度不高的缺点,研究平面波导激励的介质膜-金属-被测介质的可激发修正的长程表面等离子体波结构。采用离子交换的方法制备折射率可用费米函数拟合的平面波导,研究了离子交换时间对平面波导的模数及等效折射率等特性的影响,为激励波导的优化设计提供有效依据。采用制备的平面波导激励介质膜-金属-被测介质的非对称结构,研究金属材质、介质膜厚和金属膜厚等因素对修正的长程表面等离子体波特性的影响,对被测溶液的折射率进行检测。实验结果表明,其灵敏度为传统的强度检测型表面等离子体共振传感器的6倍,并且具有较好的线性关系。     

Microwave generator based on tunnel-coupled semiconductor-metamaterial structure

We propose a model of a tunable laser based on a tunnel-coupled waveguide semiconductormetamaterial structure. The waveguide semiconductor channel has a positive refractive index and a high Kerr nonlinearity coefficient. In the frequency range under investigation, the channel formed by the magnetoactive metamaterial is characterized by a negative refractive index. Computer simulation is used for investigating the peculiarities of generation of microwave radiation under pumping due to modulated instability in the semiconductor channel and a distributed feedback. The generation frequency is controlled using the dependence of the refractive index of the metamaterial on the external magnetic field.     

Numerical demonstration of slow light tuning in slotted photonic crystal waveguide using microfluidic infiltration

Tuning of the operating wavelength of slow light in the slotted photonic crystal waveguide using microfluidic infiltration has been investigated. Using 2D plane wave expansion method, we numerically demonstrate that the operating wavelength can be shifted from the C to L band, simply by choosing the refractive index of the infiltrated fluid. It is also found that, as the refractive index of the infiltrated fluid changes, the group velocity dispersion has slight variation at different operating wavelength. This design opens the possibility for post-fabrication scheme of tuning the operating wavelength of slow light in slotted photonic crystal waveguide, and allows the device to be optimized for different applications.     

An azobenzene functionalized polymer for laser direct writing waveguide fabrication

We report on non-lithographic laser direct writing fabrication of optical waveguides by using a 4′-hydroxy-4-nitroazobene dye-functionalized polymer film. The polymer film reveals permanent change of refractive index at high laser illumination intensity. A focused continuous wave low power green laser beam at 532 nm wavelength is used to directly write waveguide structures on the polymer film. The magnitude of refractive index increase at film surface is about 0.006. One-step laser writing results in graded index waveguides in film depth direction under ambient conditions without pre- and post-processing. As a by-product, the laser writing also results in a very small air valley at the boundary between the laser written and non-written regions which may contribute in part although minimal to the waveguide lateral confinement and can be used for visual observation of waveguide patterns. The fabricated waveguide is found to be stable and easily reproducible.     

Generation of stable self-similar wave packets in inhomogeneous optical waveguides with a traveling refractive index wave

The specific features of the dynamics of wave packets in inhomogeneous optical waveguides with a traveling refractive index wave and a parabolic dependence of the refractive index on the transverse coordinates of the waveguide have been investigated. It has been shown that stable self-similar pulses of short (picoand subpicosecond) duration with a high total pulse energy and a large mode area can be generated in the corresponding waveguides. It has also been demonstrated that the self-similar regime of propagation of durationpreserving wave packets can be achieved, in particular, with the normal dispersion of the active optical waveguide used in the work.     

Analysis of non-linear refractive index influences on four-wave mixing conversion efficiency in semiconductor optical amplifiers

In this paper, we have analyzed the influences of non-linear refractive index on the four-wave mixing (FWM) characteristics in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). It has been shown that the generated FWM signal characteristics can be modified due to the variation of non-linear refractive index of the SOA's medium. The wave propagation in the SOA has been modeled using the nonlinear propagation equation taking into account gain spectrum dynamics, gain saturation, which depends on carrier depletion, carrier heating, spectral hole-burning, group velocity dispersion, self-phase modulation and two photon absorption. Simulation of optical wave evolution in the SOA has been carried out using the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) both in time and spectral domains. Our simulation results confirm that higher FWM conversion efficiency and lower time bandwidth product are achieved for higher absolute values of non-linear refractive index. Moreover, non-linear refractive index is more efficacious for high power propagated waves in SOAs. Finally, we have studied the modification of waveguide refractive index due to the propagation of optical pulses. We have also shown that when |n₂|=1 cm²/TW, refractive index variation is in the order of 10^?4 to 10^?7 for high and low power input pulses, respectively.     

Membrane-based acoustic metamaterial with near-zero refractive index

We investigate a one-dimensional acoustic metamaterial with a refractive index of near zero(RINZ) using an array of very thin elastic membranes located along a narrow waveguide pipe. The characteristics of the effective density, refractive index, and phase velocity of the metamaterial indicate that, at the resonant frequency fm, the metamaterial has zero mass density and a phase transmission that is nearly uniform. We present a mechanism for dramatic acoustic energy squeezing and anomalous acoustic transmission by connecting the metamaterial to a normal waveguide with a larger cross-section. It is shown that at a specific frequency f_1, transmission enhancement and energy squeezing are achieved despite the strong geometrical mismatch between the metamaterial and the normal waveguide. Moreover, to confirm the energy transfer properties, the acoustic pressure distribution, acoustic wave reflection coefficient, and energy transmission coefficient are also calculated. These results prove that the RINZ metamaterial provides a new design method for acoustic energy squeezing,super coupling, wave front transformation, and acoustic wave filtering.