采用飞秒光纤激光同步泵浦的自启动锁模钛宝石激光研究

针对常规连续激光泵浦钛宝石激光振荡器不能自启动锁模的缺点,采用倍频飞秒光纤激光同步泵浦,通过调节振荡器腔长与泵浦腔长匹配,实现了飞秒钛宝石激光的自启动锁模。实验中采用3.4 W的倍频掺镱光纤激光同步泵浦钛宝石激光振荡器,获得了平均功率大于130 mW、重复频率75 MHz、光谱宽度大于47 nm、脉冲宽度17 fs的锁模脉冲输出,不仅能够稳定可靠地实现自启动锁模,解决了常规钛宝石激光振荡器锁模启动的困难,而且还具有同步输出1040,800,520 nm三束飞秒激光的特点,为进一步开展飞秒激光相干合成以及光参量放大等研究提供了优势基础。     

飞秒激光脉冲的谐波频率分辨光学开关法测量研究

建立了一台谐波频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)飞秒脉冲测量装置，利用该装置进行了掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光脉冲的测量研究.在二次谐波自相关测得的时域和频域信号基础上，结合对信号光强度分布的计算机迭代处理，得到了有关飞秒激光电场、光谱及其相位的信息，所得脉宽与干涉测量的结果基本一致. 关键词： 频率分辨光学开关法(FROG) 迭代计算 飞秒激光 自相关     

飞秒钛宝石放大激光脉冲的载波包络相位测量与控制

通过对重复频率为1 kHz的放大飞秒激光脉冲的光谱干涉实验,结合傅里叶变换进行了载波包络相位漂移的实验研究.在此基础上利用锁相环反馈控制技术实现了对载波包络相位的精密锁定,锁定后的激光脉冲稳态相位均方根误差小于80mrad,锁定时间超过3h.同时在理论上分析了光谱干涉测量放大激光脉冲载波包络相位的原理,给出了光谱干涉信号与载波包络相位的关系. 关键词： 飞秒钛宝石放大器 载波包络相位 光谱干涉 超连续     

飞秒钛宝石激光脉冲的载波包络相移测量研究

飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移测量与控制是实现阿秒脉冲与光学原子钟的重要内容，在利用光子晶体光纤扩展飞秒钛宝石激光振荡器光谱的研究基础上，通过自参考技术测量并优化了该激光输出脉冲的载波包络相移所引起的拍频信号.实验上采用半导体抽运的倍频Nd:YVO4532nm激光器作为抽运源，对钛宝石激光器所产生的平均功率500mW、脉宽18fs的光脉冲进行拍频测量后观察到约23MHz的频移，对应于每周期053π的载波包络相移.飞秒激光脉冲载波包络相移测量的实现对于进一步利用电子反馈系统精确控制载波包络相移，从而得到高稳定的飞秒激光频率梳具有重要意义. 关键词： 载波包络相移 光子晶体光纤 飞秒 超连续     

钛宝石飞秒激光振荡器的稳定性改善

对钛宝石飞秒激光器脉冲序列的强度和时间的稳定性进行了分析.实验比较了钛宝石飞秒激光器底板有无水冷的条件下,输出锁模脉冲序列的稳定性以及中心波长和光谱宽度的变化.结果表明对钛宝石飞秒激光器底板施加水冷可改善锁模脉冲的稳定性. 关键词： 钛宝石激光器 稳定性 飞秒脉冲     

飞秒激光脉冲序列互相关实验及结果分析

利用搭建的大臂长差相关仪,进行了飞秒激光脉冲序列间脉冲的互相关实验。实验结果表明：飞秒脉冲间互相关具有飞秒脉冲自相关的干涉相关图样。初步互相关实验和数据处理表明:利用飞秒脉冲固有的间隔和超短的脉冲宽度在μm量级上能精确标定大型光学谐振腔的长度;大臂长差飞秒脉冲相关技术,在未来加速器新光源装置中,可以用于稳定定时信号传输时间,更直接用于大型光学谐振腔的长度确定。     

可调谐窄线宽钛宝石激光脉冲的放大和频率展宽

在频域上进行了光参变激光器对钛宝石激光脉冲作选取放大并频率扩展的理论分析和数值模拟。实验上实现了用BBO光学参变振荡器作钛宝石激光脉冲选取、频率展宽为120nm的连续可调谐窄线宽（小于0.02nm）激光输出。     

两台独立飞秒钛宝石振荡器的高精度主动同步研究

对两台独立钛宝石飞秒振荡器的高精度主动同步进行了研究.实验中共采用三套锁相环对它们输出的激光脉冲进行了主动同步控制，最终得到了时间抖动低于30fs的同步精度；由于通过计算机智能监控两台振荡器的相对腔长变动，使得高精度同步维持的时间高达40min.     

PPLN晶体差频测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移

在飞秒激光频率梳系统中，通常采用自参考技术测量飞秒激光脉冲的载波包络相移，但该技术需要采用光子晶体光纤进行光谱扩展从而增加了系统的不稳定性，这种技术已经制约了高稳定度的飞秒激光频率梳的发展.采用PPLN晶体差频法测量了宽谱钛宝石振荡器输出的7fs激光脉冲的载波包络频移，得到了大于30dB的拍频信号，为研制无光纤的新一代高稳定度光学频率梳奠定了基础.     

飞秒脉冲振幅和相位的无干涉条纹重构法测量

对作者所提出的无干涉条纹直接电场重构测量飞秒脉冲的振幅和相位的新方法作出进一步理论分析，并通过实验测量说明该方法的优越性.该方法克服了传统的SPIDER方法的弊病，能得到一组无干涉条纹的图像，排除传统方法必须使用傅里叶变换滤波消除干涉条纹而引进的系统误差，使得该方法能够采用较简便设备且能较准确测量飞秒脉冲强度轮廓和相位.最后给出同一条件下新方法和传统SPIDER方法分别重构的脉冲强度自相关曲线与实验测量结果的比较，以说明新方法的有效性和优越性.     

Advanced methods for the characterization of few-cycle light pulses: a comparison

We discuss and compare four methods for measuring the width and pulse profile of ultrashort pulses. For our comparison, we use stable sub-7 fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire oscillator. Interferometric autocorrelation, spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), a spatially-encoded variant of SPIDER, and interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (IFROG) are utilized for characterizing pulses from the oscillator. The methods are found to agree within 5% as far as determination of the pulse width is concerned. However, differences are observed in the satellite structure reconstructed by either method. The current state of the art of measuring ultrashort pulses with these methods is reviewed and current limitations, in particular for characterizing complex pulse shapes, are discussed. PACS 06.60.Jn; 07.60.Ly; 42.65.Re; 42.79.Hp     

Generation of smooth, ultra-broadband spectra directly from a prism-less Ti:sapphire laser

Ultra-broad and smooth spectra are generated directly from a mirror-dispersion-controlled Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator. The full width at half maximum of the spectrum is 277 nm. The pulse width is evaluated as 6.5 fs by using both interferometric autocorrelation and spectral phase interferometry for electric-field reconstruction. This compact, user-friendly source opens the door to routine implementation of ultra-high-resolution as well as spectroscopic optical coherence tomography in a clinical environment. PACS 42.60.By; 42.65.Re     

Theoretical analysis of third order interferometric autocorrelation signals for enhanced sensitivity towards pulse chirp and asymmetry

In this paper, we report theoretical analysis of third order interferometric autocorrelation to achieve enhanced sensitivity towards pulse chirp and asymmetry. The analysis is based on interferometric correlative envelope (ICE) functions and ICE difference signals derived from interferometric autocorrelation signals. The third order ICE signals are compared with second order ICE signals obtained from a second order interferometric autocorrelation signals. It is shown that one out of six third order ICED signals may be used to obtain simultaneous detection and measurement of pulse chirp as well as pulse asymmetry of the chirped ultrashort laser pulse. This is in contrast to use of two out of three second order ICED signals for simultaneous detection of pulse chirp and asymmetry.     

Simultaneous visual detection of pulse chirp and temporal asymmetry in ultrashort laser pulses using analysis of unbalanced interferometric correlation envelope (ICE) functions

A simple method that uses envelope functions of unbalanced interferometric (auto/cross) correlation signals has been presented for simultaneous visual detection of pulse chirp and asymmetry, without direction-of-time ambiguity in ultrashort laser pulses. The ambiguity issues of unbalanced interferometric correlation envelope (ICE) difference signals have been studied. It is found that unbalanced ICE difference signals are visually different corresponding to practically indistinguishable unbalanced interferometric autocorrelation (IAC) signals for a distinct symmetric–asymmetric pulse pair with identical intensity autocorrelation and power spectra. The theoretical analysis of ICE signals is supported by experimental unbalanced IAC signals obtained using 200 fs laser pulses from a cw mode-locked Nd:phosphate laser oscillator. PACS 42.65.Re; 42.50.Hz; 07.60.Ly     

Single-shot sonogram: a real-time chirp monitor for ultrafast oscillators

We report a static single-shot configuration for measuring the sonogram trace of an ultrashort optical pulse. When it is combined with a CCD camera, the instrument provides an intuitive video-rate monitor of the pulse chirp, and it is equally compatible with a high-repetition-rate mode-locked oscillator and a low-repetition-rate amplified source. The performance of the instrument is described, and iterative retrieval of the measured sonogram trace, which yields complete and unambiguous pulse characterization, is demonstrated.     

用SPIDER法测量超宽带钛宝石振荡器的激光脉宽研究

用SPIDER方法测量了超宽带钛宝石振荡器输出激光的脉宽，得到7.86 fs的测量结果，这是目前国内所报道的仅用啁啾镜补偿色散、直接从振荡器输出的最短激光脉冲.简要介绍了振荡器的基本结构和SPIDER方法测量装置，并对计算得到的光谱相位进行了讨论和分析.     

Chirped optical pulse propagation in saturating nonlinear media

Using a variational method, we have investigated the propagation characteristics of a chirped optical pulse in anomalously dispersive media possessing saturating nonlinearity. For the special case of uniform loss less media, the dynamics of the temporal width of the pulse is shown to be equivalent to an oscillator of unit mass which is executing its motion under some effective potential well. The potential is examined and four different types of behavior of the pulse width are noticed. The role of saturation parameter and the initial chirp in determining the propagation characteristics have been examined. It is found that, both high value of chirp and saturation are detrimental to stable pulse propagation. Particularly, the effect of chirp becomes severe with the increase in the value of saturation. We have shown that incorporation of saturation in the nonlinearity leads to the existence of bistable soliton. For the case of a lossy medium, net broadening of width takes place over many cycles of oscillation. The net broadening decreases with the increase in the value of saturation.     

Effect of initial chirp on near-infrared supercontinuum generation by a nanosecond pulse in a nonlinear fiber amplifier

Theoretical and experimental research on the effect of initial chirp on near-infrared supercontinuum generation by a nanosecond pulse in a nonlinear fiber amplifier is carded out. The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation is used to simulate the propagation of the pulse in the fiber amplifier and the results show that pulses with negative initial chirp produce the widest supercontinuum and pulses with positive initial chirp produce the narrowest supercontinuum when the central wavelength of the pump lies in the normal dispersion region of the gain fiber. A self-made line width narrowing system is utilized to control the initial chirp of the nanosecond pump pulse and a four-stage master oscillator power amplifier configuration is adopted to produce a high power near-infrared suppercontinuum. The experimental results are in good agreement with simulations which can provide some guidance on further optimization of the system in future work.     

飞秒锁模固态激光器中放大的自发辐射导致的时基抖动

基于飞秒锁模固态激光系统,推导了激光脉冲的振幅、脉宽的倒数、啁啾、频率、中心位置和位相的运动方程.在低的白噪声的假设下,估算了含啁啾的钛宝石激光器中由放大的自发辐射引起的时基抖动.结果表明:对于一台脉冲轮廓为sech²(1763t/τ)的确定的锁模固态激光系统,时基抖动近似为净群速延迟色散(GDD)的线性函数,且随着GDD的增加而变大;然而,即便在GDD被完全补偿的情况下,时基抖动也不会是零 关键词： 时基抖时 放大的自发辐射 飞秒锁模固态激光系统     

Pulse compression of a high-order harmonic

The fifth harmonic pulses of an intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser were experimentally shown to be negatively chirped by using an LiF plate as a positive dispersive medium. The chirp of the harmonic pulse originates from the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase, which is estimated to be proportional to 25 U_p, where U_p is the ponderomotive energy. Consequently, we have succeeded in compressing the chirped pulses to 13 fs by compensating the intrinsic negative chirp. Chirp effects of the fundamental laser on the pulse width of the fifth harmonic were consistent with the negative chirp of the fifth harmonic.