改性红粘土工程性质研究

红粘土在西南地区分布面积较广,由于其具有高孔隙性、低密实度、高界限含水量和塑性较高等的工程不良特性,阻碍了其在工程中的应用。通过在天然红粘土中添加改性剂,对改性后的红粘土进行击实、水稳性、液塑限、无测限抗压强度及抗剪强度试验。试验结果表明:改性剂的加入在改善红粘土的物理特性的同时,也增强了其力学特性。     

中国南方红粘土工程属性的变化规律

中国红粘土主要分布在南方,是性质复杂且变化范围较大的特殊土类.讨论中国南方红粘土工程属性的变化规律,对中国南方红粘土进行分区;对剖面性质变化规律进行总结,以便在工程实践中更好地利用和改造红粘土.     

改良云南红粘土强度特性研究

摘要：为了研究纤维、纤维水泥对云南红粘土强度的影响,对改良后的红粘土进行了直剪试验和无侧限抗压试验。试验结果表明,往红粘土掺入纤维、纤维水泥后,其强度有了显著的改善。随着纤维含量增加,改良红粘土的抗剪强度先增加后减小,掺入量0.05%~0.15%时有明显改善;无侧限抗压强度随着纤维掺入量的增加而增强。在水泥掺入量一定时,改良红粘土的无侧限抗压强度随着纤维掺入量和龄期的增加而增加。相对于纤维改良红粘土而言,纤维水泥对云南红粘土无侧限抗压强度改善更为明显。     

干湿循环下红粘土动力特性试验研究

对贵阳红粘土进行了一系列动三轴试验,分析了干湿循环下红粘土动力特性试验参数变化规律、土体动强度衰减机理和动本构关系模型。结果表明,红粘土在干湿循环和周期振动荷载作用下的动应力—动应变关系具有明显的非线性关系,表现为强硬化型。同一动应变下,先湿后干比先干后湿的动弹性模量、动剪切模量要大,动阻尼比要小。常温(25℃)下干湿循环的动弹性模量、动剪切模量比高温(105℃)下干湿循环要大,动阻尼比要小。动弹性模量、动剪切模量随循环次数增加而降低,动阻尼比随循环次数的增加逐渐增大,且第1、2次循环降低幅度比较大;第3、4、5次降低幅度比较小。试验红粘土土体的最大动阻尼比在10%～20%之间。干湿循环下红粘土动应力与动应变关系可以用双曲线来拟合。     

晚新生代元谋盆地演化与河谷发育研究

元谋盆地是在晚新生代青藏高原与云南高原隆起过程中形成的众多断陷盆地之一,流经元度盆地的龙川江和金沙江。其河谷发育与盆地演化具有密切关系,通过对元谋盆地及其邻区的层次地貌与相关沉积的分析研究,认为,始新世晚期￣中新世晚期是夷平面形成时期,中新世晚期￣３．４０ＭａＢＰ前后是第一级剥蚀面形成时期;元谋盆地形成于３．４０ＭａＢＰ前后第一级剥蚀面解体过程中,其后盆地经历了３．４０￣１．７８ＭａＢＰ的古湖形成     

红粘土路基填料的试验方法

采用干土法和湿土法对红粘土的路用特性进行了试验研究.研究结果表明,不同的试验方法对试验结果有明显的影响.从红粘土的矿物组成和结合水分布等微观结构的角度,探讨了导致不同试验结果的原因.针对公路部门的生产实际,提出了红粘土路基填料的试验方法,为红粘土路基的合理填筑提供了理论依据.     

益阳地区红粘土边坡的失稳机理探讨

以益阳地区红粘土为研究对象,对其主要成分进行分析的基础上,探讨了红粘土对边坡稳定性影响的发生机理、失稳特征.同时结合具体例子对红粘土边坡的稳定性进行了计算研究,提出了治理红粘土边坡的基本思路,可为类似工程的红粘土边坡设计与施工提供参考.     

成都平原的晚新生代构造

根据成都平原晚新生代地层的展布、接触关系,以及与邻区的构造组合,对成都平原的基本构造格架进行了初步分析,描述了蒲江-新津断裂、大邑断裂、竹瓦铺断裂、绵竹断裂等晚新生代断裂,将成都平原的构造演化划分为6个阶段,对上述断裂的构造活动性与龙门山断裂带进行了分析对比.     

非饱和红粘土三轴试验研究

利用非饱和三轴系统进行不同围压和不同基质吸力的三轴剪切试验,求出了该典型红粘土的强度指标,并分析强度指标随基质吸力变化的规律;结果表明,强度指标在进气值前后差异很大,且基质吸力大于进气值后出现了非线性变化的趋势,其中表观凝聚力最为突出;最后,验证了用幂函数拟合表观凝聚力与基质吸力的关系是行之有效的.     

公路工程红粘土路基的病害与处治探讨

特殊土在我国工程建设不良工程地质现象中占有举足轻重的地位,在诸多省市自治区分布广泛。因此,有针对性地开展特殊土地带公路修筑关键技术研究,既是我国交通运输事业持续发展的必然需求,也是我国交通科技发展规划的重大决策。     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

贵州晚新生代矿产资源成因类型和成矿规律

本文将贵州晚新生代矿产资源分为沉积矿床和层控矿床二大成因类型。重点对层控矿床作了阐述,根据改造成矿作用程度和表生氧化成矿特点,进一步分为沉积——改造矿床、沉积——表生氧化矿床和沉积——改造——表生氧化矿床三类及若干亚类。并从成矿物质、成矿空间和成矿时间三个方面,对贵州晚新生代成矿规律作了探讨。其中,构造变异带成矿的规律至关重要。据此,对贵州晚新生代成矿区域作了划分;为成矿预测指明了方向。     

Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

~~Magnetostratigraphy of Late Cenozoic fossil mammals in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau~~~~     

Benthic foraminiferal fauna turnover at 2.1 Ma in the northern South China Sea

Quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) shows that abundance of Bulimina alazanensis, sometimes up to about 90%, decreased gradually since 3.2 Ma, especially at 2.1 Ma. Abundance of other benthic foraminiferal species, Globobulimina sub-globosa and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, increased after 2.1 Ma. Comparison with changes in oxygen and carbon isotopes of planktonic and benthic foraminifera shows that high abundance values of B. alazanensis corresponded with lower values of oxygen isotope, but for carbon isotope, high values of the species were consistent with heavier carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera and lighter carbon isotope of planktonic foraminifera, respectively, and vice versa. Considering factors such as uplift of Bashi Strait, expansion of the North Hemisphere Glaciation, strengthening of East Asian winter mon-soon and variations in oxygen and carbon isotope of foraminifera, changes of B. alazanensis in ODP Site 1146 suggest that the source of deep water masses of the northern South China Sea changed from the warm Pacific deep water with high oxygen content to Pacific Intermediate water with low oxygen content at 2.1 Ma. In addition, the strengthened East Asian winter monsoon resulted in increased pri-mary productivity, high nutrient and suboxic bottom water. Variations in species of B. alazanensis seemed to be unable to tolerate environmental stress induced by deep water masses and productivity changes.     

Discovery of Late Paleozoic retrograded eclogites from the middle part of the northern margin of North China Craton

The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), located between the Paleo-Asian Ocean tectonic region on the north and the NCC on the south, is a key region for studying the tectonic evolution of NCC. A Pre-cambrian retrograded eclogite (2500 Ma or 1800 Ma) was reported in Baimashi near Hengshan Mountain in the NCC, which is characterized by the vermicular symplec-tite of diopside and plagioclase with absence of ompha-cite[1,2]. In Hongqiyingzi Group from the middle part of the …     

中国南海北部新生代古环境的变迁

为了解中国南海北部新生代古环境的变迁,在分析参考相关科学成果的基础上,综述该区域的古环境的变迁。早第三纪珠江口盆地以陆相、河湖相沉积为主,气温凉爽,属暖温带至北亚热带环境;晚第三纪,从晚渐新世到上新世晚期,该区域由淡水湖泊沉积环境,逐渐过渡到海、陆交互环境、潮问带或浅水滨海沉积环境、浅海环境等,气候也演变成潮湿的热带、亚热带气候。第四纪,随着冰期、间冰期的波动,沉积环境也分别呈近岸陆面剥蚀环境一浅水滨海沉积环境或浅海环境的交替。香港地区“岗岭山坡”区段属陆面风化剥蚀环境,而在“河谷平原”则由陆面风化剥蚀环境演变为陆面河、湖相或沼泽沉积环境。古环境的变迁主要受太阳幅射脉动状态等综合因素的影响。     

中国东部新生代陆相断陷盆地层序的构成样式

选取我国东部跨不同古构造、古气候和古地理单元的多个陆相断陷盆地,如济阳凹陷、南阳和泌阳凹陷、南堡凹陷、歧口凹陷、江汉盆地、东濮凹陷、百色盆地和苏北盆地等,以层序界面和层序单元的精细划分为基础,对古近系-新近系的构造地层格架和层序结构特征进行对比分析,总结出犁式断坳型和陡倾式断坳型2种类型层序地层格架和断坡带型、弯折带型、枢纽带型(或斜坡型)3种典型的层序构成样式。不同级次的构造控制着层序的发育和层序样式特点,在此基础上建立了对储集体展布和烃源岩潜力具有重要预测功能的层序地层模式,从而为我国东部具有地域及地质特色的陆相含油气盆地内隐蔽油气藏的寻找和评价提供了一套新的思维框架。     

Hf isotopes of zircon megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in eastern China

Cenozoic basalts are widely distributed in eastern China, and some of them contain zircon megacrysts which are considered to be constituent mineral of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle （SCLM） and petrogenetically related to mantle metasomatism induced by addition of crustal materials. Using the Laser Ablation Multiple Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry （LA-MC-ICPMS）, zircon megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts at Changle in Shandong, Mingxi in Fujian, and Penglai in Hainan provinces have been used for Hf isotopic analyses. The data indicate that there is no significant deviation for the different zircon grains in each locale, except those from Penglai. The obtained ^176Hf /^177Hf ratios are 0.28302- 0.28308 for Changle, 0.28297-0.28300 for Mingxi, and 0.28288-0.28293 for Penglai, with corresponding ear values of 8.7-10.8, 7.0-7.9, and 3.9-5.7, respectively. These data display that there existed some regional heterogeneity, but the Hf model ages clustere in the Phanerozoic. Therefore, it is inferred that metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle beneath eastern China took place in the Phanerozoic, most probably in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. However, the formation time of the iithospheric mantle is not clearly constrained based on the present Hf isotopic data.     

辽西冀北晚中生代的化石蜥蜴类(爬行纲:有鳞目)

个蜥矢部部龙趾大具有辽西冀北晚中生代已记录的蜥蜴类化石共4属5种,及2个未命名属种。这些化石自下而上可划分4蜴类化石带：中侏罗世杨氏矢部龙带(Yabeinosaurus youngi Zone)、早白垩世早期长趾大凌河蜥-细小龙组合带(Dalinghosaurus longidigitus-Yabeinosaurus tenuis Assemblage Zone)、早白垩世早期细小矢带(Yabeinosaurus tenuis Zone)及早白垩世晚期炭德氏蜥带(Teilhardosaurus canbonarius Zone)凌河蜥-细小矢部龙组合带中的蜥蜴类属种最为丰富且分布较广,为研究早期蜥蜴类的地理地史分重要价值。布长等