EPR diagnostics of the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen on the surface of silicon nanocrystals

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to determine the concentration of excited (singlet) molecular oxygen photosensitized by silicon nanocrystals. The generation of singlet oxygen in the porous silicon layers is studied quantitatively at various oxygen pressures and exciting light intensities with the use of the technique proposed. The experimental results indicate that silicon nanoclusters as the photosensitizers of singlet oxygen are promising for biomedical applications.     

中心金属Ga原子对Corrole三重态动力学及单线态氧产生的影响

采用激光闪光光解技术测量了5,15-二(五氟苯基),10-苯基Corrole,5,10,15-三(五氟苯基)Corrole及其相应Ga配合物的三重态瞬态吸收光谱和动力学弛豫过程.测量结果表明,四种Corrole样品在440-540 nm波长范围内具有三重态吸收信号且吸收峰位于450 nm.无氧条件下,金属Ga Corrole的三重态寿命比对应的自由Corrole三重态寿命短;有氧条件下,则反之.由此推测,金属Ga原子的插入减缓了氧对Corrole分子三重态的猝灭速率.利用稳态红外发光法测量了四种Corrole样品的单线态氧稳态发光光谱.计算结果显示,金属Ga原子的插入使得Corrole的单线态氧量子产率有所下降.结果表明,金属Ga原子产生的重原子效应对Corrole三重态动力学和单线态氧的产生有一定的影响.     

Direct optical excitation of singlet oxygen in organic solvents

Efficient excitation of singlet oxygen is demonstrated for several organic solvents (CS₂, CCl₄, and C₆F₁₄) that are irradiated using LED in the visible spectral range in the absorption bands of the O₂-O₂ collision complexes at the corresponding cooperative transitions. It is shown that the two-photon interaction of the pumping radiation in the Herzberg I band of molecular oxygen with its excitation to the ³Σ _u ⁺ state and the subsequent collisional relaxation to the ¹Σ _g and ¹Δ _g singlet states contributes to the excitation of singlet oxygen.     

Preparation of gold nanoparticles of desired size and a study of their impact on the photosensitized generation of singlet oxygen in the aquatic phase

The effect of gold nanoparticles on the photooxidation of tryptophan in the presence of porphyrins immobilized on chitosan in the aquatic medium is studied. This reaction is used as a model to assess the sensitizing ability of porphyrins in the photogeneration of singlet oxygen, a process underlying photodynamic therapy, a promising method for treatment of cancer. Gold nanoparticles are prepared by reduction of gold cations with sodium borohydride in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone. The proposed technique enables to obtain gold nanoparticles with a very narrow size distribution.     

单重态氧的气固化学反应发生体系的热力学分析

采用Gaussian程序软件包,在RHF/Lanl2dz计算水平上,计算了由4类无机固体反应物(包括碱金属的过氧化物或超氧化物、碱土金属的过氧化物或超氧化物)与3类气体反应物(包括卤素气体、卤化氢气体和卤化氘气体)所组合的12种可产生单重态氧(O2(1Δg))的气固化学反应体系的热力学参数(如反应焓变、Gibbs反应自由能变化值以及化学反应平衡常数)。计算结果结合O2(1Δg)在氧碘化学激光器(COIL)中的实际应用,分析比较了不同固体反应物和不同气体反应物对气固化学反应体系产生O2(1Δg)的影响。分析结果表明：大部分的上述气固化学反应体系的Gibbs反应自由能变化值为负值,反应可自发进行;但在所有的气固化学反应体系组合中,由碱金属超氧化物与F2或Cl2组成的气固化学反应体系的反应生成热是比较少的,这有利于气固化学反应体系产生的O2(1Δg)用于COIL中。分析同时表明由碱金属超氧化物(如LiO2,NaO2或KO2)与卤素气体(如F2或Cl2)所组成的气固化学反应体系能更高效地产生O2(1Δg),较适合用于COIL中。     

单重态氧的气固化学反应发生体系的热力学分析

 采用Gaussian程序软件包,在RHF/Lanl2dz计算水平上,计算了由4类无机固体反应物(包括碱金属的过氧化物或超氧化物、碱土金属的过氧化物或超氧化物)与3类气体反应物(包括卤素气体、卤化氢气体和卤化氘气体)所组合的12种可产生单重态氧(O2(1Δg))的气固化学反应体系的热力学参数(如反应焓变、Gibbs反应自由能变化值以及化学反应平衡常数)。计算结果结合O2(1Δg)在氧碘化学激光器(COIL)中的实际应用,分析比较了不同固体反应物和不同气体反应物对气固化学反应体系产生O2(1Δg)的影响。分析结果表明：大部分的上述气固化学反应体系的Gibbs反应自由能变化值为负值,反应可自发进行;但在所有的气固化学反应体系组合中,由碱金属超氧化物与F2或Cl2组成的气固化学反应体系的反应生成热是比较少的,这有利于气固化学反应体系产生的O2(1Δg)用于COIL中。分析同时表明由碱金属超氧化物(如LiO2,NaO2或KO2)与卤素气体(如F2或Cl2)所组成的气固化学反应体系能更高效地产生O2(1Δg),较适合用于COIL中。     

气固化学反应体系产生单重态氧的初步实验研究

 介绍了一种新的产生单重态氧（O₂（¹△g）的气固化学反应体系,即在固定床式反应器中采用固体过氧化钠粉末与氯气（Na₂O₂/Cl₂）进行反应的气固化学反应体系。实验分别通过用对近红外敏感的光谱仪和锗探头监测了反应产生的（O₂（¹△g）的发射光谱和1 270 nm的光信号,同时通过数据采集系统监测了反应池固体反应层和测试池中气体的温度的变化曲线。实验测得了（O₂（¹△g）在1 270 nm附近的特征发射光谱,此光谱表明该体系是一个很好的产生（O₂（¹△g）的体系,同时,实验现象表明该反应是强放热反应。     

电激励O2（1△g）发生器的理论模拟研究

 建立了基于分子反应动力学的氧等离子体化学反应模型，该模型包括了电子与氧分子，以及氧原子与氧分子的碰撞反应过程。利用反应动力学理论计算并讨论了电激励O₂(¹△)发生器的放电参数，发现电子能量应小于2.5eV。电子浓度对O₂(¹△)产率的影响不大，当放电压力与气体线流速一定时，存在最佳的电子平均能量。     

The influence of some optical parameters on IR spectroscopy of oxygen in silicon

The influence of optical parameters involved in the determination of impurity concentrations in single crystalline silicon by IR spectroscopy was evaluated. Variations of the refractive index with wavelength have a negligible effect. Contributions by the coefficient of extinction and reflectivity of the sample surface cannot be ignored. The influence of sample surface morphology was investigated experimentally and results indicate that errors up to ~30% can occur if a constant value of reflectivity R = 0.30 is employed in calculations of the absorption coefficient.     

The effect of two-photon absorption and optical excitation area on the generation of THz radiation

It was found experimentally that the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification is strongly related to the optical excitation size in a ZeTe emitter. The factors affecting the THz radiation throughput are investigated in detail both experimentally and theoretically. By taking into account optical rectification, diffraction and two-photon absorption effects, a theoretical model is established to describe the emitting field intensity of THz radiation. There is excellent agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data under high excitation power. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that there is a trade-off between these three effects for THz radiation, and that in order to increase the THz radiation throughput based on optical rectification, one should choose suitable excitation size under a given pump power.     

冷射流方法脱除单重态氧气流中的水汽

为提高化学氧碘激光性能,分别使用-117 ℃乙醇、-110 ℃氟里昂和-45 ℃质量分数为50%过氧化氢冷射流进行单重态氧气流中的水汽脱除实验。实验结果表明:这3种冷射流的除水效果并不显著,乙醇基本上没有任何脱水效果,氟里昂和过氧化氢仅可以将水汽含量分别降低至原来的约1/5和1/4;乙醇和氟里昂因极易挥发而对气流产生严重干扰,并不适合用于除水;只有难挥发的过氧化氢才是合适的候选。     

冷射流方法脱除单重态氧气流中的水汽

为提高化学氧碘激光性能,分别使用-117 ℃乙醇、-110 ℃氟里昂和-45 ℃质量分数为50%过氧化氢冷射流进行单重态氧气流中的水汽脱除实验。实验结果表明：这3种冷射流的除水效果并不显著,乙醇基本上没有任何脱水效果,氟里昂和过氧化氢仅可以将水汽含量分别降低至原来的约1/5和1/4;乙醇和氟里昂因极易挥发而对气流产生严重干扰,并不适合用于除水;只有难挥发的过氧化氢才是合适的候选。     

The effect of porphyrin supramolecular structure on singlet oxygen photogeneration

This work is to show that activity of porphyrins in singlet oxygen generation (SOG) is determined not only by their molecular structure but also by supramolecular structure of porphyrin containing systems. This is demonstrated by results of studies of SOG in the gas phase by vacuum deposited tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) layers under photoexcitation conditions. The structure of the layers was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), TEM in diffraction regime (TED) and by the flicker-noise spectroscopy (FNS) method. It was shown that substrates affect the deposited layers structure only at earlier stages of the layer formation. AFM and TED data, together with FNS quantitative parameters of TPP layers, show directly that the chemical activity of solid-phase systems can be determined not only by their chemical nature but also by their supramolecular structure.     

On the influence of singlet oxygen molecules on characteristics of HCCI combustion: A numerical study

Mechanisms of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion enhancement are investigated numerically when excited O₂(a ¹Δ_g) molecules are produced at different points in the compression stroke. The analysis is conducted with the use of an extended kinetic model involving the submechanism of nitric oxide formation in the presence of singlet oxygen O₂(a ¹Δ_g) or O₂(b ¹Σ_g ⁺) molecules in the methane-air mixture. It is demonstrated that the abundance of excited O₂(a ¹Δ_g) molecules in the mixture even in a small amounts intensifies the ignition and combustion and allows one to control the ignition event in the HCCI engine. Such a method of energy supply in the HCCI engine is much more effective in advancement of combustion timing than mere heating of the mixture, because it leads to acceleration of the chain-branching mechanism. The excitation of O₂ molecules to the a ¹Δ_g electronic state makes it possible to organise the successful combustion in the cylinder at diminished initial temperature of the mixture and increase the effective energy released during HCCI combustion. The advance in the value of this energy is much higher than the energy needed for the excitation of oxygen molecules. Moreover, in this case, the output concentration of NO and CO can be reduced significantly.     

喷射型单重态氧发生器性能研究

单重态氧发生器作为氧碘化学激光的核心部件,为化学激光器提供化学能。通过对工业喷射器及旋风分离器的研究,结合产生单重态氧的化学反应环境,进行了大量模拟及设计改进工作,研制了一种新型喷射型单重态氧发生器,并进行了相关实验研究。喷射型单重态氧发生器利用喷嘴能够产生比传统发生器类型更多的气液表面,获得足够的反应效率,可以大幅度降低发生器液体使用量,从而减小发生器辅助系统,提高体积效率。为满足O2（1）停留时间短及分离效率高的要求,利用气液两相喷射的高初速度以旋风分离器完成气液分离。新型发生器氯气利用率可达97%~99%,其O2（1）产率为40%~50%。     

喷射型单重态氧发生器性能研究

单重态氧发生器作为氧碘化学激光的核心部件,为化学激光器提供化学能。通过对工业喷射器及旋风分离器的研究,结合产生单重态氧的化学反应环境,进行了大量模拟及设计改进工作,研制了一种新型喷射型单重态氧发生器,并进行了相关实验研究。喷射型单重态氧发生器利用喷嘴能够产生比传统发生器类型更多的气液表面,获得足够的反应效率,可以大幅度降低发生器液体使用量,从而减小发生器辅助系统,提高体积效率。为满足O2（1）停留时间短及分离效率高的要求,利用气液两相喷射的高初速度以旋风分离器完成气液分离。新型发生器氯气利用率可达97%~99%,其O2（1）产率为40%~50%。