大孔球形纤维素吸附剂的制备及性能研究

本课题以天然棉纤维为原料,通过碱化、老化、碳化以及溶解,制得纤维素粘胶,按一定比例加入Ca-CO3,然后,采用反相悬浮再生法,制备纤维素球,在HCl-NaCl-CaCl2。混合溶液中除去CaCO3后,得大孔球形纤维素经SEM对整体结构和表面结构进行了表征。这种大孔球经环氧化后,制备了一种开链氮杂冠醚化大孔球形纤维素吸附剂（PSC-OCAC）,测定了PSC-OCAC对几种常见金属离子的吸附性能,并应用到江河水体中几种金属的分离、富集,建立起PSC-OCAC-分离富集-火焰原子吸收分光光度法,测定水体中痕量重金属总量的方法,测定了南充境内两河、嘉陵江水体中的几种常见重金属含量。     

Cl_q—VT免疫吸附剂制备及其吸附循环免疫复合物性能初探

本文在最佳条件下将猪Ｃｌｑ与活化的ＶＴ树脂反应制备了Ｃｌｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂，每克干重ＶＴ可结合０．５ｍｇＣｌｑ，可吸附１．４ｍｇ热凝聚人ＩｇＧ（ＡＨＧ）。ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ结果表明Ｃｌｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只对ＡＨＧ特鼻吸附，而不吸附其它血清蛋白。应用Ｃｌｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂吸附ＳＬＥ病人血浆中循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ），结果表明约有５２％的ＣＩＣ被清除。Ｃｌｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只能一次性地使用。     

大孔球形纤维素载体固定化单宁的制备及其对蛋白质的吸附性能

以自制大孔球形纤维素为载体,利用双环氧试剂1,4-丁二醇二甘油醚引入手臂和环氧基,以单宁酸为配基,制得大孔球形纤维素载体固定化单宁(IMTSC).分别对环氧活化、配基偶联的实验条件进行了考察.环氧活化最适条件为:氢氧化钠溶液浓度0.5mol/L,BDDE用量为2.0ml/g(SC),活化温度25℃,活化时间7h.环氧基密度可达到0.17mmol/g(OSC).配基偶联最适条件为:单宁酸溶液最佳浓度5%,硼氢化钠溶液用量为1.0mL.对固定化单宁吸附蛋白质的性能进行了研究.IMTSC对蛋白质的吸附受缓冲液pH、溶液中的盐浓度、乙醇浓度及反应时间的影响,静态吸附量达到200mg/g干基.     

IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流治疗系统性红斑狼疮病例研究

本文介绍用IA免疫吸附剂血液灌流临床治疗系统性红斑狼疮患者的研究结果。     

大孔球形纤维素离子交换剂的制备及其对蛋白质的吸附富集性能研究.Ⅱ.球形纤维素的交联活化及功能基化研究

本文考察了球形纤维素交联活化的影响因素。结果表明，碱浓度为4～5mol／L，温度75℃，反应时间30min，为最佳交联条件；室温下，碱浓度1mol／L左右反应8h则为最佳活化条件。     

C1q—VT免疫吸附剂制备及其吸附循环免疫复合物性能初探

本文在最佳条件下将猪Ｃ１ｑ与活化的ＶＴ树脂反应制备了Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂，每克干重ＶＴ可结合０．５ｍｇＣ１ｑ，可吸附１．４ｍｇ热凝聚人ＩｇＧ（ＡＨＧ）。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ结果表明Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只对ＡＨＧ特异吸附，而不吸附其它血清蛋白。应用Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂吸附ＳＬＥ病人血浆中循环免疫复合物（ＣＩＣ），结果表明约有５２％的ＣＩＣ被清除。Ｃ１ｑ－ＶＴ免疫吸附剂只能一次性地使用．     

新型两性球形离子交换纤维素的制备

本文在自制的球形纤维素基础上,以Ｆｅ＾２＋Ｈ２Ｏ２－二氧化硫脲为氧化还原引发系统,通过甲基丙为稀酸与丙烯酰胺的二元混合物与珠体纤维素接枝共聚,制得了含－ＮＨ２和－ＣＯＯＨ两种官能团的两性离子交换纤维素,其中阳离子交换容量在０．１５～０．６７ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ,阴离子交换容量在０．０５～０．５０ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ。该离子交换剂可用于生物大分子如蛋白质、肽的分离。     

球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学与热力学研究

以离子液体([Bmim]Cl)为反应介质,丙烯酸为单体,对纤维素进行均相接枝共聚,并采用油包水反相悬浮技术制得球形纤维素吸附剂。采用静态吸附实验方法研究了该吸附剂对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能,包括各种因素(溶液pH值,溶液初始浓度,吸附时间,吸附温度)对吸附效果的影响。研究结果表明,适当提高溶液pH值,增加溶液初始浓度,以及延长吸附时间都有利于改善吸附效果;球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附过程是自发的放热过程;吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附符合二级吸附动力学模型,吸附过程由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。球形纤维素吸附剂对Cu2+的具有很好的吸附性并具有良好的再生性能,可以循环使用。     

新型亲和吸附剂的研究（I）：吸附剂的制备及其配体固定化

以醋酸乙烯酯为单体，三烯丙基异氰尿酸酯为交联剂制得大孔交联共聚物，以其为载体，氨基酸为配体制得一系列亲和吸附剂，探讨了溶剂用量和性质，反应时间和温度等条件对配体固定化的影响，并确定了最佳制备条件。     

类风湿因子（RF）免疫吸附剂的制备及性能研究

以球形纤维素为载体,经环氧氯丙烷活化后键联活性配基热聚人IgG,制备类风湿因子（RF）免疫吸附剂,可望用于血液灌流治疗类风湿关节炎。研究了配基的固定化条件及吸附剂的吸附性能。实验结果表明,吸附剂对IgGRF、IgMRF、IgARF的吸附率分别达到69.6%、70.3%、77.0%。     

珠状纤维素的制备及其应用

珠状纤维素是一种新型的可反应性高分子材料，在生化物质的分离、纯化，生物工程和其他领域有良好的应用前景。本文系统地回顾了珠状纤维素的制备方法，对珠状纤维素的应用研究也作了简要介绍。     

Application of Modified Bead Cellulose as a Carrier of Active Ingredients

Summary: A new kind of very fine disperse porous bead cellulose is modified by chemical treatments to 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose, carboxymethyl and dihydrogenphosphate cellulose. Model drugs like benzocaine and prazosin are coupled to these modified bead celluloses by covalent and ionic linkage, respectively and compressed to tablets. Compression mixtures with low loaded benzocaine conjugates release with medium rate. Linkage of prazosin cation to the anionic derivatives of bead cellulose leads to fast release of poor soluble ionic drug.     

载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除地下水砷(Ⅲ)的研究

制备了一种载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,并用于地下水中As(Ⅲ)的去除.吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)在吸附容量、选择性和速率等方面都具有良好的性能,无需预氧化As(Ⅲ),其适用pH范围宽,不必调节原水的pH.吸附剂孔隙度大,机械强度好,活性成分铁的载入量高,吸附As(Ⅲ)的活性好.Langmuir和Freundlich方程能较好地描述吸附平衡方程,其吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级方程.吸附As(Ⅲ)的最佳pH范围为6-9.SO42-和Cl-等干扰离子均不影响As(Ⅲ)的去除.柱吸附实验表明,即使在较高流速和As(Ⅲ)进水浓度下,吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的去除依然具有很高的穿透容量和饱和容量.吸附剂可以用NaOH溶液再生,洗脱和再生效率较高.活性成分β-FeOOH形态稳定,柱实验和再生时铁均无泄漏.     

化学发光酶联免疫分析测定血清中抗DNA抗体

建立起适于临床应用的抗ＤＮＡ抗体化学发光酶联免疫分析法。该法精密度良好，相对标准偏差为２．４％。比ＥＬＩＳＡ法更加简便、经济、省时，同时提高了灵敏度（８倍）和血清的阳性检出率。探讨了检测系统中对碘苯酚增强鲁米诺－过氧化氢－辣根过氧化物酶化学发光反应机理。     

聚硫醚纤维素吸附阳离子染料的动力学与热力学

脱脂棉在碱存在下与环硫氯丙烷发生醚化反应,合成了一种环境功能材料--聚硫醚纤维素（PTCC）。 考察了溶液酸度对吸附容量的影响并研究了PTCC对3种阳离子染料的吸附动力学与热力学。 研究结果表明,中性介质较有利于吸附的进行;298 K、pH=7.0时,静态吸附2 h后,吸附趋于平衡,PTCC对碱性艳蓝B、碱性艳蓝R和夜蓝的饱和吸附量分别为726、652和320 mg/g;PTCC对阳离子染料的吸附过程符合Lagergren二级吸附动力学方程,吸附速率常数k2随着温度的降低而升高,低温有利于吸附反应的进行;吸附过程ΔG、ΔH和ΔS均为负值,表明该吸附是自发的放热过程,主要是通过范德华力实现的。 吸附过程的吸附等温模型符合Langmuir等温式,可以用单分子层吸附理论加以解释。     

Quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor for the detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA

We report the development of a novel quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor with the simultaneous measurement of resonance frequency and motional resistance for the detection of antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The immobilization of poly(l-lysine) and subsequent complexation with DNA resulted in formation of a sensitive dsDNA-containing nanofilm on the surface of a gold electrode. Atomic force microscopy has been applied for the characterization of a poly(l-lysine)–DNA film. After the blocking with bovine serum albumin, the immunosensor in flow-injection mode was used to detect the antibodies to dsDNA in purified protein solutions of antibodies to dsDNA and to single-stranded DNA, monoclonal human immunoglobulin G, DNase I and in blood serum of patients with bronchial asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus. Experimental results indicate high sensitivity and selectivity of the immunosensor. In memoriam Prof. Victor G. Vinter     

An Optimized Ni-catalyzed Chan-Lam Type Coupling: Enantioretentive Access to Chiral N-Aryl Sulfinamides

C−N bond formation takes on a critical significance in reactions of organic synthesis, material production and pharmaceutical manufactory. Chan-Lam has proposed a useful methodology to furnish secondary arylamides under mild conditions. However, when chiral sulfinamides serve as the coupling precursors, the Cu-catalyzed coupling reaction is found with low efficacy. Complex side-products are generated under classic conditions. Moreover, it led to the racemization of the coupling product. In this study, an optimized Ni-catalyzed Chan-Lam type coupling conditions were proposed, which resulted in clean conversion from chiral sulfinamides and arylboronic acids to offer N-aryl sulfinamides efficiently and enantioretentively. The trans-N¹,N²-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine was proven as the most efficient ligand. Under the optimized conditions, a series of chiral N-aryl sulfinamides was prepared with high chemical yield without racemization. Furthermore, a plausible and novel mechanism was proposed. Interestingly, the method could efficiently furnish a wide variety of C−X bonds by coupling arylboronic acids with different nucleophiles.     

Cellulose dissolution in lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide solvent system: Relevance of kinetics of decrystallization to cellulose derivatization under homogeneous solution conditions

Rate constants and activation parameters for decrystallization of Avicel PH-101 cellulose, and bagasse-based cellulose in presence of LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide solvent system have been determined from dependence of the index of crystallinity of cellulose, Ic, on time, under nonisothermal conditions. Calculated rate constants and activation parameters are negligibly dependent on the degree of polymerization of the natural polymer. Under experimental conditions used, derivatization of cellulose can be started after 3 h of cellulose–solvent contact. The relevance of our results to the industrial application of derivatization under homogeneous solution conditions is discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 3738–3744, 1999     

Detection of DNA and Protein Molecules Using an FET‐Type Biosensor with Gold as a Gate Metal

In this study, a field effect transistor (FET)‐type biosensor based on 0.5 μm standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is proposed and its feasibility for detecting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein molecules is investigated. Au, which has a chemical affinity with thiol by forming a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), was used as the gate metal in order to immobilize DNA and protein molecules. A Pt pseudo‐reference electrode was employed for the detection of biomolecules. The sensor was fabricated as a p‐channel (P)MOSFET‐type because PMOSFET with positive surface potential is useful for detecting negatively charged biomolecules from the view point of its high sensitivity and fast response time. DNA and protein molecules were detected by measuring the variation of the drain current due to the variation of biomolecular charge and capacitance. DNA and protein molecules used in the experiment were 15mer–oligonucleotide probe and streptavidin‐biotin protein complexes, respectively. DNA was detected by both in situ and ex situ measurements. Additionally, to verify the interactions among SAM, streptavidin, and biotin, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement was performed.