室温固相化学反应与固体结构

从固体的两大类延伸固体和分子固体在结构上的巨大差异出发，论述了分子固体之间的反应可以在室温下进行的原因。     

Keggin结构纳米硅钨酸铵的室温固相合成与物性

首次以H4SiW12O40 * 22H2O和(NH4)2C2O4 * H2O为原料,室温固相反应合成出(NH4)4SiW12O40纳米微粒;用元素分析、 FTIR确定产物的组成和结构; XRD、 TEM和BET对产物的形貌、晶粒尺寸和比表面积进行了表征; TG-DTA确定了产物的稳定温区.结果表明,产物为纳米粒子,平均粒径为60 nm,比表面积为108.7 m2/g,在430℃以下具有良好的热稳定性.在固相反应中,研磨和放热反应热效应能加快反应物扩散速率和生成物成核速率,使产物粒径减小;反应物含有结晶水和生成物H2C2O4 * 2H2O,对形成小粒径的(NH4)4SiW12O40纳米粒子起关键作用.     

Na24P2W22O83的固相合成与表征

用固相反应法由Na4P2O7@10H2O,Na2WO4@2H2O和WO3合成了新型杂多酸盐配合物Na24P2W22O23.其结构经元素分析、m和x-射线粉末衍射等分析手段确证,新配合物属正交晶系,晶胞参数:a=1.4745nm,b=1.1933nm,c=1.1119nm,z=1,属D24P212121(No.19)空间群.并推测了其配位方式和结构.     

CdS纳米粉体的合成新方法——一步室温固相化学反应法

ＣｄＳ纳米粉体的合成新方法——一步室温固相化学反应法俞建群贾殿赠＊张慧周蓉夏熙（新疆大学化学系乌鲁木齐８３００４６）室温或近室温条件下的固－固相化学反应是近几年刚发展起来的新研究领域，经过近几年的研究，已在合成化学中取得良好的应用［１，２］，并总结得...     

氧-水蒸汽中Sr2GdRuO6纯相的合成及固相反应机理

采用氧(或空气)-水蒸汽混合气氛下的固相反应,可合成无任何SrRuO3杂相的纯相化合物Sr2GdRuO6.当由Sr2GdRuO6作先驱物,类似的固相反应体系,可成功合成无任何SrRuO3杂相的纯相RuSr2GdCu2O8化合物.此外,还讨论了有水蒸汽参与的固相反应合成Sr2GdRuO6的反应机理.结果表明,水蒸气的作用是抑制SrRuO3的形成,而不是有利于把SrRuO3杂相转化为Sr2GdRuO6相.     

电荷转移配合物的室温固相合成与性质研究

首次报道用室温固相反应法合成了一种有机 -多金属氧酸盐电荷转移配合物 (H2 quin) 3(PW12 O4 0 )· 4Hquin,用元素分析、红外、紫外、固体电子光谱、XRD、TG-DTA、极谱、伏安、ESR和变温磁化率等手段对其进行了研究 ,确定了该配合物的组成与结构。红外、紫外、固体电子光谱研究表明 8-羟基喹啉与杂多阴离子之间发生了电荷转移反应 ,ESR和极谱、伏安研究结果证明配合物中杂多阴离子发生了单电子还原反应 ,生成了混合价化合物。     

混配化合物M(α-AP)2(OAc)2(M=Ni、Zn)的室温固相合成及表征

Zn、Ni是重要的生命元素,在人体中属于必需的微量营养元素;金属离子与不同氨基酸形成的混配化合物,在生命活动中具有十分重要的作用,氨基酸中参与配位的主要是氮和羧酸,所以研究含氮和羧酸的混配化合物具有重要意义[1-6].     

无溶剂固相研磨法合成乙酰丙酮铝

以无机铝盐、乙酰丙酮(Hacac)为原料,固体碱为反应促进剂,室温下固相研磨合成了乙酰丙酮铝.考察了碱的用量及种类、物料摩尔比、研磨时间对产率的影响,并和经典方法作了对比,固相研磨法产率较高(90%以上).目标产物用红外、热重进行了表征,结果与标准谱图一致.最佳工艺条件为n(A l3+)∶n(Hacac)=10∶40,固体碱适量,室温研磨1 h.     

混配化合物M(α-AP)2(OAc)2(M=Ni、Zn)的室温固相合成及表征

Mixed coordination compounds M(α-AP)₂(OAc)₂ (M=Ni， Zn) were synthesized individually via solid phase reactions between α-aminopyridine and nickel acetate or zinc acetate at room temperature and were characterized by elemental analysis， IR and X-ray powder diffraction. Zn(α-AP)₂(OAc)₂ was also determined by ¹H NMR， TGA and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system with space group P2₁/c， a=9.1900(18)?， b=13.900(3)?， c=13.310(3)?， β=92.40(3)°， V=1698.7(6)?³， D_c=1.453g·cm^-3， Z=4， F(000)=768， μ=1.469mm^-1， R₁=0.0376， wR₂=0.1202[I >2σ(I)]. Each zinc(Ⅱ) atom lies at the center of a distorted tetrahedron composed of two oxygen atoms from a pair of monodentate acetate groups and two nitrogen atoms from a pair of pyridine rings.     

层状结构杂合物（CnH2n＋1 NH3）2 NiCl4（n ＝4，8，12）的合成与表征

采用低温固相合成法制备了3种有机／无机杂合物（ Cn H2n ＋1 NH3）2 NiCl4（ n ＝4,8,12）,通过元素分析、X 射线粉末衍射、红外光谱和紫外‐可见吸收光谱对杂合物进行了表征。实验结果表明,利用低温固相合成法可成功制备杂合物（Cn H2n ＋1 NH3）2 NiCl4（ n ＝4,8,12）,3种产物均具有明显的层状结构且分别属于单斜晶系、六方晶系和正交晶系。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Hexathiometadiphosphate Cu2P2S6

Copper hexathiometadiphosphate, Cu₂P₂S₆, was synthesized and characterized. Brick‐red copper hexathiometadiphosphate Cu₂P₂S₆ crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4₂/mnm (no. 136) with a = b = 5.2565(7), c = 15.066(3) Å and V = 416.3(1) ų in a novel structure type. This is the first hexathiometadiphosphate, whose crystal structure is based on a slightly distorted cubic closest packing of sulfur atoms. 1/3 of the tetrahedral voids are occupied by Cu and P in an ordered fashion, thus resulting in a layered structure. The structural motif of layers composed of corner‐sharing CuS₄ tetrahedra (comparable to red HgI₂) that are separated by [P₂S₆]^2– anions orientated perpendicular to these layers, is rarely found in solid state chemistry. The compound is diamagnetic and shows negligible electronic conductivity. Electronic structure calculations and UV/Vis measurements point to a bandgap in the visible range and explain the red color of the compound. Additionally, the oxidation state +1 for Cu was confirmed by the electronic structure calculations. The thermal properties of Cu₂P₂S₆ were investigated by DTA.     

Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von Calcium- und Strontiumhexathiodiphosphat(IV), Ca2P2S6 und Sr2P2S6, mit einem Beitrag zu Ca5P8 und Pb2P2S6

Crystal Structure and Properties of Calcium and Strontium Hexathiodiphosphate(IV), Ca₂P₂S₆ and Sr₂P₂S₆, with a Contribution on Ca₅P₈ and Pb₂P₂S₆ Ca₂P₂S₆ and Sr₂P₂S₆ were prepared from metal and a mixture of red phosphorus and sulfur (molar ratio M:P:S = 1:1:3) in 2 corundum crucibles inserted in quartz ampullae under vacuum (20 d 900°C). The compounds were obtained as colourless, crystalline powders containing single crystals. They crystallize in the Sn₂P₂S₆ (high temperature form) type structure (P2₁/c, Z = 2): Ca₂P₂S₆ a = 653.2(2)pm, b = 728.1(2)pm, c = 1110.1(4)pm, β = 124.00(4)°, d = 2.50(2); Sr₂P₂S₆ a = 664.3(2)pm, b = 755.7(3)pm, c = 1139.7(3)pm, β = 124.07(2)°, d = 2.97(2). The anions P₂S have staggered confirmation and are arranged with the motif of a cubic close-packing. Sr²⁺ is coordinated by 8S which form a twofold face-capped trigonal prism and belong to 4P₂S. Structure calculations clearly show that Pb₂P₂S₆ also crystallizes in P2₁/c and not in Pc [1]. Also, Raman- and IR-spectra of Ca₅P₈ were recorded at 20°C. The stretching vibrations of P were assigned in analogy to those of P₂S in alkaline earth hexathiodiphosphates(IV). The range of their frequencies (480 to 340 cm^?1) is essentially smaller and shifted to smaller values compared with P₂S in Ca₂P₂S₆ and Sr₂P₂S₆ (620 to 390 cm^?1). The symmetry of P is not D_3d but C_2h as in the case of P₂S.     

Preparing Nano-ZnS by Solid State Reaction at Room Temperature

Solid-state reaction has been studied for a long time1-3. In recent years, some researches have been focused on the preparation of coordination compounds at low temperatures or even at room temperature4-5. In this letter, preparation of ZnS nanoparticles by using solid state reaction at room temperature is reported.ZnS nanoparticles were prepared as follows: Zn(CH3COO)2 and Na2S?9H2O, in equal molar ratio, were ground in agate mortar. After 20 minutes, the powder was washed by water and …     

镍硫配合物(Me3C+)2Ni(SCH2CH2S)2的合成及结构表征

以NiCl2,Bu4NBr,HSCH2CH2SH为原料合成了配合物(Me3C^ )2Ni(SCH2CH2S)2,其结构经元素分析、IR,UV和^1H NMR确证,X-射线四圆衍射仪测其晶胞参数为：a=0.9127(1)nm,b=1．2424(0)nm,c=1．3906(2),v=1．57685(2)nm^3,z=4,晶体属正交晶系。晶体结构经块状矩阵最小二乘法修正后,最终偏离因子R=0．089。     

Room Temperature Solid State Reaction Involving Structural Transformation of Covalent Oxide Network

An interesting structural transformation from a two dimensional (2d) covalent oxide network with a layered structure to a three-dimensional (3d) network with a tunnel structure was found at room temperature in the mixture of hydrated alkali-metal molybdenum bronze and amorphous alkali-metal molybdate. From various experimental results it was concluded that the transformation was due to a room temperature solid state reaction.     

Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂的结构及加氢脱硫性能

以硝酸镍为镍源,磷酸氢二铵为磷源,介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,用共浸渍法制备了含磷化镍前驱体的样品,然后在氢气流中采用程序升温还原法,制备了Ni2P质量分数为5%-40%的Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等分析测试技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,以噻吩和二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,在微型同定床反应器上对催化剂的加氧脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价.结果表明,Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂中SBA-15的介孔结构依然存在,活性组分Ni2P具有良好的分散性,但随Ni2P含量的增加,催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径均有明显减小.当反应温度为320℃时,Ni2P含量为15%-25%(w)的催化剂就具有很好的加氢脱硫催化性能;反应温度在360℃以上时,所有催化剂都具有优异的深度脱硫催化性能.Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂对二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫(HDS)主要以直接脱硫机理(DDS)进行.     

纳米(NH4)3PMo6W6O40的室温固相合成及形成机理

以H3PMo6W6O40•23H2O和(NH4)2C2O4•H2O为原料，采用室温固相反应合成出(NH4)3PMo6W6O40•6H2O产物，用元素分析、IR、UV-Vis、XRD、TEM、TG-DTA、BET等手段确定其组成、结构和性能.结果表明，产物为纳米粒子，平均粒径为10 nm.纳米粒子保持着杂多阴离子的Keggin特征结构，比表面积为167.6 m2•g－1，且在465 ℃以下具有良好的热稳定性.反应中反应热能、结晶水和生成物H2C2O4•2H2O对形成小粒径的(NH4)3PMo6W6O40纳米粒子起关键作用.     

基于有机磷酸类MOFs前驱体制备Ni2P/C复合材料

以镍为金属中心、 对二甲苯二磷酸为有机配体, 构筑了一种有机磷酸类Ni-MOF前驱体, 再经过一步碳化, 原位制备出多孔碳包覆Ni₂P纳米颗粒的复合材料. 该复合材料保留了前驱体的片状形貌, 比表面积可达202 m²/g, 复合材料中的Ni₂P纳米颗粒具有良好的结晶度, 颗粒均匀且无团聚现象. 在锂离子电池性能测试中, 该Ni₂P/C复合结构在缓解材料体积膨胀的同时提高了材料的电子和离子电导率, 进而提高了材料的电化学性能. 在0.2 C的电流密度下, 材料首次充、 放电比容量分别为247和226 mA·h·g^-1, 库仑效率可达91.7%, 循环200圈后, 库仑效率接近100%.