噪声抵消法多源噪声成分分析系统

对一种新的噪声成分分析系统—基于自适应噪声抵消器和偏相关分析的多源噪声成分分析系统进行了研究,并用它来分析复杂的多源叠加型噪声场的组成成分,给出各源噪声成分在多源总噪声场中所占的百分比估计。利用该系统对仿真信号和某实测多源噪声信号进行处理,获得了满意的结果。     

多波束自适应噪声抵消法引论

本文给出按Wiener最小均方差准则设计的两种噪声抵消系统模型。给出计算输出信噪比的一般表达式。提出了把这种模型用于自适应波束成形时的实际检验准则。
提出一种多波束自适应噪声抵消系统。分析了它的主要性能。
本文的全部讨论都在频域上进行,文中给出利用信号平均功率谱密度和最佳线性滤波器的传输函数计算系统指向性的方法。给出了多波束噪声抵消法在自适应前后的指向性公式。
实际的例子说明这种系统在抑制为数不多的干扰时具有很大的优越性。     

基于空时级联滤波的拖船自噪声抵消方法

拖船自噪声属于近场多途强干扰信号,具有显著角度扩展现象,是影响拖曳阵探测性能的重要因素之一。在逆波束形成自噪声抵消方法基础上,结合空域和时域滤波,提出了空时级联滤波的拖船自噪声抵消方法。首先,由方位估计器估计拖船自噪声方位,经过波束形成空域滤波估计得到自噪声信号;然后,利用自噪声空域滤波输出设计最优维纳滤波器,将自噪声抵消在阵元级。基于简正波声场模型的仿真和实际海试数据的处理表明,该方法能够有效抵消拖船自噪声,性能优于逆波束形成方法。     

拖曳线列阵声呐平台噪声的空域矩阵滤波抑制技术

针对拖曳线列阵声呐平台噪声构成近场强干扰影响声呐弱目标探测的问题,利用近场平台噪声的多途传播特性,将匹配场定位技术和平面波目标方位估计技术结合,使用平台噪声到达接收阵的拷贝向量以及平面波方向向量共同设计平台噪声零响应约束空域矩阵滤波器,实现了平台噪声抑制.推导得出滤波器设计最优化问题的最优解,利用广义奇异值分解简化最优解表达式,并给出滤波器对平面波方向向量整体响应误差以及对平台噪声拷贝向量响应。利用平台噪声拷贝向量与远场平面波方向向量相关性,解释了平台噪声构成强干扰的原因,以及滤波后存在探测盲区的原因。由仿真可知,空域矩阵滤波处理可获得更小的探测盲区,同时获得盲区外更高的探测能力.     

利用多级时延估计与传递函数拟合的水下自干扰抑制法

提出了一种利用传递函数拟合与多级时延估计相结合的自干扰抑制方法来抑制接收信号中的强自干扰信号。首先通过频域解卷积估计发射泄漏的传递函数,进而构建出基本的对消信号,再通过互相关法与互谱法相结合的多级时延估计,精细补偿对消信号,获得良好的自干扰抑制效果。对实际海试数据的处理结果表明,当采用无人水下航行器(UUV)搭载一体化系统,在舷侧阵工作扇面内发射多帧线性调频(LFM)信号对目标船进行有源探测时,该方法的抑制比可达36 dB,且使得可检测回波的信干比从-30 dB降低到-55 dB,对后续的自干扰信号存在同样的抑制效果。以上结果表明该方法可抑制强自干扰信号,呈现出了较强的稳定性,使得淹没于强自干扰信号中的回波信号得以检测。     

采用混响杂波比估计的有源声呐波形杂波抑制性能评价方法

浅海混响中由礁石等强散射体引起的杂波会导致有源声呐虚警、检测性能降低,合理的波形设计可有效抑制此类杂波。虽然使用多普勒敏感波形或减小波形多普勒容限已被证明能够有效抑制杂波,然而只有对当前波形的杂波抑制性能进行量化评价,才能判断当前波形的杂波抑制效果优劣,进而帮助决策是否需调整发射波形,而目前尚缺乏波形杂波抑制性能评价方法的提出。首先通过建模阐述了波形抑制杂波的原理,然后针对波形抑制杂波的性能评价问题,提出了采用混合分布统计模型对混响进行拟合及杂波比估计的方法,最后,通过湖试实验验证了该方法能够有效评价波形的杂波抑制性能。提出的方法利用混响统计特征的参数估计来反映和评价当前波形的性能,对波形体制选择和参数设计具有指导意义。     

稀疏贝叶斯学习水声信道估计与脉冲噪声抑制方法

水声信道具有显著的稀疏特性,利用稀疏贝叶斯学习(SBL)算法能够实现稀疏水声信道的有效估计。针对SBL计算复杂度较高的问题,将广义近似消息传递-稀疏贝叶斯学习(GAMP-SBL)引入水声信道估计。该方法在SBL的框架下结合GAMP以消息传递的方式计算信道冲激响应,能够有效降低SBL的计算复杂度。针对假设背景噪声服从高斯分布的信道估计方法在脉冲噪声环境下性能下降问题,提出了基于GAMP-SBL的脉冲噪声抑制水声信道估计方法:首先利用脉冲噪声时域稀疏特性,采用GAMP-SBL估计脉冲噪声并进行抑制,然后再次利用GAMP-SBL实现水声信道估计.基于第九次北极科考冰下脉冲噪声的两次仿真结果表明,所提出的方法在归一化均方误差上相对于未进行脉冲噪声抑制的GAMP-SBL最大分别降低了18.71%,6.61%,在信道解码前误码率上最大分别降低了1.66%,4.05%,并且相对于Clipping方法更加稳健。在信噪比为20 dB时,误码率可低于10^-2。     

基于时延和相位估计的合成孔径声呐运动补偿研究

合成孔径声呐成象的难点之一在于孔径上载体的运动不稳定性影响了合成孔径上水听器接收的信号的相干性,其结果将导致图像的畸变和分辨率的降低。首先讨论了运动误差对合成孔径声呐(SAS)成像的影响及运动补偿的必要性。在分析位移相位中心运动补偿法的基础上,提出了一种改进算法。该方法首先估计时延,然后再对剩余误差进行相位估计,从而扩大了算法适用的运动误差范围。文中给出了利用该方法的计算机仿真结果和部分水池实验结果,从结果可以看出,该方法有效地修正了在合成孔径上由于介质和载体不稳定带来的不相干性,提高了成像的质量。     

层状介质界面超声检测的理论分析和自适应噪声抵消处理

首先从理论上推导了展状介质超声脉冲回波的解析表达式,对各界面信号进行了分析。指出多层介质超声回波是各界面信号的叠加。应用自适应噪声抵消去除超声回波中的零界面和一界面信号,可以将二界面信号提取出来。对模拟和实测层状介质超声回波信号处理表明,方法是可行的。根据得到的二界面信号的幅度和起始时间,可以对二界面的深度和粘结情况进行评价。     

某型艇近场噪声和自噪声数值计算

采用结构有限元软件NASTRAN和声学边界元软件SYSNOISE,对某型艇振动与声学特性数值计算问题进行了研究。通过基于全船三维有限元分析模型的频响分析计算,获得该船结构振动响应特性参数。以振动频响分析计算结果作为声学边界条件,考虑球面点噪声源的影响,建立了全船三维边界元声学分析模型;并采用间接边界元法,对某型艇近场和自噪声声学特性进行了计算。所得计算结果与该船实测数据进行了对比,证明本文计算方法是可行的。     

Adaptive noise cancelling and condition monitoring

When mechanical signature analysis methods are applied to the detection of faults within a complex machine, one is often confronted with a situation in which the diagnostic signal is embedded in a background noise. Coherent filtering techniques are of help in improving the signal to noise ratio (SNR) only when a synchronizing signal is available; on the other hand, the adaptive noise cancelling (ANC) technique can be successfully applied to increase the signal to noise ratio even in those situations where a synchronization signal is not available. Adaptive noise cancelling is a form of optimal filtering in which use is made of an auxiliary or a reference signal. In the work reported here it has been shown that the statistical and spectral analyses techniques which fail to detect and diagnose faults because of a poor signal to noise ratio can be made effective by using an adaptive noise cancelling technique. The expression for the signal to noise density ratio at the output of the noise canceller is derived for a simplified model of a machine.     

应用经验模态分解的拖船噪声信号重构及抵消方法

针对拖船干扰的时空特点,提出了将EMD(Empirical Mode Decomposition)应用于拖船噪声信号重构及抵消的方法。为了解决以往需要人工干预挑选EMD输出的多路IMF分量的缺点,提出了将多路IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function)分量与基元域信号按照线谱与连续谱分别做功率谱相关并以谱相关系数最大为准则的挑选算法。基于逆波束形成的理论,利用挑选后的IMF分量重构基元域信号,并与原始基元域信号谱减后再进行方位估计。拖曳声呐模拟器数据与实际海试数据验证结果表明,本文算法能够提高弱目标空间增益,尤其是对于靠近干扰盲区的弱目标空间增益提高明显,并且对拖船多途角扩展干扰也具有较好的抵消能力。     

Estimating the model-specific uncertainty of aircraft noise calculations

Aircraft noise contours are estimated with model calculations. Due to their impact, e.g., on land use planning, calculations need to be highly accurate, but their uncertainty usually remains unaccounted for. The objective of this study was therefore to quantify the uncertainty of calculated average equivalent continuous sound levels (L_Aeq) of complex scenarios such as yearly air operations, and to establish uncertainty maps. The methodology was developed for the simulation program FLULA2. In a first step, the partial uncertainties of modelling the aircraft as a sound source and of modelling sound propagation were quantified as a function of aircraft type and distance between aircraft and receiver. Then, these uncertainties were combined for individual flights to obtain the uncertainty of the single event level (L_AE) at a specified receiver grid. The average L_Aeq of a scenario results from the combination of the L_AE of many single flights, each of which has its individual uncertainties. In a last step, the uncertainties of all L_AE were therefore combined to the uncertainty of the L_Aeq, accounting also for uncertainties of the number of movements and of prognoses. Uncertainty estimations of FLULA2 calculations for Zurich and Geneva airports revealed that the standard uncertainty of the L_Aeq ranges from 0.5 dB (day) to 1.0 dB (night) for past-time scenarios when using radar data as input, and from 1.0 dB (day) to 1.3 dB (night) for future scenarios, in areas where L_Aeq ⩾ 53 dB (day) and L_Aeq ⩾ 43 dB (night), respectively. Different uncertainty values may result for other models and/or airports, depending on the model sophistication, traffic input data, available sound source data, and airport peculiarities such as the specific aircraft fleet or prevailing departure and arrival procedures. The methodology, while established for FLULA2 on Zurich and Geneva airports, may be applied to other models and/or airports, but the partial uncertainties have to be specifically re-established to account for individual models and underlying sound source data.     

Prediction and test of cavity's hydrodynamic self-noise induced by turbulent boundary layer

The self-noise in cavity is tested in the circling tank,prediction method of cavity's self-noise induced by turbulent boundary layer is established.The window's vibration is using the simply supported boundary condition,the sound wave in the cavity is expanded using the rigid wall boundary condition,the modal coupling vibration equation between them is established using the radiation boundary condition.The turbulent boundary layer pulsating pressure is random,the self-noise power spectrum in the cavity is solved.Test of self-noise and turbulent pressure is carried out in the circling tank when the flow velocity is 5 m/s and 8 m/s,the result verifies that the theoretical method can predict the real cavity's hydrodynamic noise approximately,the trends are similar,this provides one analytical method for sonar dome's material selection and noise control.     

Estimating the varying topology of discrete-time dynamical networks with noise

We propose an improved method to estimate the varying topology of discrete-time dynamical networks using autosynchronization. The networks considered in this paper can be weighted or unweighted and directed or undirected, and the dynamics of each node can be nonuniform. Furthermore, we suggest using a moving-average filter to suppress the influence of noise on parameter estimation. Finally, several examples are illustrated to verify the theoretical results by numerical simulation.     

Estimating the main radiation source terms for the NICA collider

The various radiation sources at the NICA collider were identified and specified. It is found that the most powerful ones are the beam catchers restricting the beam ??halo??. The double differential neutron yields from the catcher are calculated using the GEANT4 code. A simulation of the total absorbed dose in the magnet superconducting winding due to the catcher radiation is carried out for the accepted levels of beam losses. The induced radioactivity of the catcher is predicted for the collider schedule.     

Research on a port and starboard ambiguity conjugate cancelling method for twin-line array

It is always an important problem in sonar signal processing for towed array to distinguish the target between port and starboard.It is studied in this paper the normalized beam output function for the parallel twin-line array and found a method that can enhance its port and starboard ambiguity suppression by equalizing the amplitude and phase of the beam output from the conventional beam forming.This method gets the weight value by analyzing the normalized beam output function,and then uses the amplitude weight and phase compensation for beam outputs of the twin arrays to cancel the conjugate（mirror） output. Therefore,the port and starboard restrain ratio is maximized.Both the computer simulation and sea trial data showed that this is a simple and practical method,can better enhance the port and starboard restrain ratio,especially when the band is wide.     

Estimating the amplitude of measurement noise present in chaotic time series

We propose a method for estimating the amplitude of measurement noise present in chaotic time series. This method is based on the evaluation of initial errors for a given time series and for a new one synthesized by adding an adequate amount of noise to the given one. The method is valid over a much wider range of noise levels than the previous methods are because it is not based on the detail of dynamical structure which generates the data. In addition, it is possible to check if the method is valid for the given data prior to its application. To confirm the effectiveness of the method we show the results of numerical experiments and apply the method to chaotic data obtained from an electrochemical experiment. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.