Geometrical and fluidic tuning of periodically modulated thin metal films

We numerically demonstrate near-zero transmission of light through two-dimensional arrays of isolated gold rings. The analysis of the device as an optofluidic sensor is presented to demonstrate the tuning of the device in relation to variations of volume and refractive index of an isotropic fluid positioned over the structure. We also evaluate the performance of the device with respect to geometrical parameters of the rings.     

Geometrical effects on shallow donor impurities in quantum wires

We have studied theoretically the impurity binding energy for wires of different shapes (V-shaped quantum wire (V-QWR) and rectangular wire) with a variational procedure without using any coordinate transformation. The effective potential for V-QWR used in this work consists of a square well potential in the z-direction and full graded well potential in the x-direction. Our results are in good agreement with previous theoretical results, found by the coordinate transformation method. Furthermore, it is shown that the impurity binding energy in quantum wires is sensitive to the geometrical effects.     

Geometrical effects on the charge/discharge properties of quantum dot flash memories

We investigate the addition spectra of arrays of quantum dots (QDs) under different geometrical distributions. We use a Hubbard Hamiltonian where we include intra- and inter-dot interactions. Exact diagonalisation is used to calculate the eigenstates of arrays containing several QDs and the conductance addition spectrum is calculated using the Beenakker Approach for a single-dot generalised to an array of QDs. The charging/discharging process of the QDs is theoretically studied when a bias is applied to a metallic gate on top of the structure. The occupancy and conductance as a function of the gate bias is obtained, a crucial feature to understanding the memory charging process for non-volatile memories that are based on MOS devices with embedded semiconductor QDs.     

Geometrical confinement effects on the magnetization and polarization response in resonant magneto-optic rotator waveguides

Control of magnetization is central to the performance of magneto-optical switches and isolators. Photonic crystal technology on these devices can yield significant improvements in polarization rotation efficiency and an overall reduction in device dimensions. The optical response and field reversal characteristics of resonant magneto-optic polarization rotators fabricated on chip are presented herein and analyzed by micromagnetic simulation. By introducing domain-strip structures into the resonant cavity of Bragg gratings formed on magnetic garnet films, a bi-stable magnetic state is demonstrated and the enhancement of characteristic saturation field is studied. Domain closure loops between the strips affect the hysteresis response in the resonant cavity. Large magneto-optic rotations exceeding 45° are produced near resonance between 1500 and 1580 nm in the stop-bands, although the presence of linear birefringence in these gyrotropic waveguides strongly suppresses the Faraday rotation outside the stop-bands and degrades the linearity of the output polarization.     

The effects of cochlear hypothermia on compound action potential tuning

The effects of lowered cochlear temperature on eighth-nerve tuning were assessed by using forward masking of whole nerve action potential (AP) responses to generate AP tuning curves (APTCs) at cochlear temperatures ranging from 38.5 degrees to 30 degrees C for probe frequencies from 8 to 36 kHz. The data indicate that subnormal cochlear temperatures result in: broadened APTCs for probe frequencies above 10 kHz which are interpreted as resulting from reduced hair-cell frequency selectivity, lowered or more sensitive APTC tips where tone-burst thresholds are unchanged, and raised or less sensitive tips where thresholds to tone bursts were elevated. Increased tip sensitivity is explained in terms of enhanced eighth-nerve adaptation which occurred during hypothermia. Experiments directly addressing adaptation were performed, in which the masker-probe interval (delta t) was systematically lengthened. The normalized AP decrement versus delta t functions indicate an enhancement of both the amount and duration of adaptation during hypothermia. Functions relating the growth of response to the masker (AP decrement versus masker intensity functions) were reduced at low temperatures.     

Temporal effects in masking and their influence on psychophysical tuning curves

Psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) were obtained in simultaneous and forward masking for a 20-ms, 1000-Hz signal presented at 10 dB SL. The signal was presented at the beginning of, at the temporal center of, at the end of, or immediately following a 400-ms masker. The first experiment was done in quiet; the second experiment was done in the presence of two bands of noise on either side of 1000 Hz. The results were similar in quiet and in noise. In simultaneous masking, the PTCs were broadest for the signal at masker onset, and generally sharpest for the signal at temporal center; the differences were largest on the high-frequency side. In most cases, there was virtually no difference in Q10 between the forward-masking PTC and the simultaneous-masking PTC with the signal temporally centered, although the high-frequency slope was always steeper in forward masking. These results indicate that, at least for brief signals, frequency selectivity measured with simultaneous-masking PTCs and the degree of sharpening revealed in forward-masking PTCs depend upon the temporal position of the signal within the simultaneous masker.     

Geometrical and chemical environment effects on the magnetism of stepped surfaces of V and V over Fe

By means of a real-space tight-binding calculation we obtain the spin-polarization of vicinal (1, 0, 2n?1) vanadium surface, and of one V layer deposited on vicinal (1, 0, 2n?1) iron surfaces (n=1,2,3,4). These geometries can be viewed as a staircase on the (001) surface with steps of monoatomic height andn-atoms width. Forn≤2, the pure V stepped surfaces do not show magnetism which is consistent with the absence of spinpolarization at the (101) surface. By contrast, magnetism is always obtained when a V monolayer is deposited on Fe stepped substrate, which is due to the hybridization of d-orbitals of V and Fe. Furthermore, in all the cases where magnetism is obtained, the surface V atoms at the edge of the step result to be antiferromagnetically coupled with all kink atoms. The effect of this local defect on the magnetic structure seems to remain when approaching the (001) surface (n→∞).     

Geometrical effects on line shape and background in experimental Mössbauer spectra

The finite size of the Mössbauer absorber is taken into account to relieve geometrical conditions. An analytical expression reproducing quite accurately the actual shape of the resonant lines is derived. Deviations from the assumptions made have a small effect on line shape. The expression can easily be included in standard Mössbauer fitting routines to obtain accurate values of physical parameters even with bad geometrical conditions.     

Geometrical effects on the optical properties of quantum dots doped with a single magnetic atom

The emission spectra of individual self-assembled quantum dots containing a single magnetic Mn atom differ strongly from dot to dot. The differences are explained by the influence of the system geometry, specifically the in-plane asymmetry of the quantum dot and the position of the Mn atom. Depending on both these parameters, one has different characteristic emission features which either reveal or hide the spin state of the magnetic atom. The observed behavior in both zero field and under magnetic field can be explained quantitatively by the interplay between the exciton-manganese exchange interaction (dependent on the Mn position) and the anisotropic part of the electron-hole exchange interaction (related to the asymmetry of the quantum dot).     

Weather effects on returns: Evidence from the Korean stock market

In this study, we attempted to determine whether a relationship exists between stock returns and the weather variables of temperature, humidity, and cloud cover in the Korean stock market. We delineated three key implications with regard to weather effects. First, after the 1997 financial crisis, the presence of a weather effect disappeared. Second, the inclusion of weather variables helps to model the GJR-GARCH process in the conditional variance. Third, the interaction effects of weather variables fully demonstrate the weather effect, but the interaction effects also vanished after the crisis. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the weather effect was weakened as the result of heightened market efficiency.     

Geometrical effects on the isotopically selective photodissociation of SF6 under CO2 laser pulses

A linear relationship is found between the³⁴S isotopic enrichment factor per pulse and the focal distance of the lens used to concentrate the laser beam. From this, one derives a threshold power of 26 MW/cm² for photodissociation, a mean absorption of 100 photons of 10.59 μm wavelength per³²SF₆ dissociation, and a dependence of the enrichment factor on the 3/2 power of the laser pulse energy.     

Germanene nanomeshes: Cooperative effects of degenerate perturbation and uniaxial strain on tuning bandgap

Based on the detailed first-principles calculations, we have carefully investigated the defect induced band splitting and its combination with Dirac cone move in bandgap opening. The uniaxial strain can split the π-like bands into πa andπz bands with energy interval Estrain to shift the Dirac cone. Also, the inversion symmetry preserved antidot can split π_a(π_z) into π_(a1) and π_(a2)(π_(z1) and π_(z2)) bands with energy interval E_(defect) to open bandgap in the nanomesh with Γ as four-fold degenerate Dirac point according to the band-folding analysis. Though the E_(defect)would keep almost unaffected, the Estrain would be increased by enhancing the uniaxial strain to continuously tune the gap width. Then the bandgap can be reversibly switched on/off. Our studies of the inversion symmetry preserved nanomesh show distinct difference in bandgap opening mechanism as compared to the one by breaking the sublattice equivalence in the(GaAs)_6 nanoflake patterned nanomesh.Here, the π-band gap remains almost unchanged against strain enhancing.     

The effects of a high-frequency suppressor on tuning curves and derived basilar-membrane response functions

Forward-masked psychophysical tuning curves were obtained using a fixed, low-level signal at a frequency of 4 kHz, and masker frequencies of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, and 5.5 kHz, at masker-signal gaps of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ms. An adaptive two-interval, two alternative forced-choice (21-2AFC) procedure was used to obtain the masker level at threshold. This procedure was repeated with the addition of a 4.75-kHz suppressor at 50 or 60 dB SPL, gated with the masker. Tuning curves were broader, and estimates of compression and gain from derived input/output functions were decreased in the presence of a suppressor as compared to the no-suppressor condition. The results are consistent with physiological results, which show that suppression leads to a broadening of tuning curves and a partial linearization of the midlevel portion of the basilar-membrane input/output function.     

Geometrical effects in nanodimensional epitaxial films of barium strontium titanate

The effect of the thickness of 6- to 950-nm-thick Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃ films epitaxially grown on (001)MgO on their ferroelectric properties is investigated. Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction data indicate a structural phase transition taking place at a film thickness of ≈70 nm, which changes drastically the lattice parameters of the film. Raman spectra taken of the films confirm that they are in the ferroelectric state and that their symmetry changes in going over a critical thickness, as revealed by a sharp displacement of the peaks corresponding to the A ₁(TO) and E(TO) components of the soft mode. At film thicknesses of <100 nm, the permittivity versus thickness dependence exhibits two peaks at thicknesses of ～18 and ～36 nm. Near the first peak, the dielectric nonlinearity is considerably higher than near the second one.     

铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇结构与光谱的研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法,在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上,对铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算,得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数,并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(ET)、结合能(EBT)、平均结合能(Eav)、电离势(EIP)、能隙(Eg)、费米能级(EF)和氢原子差分吸附能(Ediff)等．结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为：n为奇数为单重态 和 ,n为偶数为双重态 和 ;由于Al原子属于缺电子原子,能与等电子原子H化合,通过氢桥键形成氢化物,本文优化计算发现,铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型都存在氢桥键,且n为奇数的氢化物的氢桥键作用比相邻偶数的氢化物强．最后计算了铝氢化物团簇最稳定结构的红外光谱、平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学电子特性,分析得出(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇中AlH3的电离势和能隙最大,说明该氢化物最稳定,氢原子差分吸附能最大．     

铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇结构与光谱的研究

采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法，在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上，对铝氢化物(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算，得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数，并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(ET)、结合能(EBT)、平均结合能(Eav)、电离势(EIP)、能隙(Eg)、费米能级(EF)和氢原子差分吸附能(Ediff)等．结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为：n为奇数为单重态 和 ，n为偶数为双重态 和 ；由于Al原子属于缺电子原子，能与等电子原子H化合，通过氢桥键形成氢化物，本文优化计算发现，铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型都存在氢桥键，且n为奇数的氢化物的氢桥键作用比相邻偶数的氢化物强．最后计算了铝氢化物团簇最稳定结构的红外光谱、平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学电子特性，分析得出(AlHn)(n=1-6)团簇中AlH3的电离势和能隙最大，说明该氢化物最稳定，氢原子差分吸附能最大．     

卢瑟福散射公式的几何证明方法

给出两种比较简单的推导卢瑟福散射公式的几何方法:利用圆锥曲线的基本知识并结合参数的物理意义得出卢瑟福公式.     

Geometrical aspects on the dark matter problem

In the present paper we apply Nash’s theory of perturbative geometry to the study of dark matter gravity in a higher-dimensional space–time. It is shown that the dark matter gravitational perturbations at local scale can be explained by the extrinsic curvature of the standard cosmology. In order to test our model, we use a spherically symmetric metric embedded in a five-dimensional bulk. As a result, considering a sample of 10 low surface brightness and 6 high surface brightness galaxies, we find a very good agreement with the observed rotation curves of smooth hybrid alpha-HI measurements.